Inhibition of M2 tumor-associated macrophages polarization by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a possible liver cancer therapy method.

The problem of liver cancer is becoming increasingly important due to the epidemic of metabolic diseases and persistent high alcohol consumption. This determines great attention to the development and improvement of methods for early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Huang presented a study in the , in which they showed that the use of the traditional Chinese medicine (CB) can suppress tumor growth in mice by inhibiting M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) through modulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Hormonal Imbalance as a Prognostic Factor of Physical Development of Children with Intellectual Disability.

Introduction: The purpose was to study the indicators of physical development of primary-school-aged children with intellectual disability by observing the type of autonomic nervous regulation and their levels of catecholamines and serotonin.

Methods: A total of 168 primary school age children were examined, of which 54 had intellectual disability. The autonomic nervous system was assessed using cardiointervalography; anthropometric parameters were applied in accordance with recommendations.

Parasites of the liver: A global problem?

Parasitic liver diseases can be caused by trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and protozoa. This pathology is significant because millions of people in different parts of the world have liver parasites, which can manifest themselves in the development of inflammation, liver cysts, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis that are often threatening their lives. The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers three species of trematodes, , and , to be carcinogens.

Association of Blood NK Cell Phenotype with the Severity of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C with Genotype 1 or 3.

Background: NK cells phenotype and functional state in different genotypes of chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC), depending on liver fibrosis severity, have not been sufficiently studied, which limits the possibilities for the development of pathology therapy.

Methods: The CVHC diagnosis was based on the EASL recommendations (2018). Clinical examination with liver elastometry was performed in 297 patients with genotype 1 and in 231 patients with genotype 3 CVHC.

A Key Role of CD8+ T Cells in Controlling of Tuberculosis Infection.

Unlabelled: The main role in the control of tuberculosis infection is played by macrophages and Th1 and CD8+ T cells. The study aimed to identify the most diagnostically significant CD8+ T cell subsets in tuberculosis patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with clinical, radiological, and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB, n = 32) and healthy subjects (HC, n = 31) were collected and analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry.

[Digital PCR as a Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Tool: A Review].

Digital PCR (dPCR) is a nucleic acid quantification method that is widely used in genetic analysis. One of the most significant advantages of dPCR over other methods is the possibility of absolute quantitative determination of genetic material without construction of calibration curves, which allows one to detect even single molecules of nucleic acids, and, hence, provides early diagnosis of diseases. One specific characteristic of dPCR is the detection of the analyzed biological object in each microreaction, followed by the presentation of the analysis results in a binary system, thereby giving the method its name.

Correlation between the Chemiluminescent Activity of Neutrophilic Granulocytes and the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Gastric Cancer Associated with Infection.

Aim: To study the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes depending on the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with gastric cancer associated with infection, depending on the stage.

Materials And Methods: A total of 39 patients with stage I-II gastric cancer and 30 patients with stage III-IV gastric cancer were examined. A study of the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was carried out and the parameters of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant protection in plasma were determined using the spectrophotometric method.

Genetic markers of children asthma: predisposition to disease course variants.

Asthma is a heterogeneous and often difficult to treat condition that results in a disproportionate cost to healthcare systems. Children with severe asthma are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including medication-related side effects, life-threatening exacerbations, and impaired quality of life. An important therapeutic focus is to achieve disease control, which is supposed to involve a personalized approach to treatment of asthma of any severity.

Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Corrects NK Cell Phenotype and Functional Activity in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome.

Post-COVID syndrome develops in 10-20% of people who have recovered from COVID-19 and it is characterized by impaired function of the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Previously, it was found that patients who recovered from infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus had a decrease in the number and functional activity of NK cells. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) administered to correct NK cell phenotype and functional activity in patients with post-COVID syndrome.

The structure of adolescent mental health problems: The role of effortful control and school safety.

Introduction: Adolescent mental health problems are widespread; however, there are still very few data on risk and protective factors for general and specific psychopathology. This study examined the structure of common mental health problems in Russian adolescents and the associations of temperamental effortful control and perceived school safety to the latent factors of adolescent mental health, taking age and gender into account.

Methods: Data were collected on 1850 adolescents (53% female) aged 12-18 using the self-report Eurasian Child Mental Health Study questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the abbreviated Effortful Control scale of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised.

Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations.

Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level.

[Oxytocin genetic pathway (CD38) and SDQ psychosocial characteristics in adolescent schoolchildren].

Objective: To determine an effect of CD38 on the regulation of oxytocin (OT) production and to identify psychosocial characteristics according to the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in adolescent schoolchildren.

Material And Methods: The study included 308 adolescents, aged 11-18 years, of an unbiased school sample from three large cities of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, =194; Abakan, =76; Kyzyl, =38). All participants were Russian.

Features of Peripheral Blood Th-Cell Subset Composition and Serum Cytokine Level in Patients with Activity-Driven Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Th cells may exhibit pathological activity depending on the regulatory and functional signals sensed under a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The relationship between Th cells and cytokines is important for diagnoses and for determining treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Th-cell subset composition and serum cytokine profile for patients with activity-driven AS.

[Effect of the elimination diet in psoriasis: a clinical case].

Psoriasis (PS) is a multifactorial disease with a dominant role of genetic predisposition, but the questions of PS etiology and pathogenesis still remain open. The development of PS can be facilitated by environmental factors, as well as a violation of the skin barrier and immune imbalance. In the literature of recent years, an association in clinical practice between PS and atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis) has been increasingly reported.

Dynamics of Oxidative Stress in -Positive Patients with Atrophic Body Gastritis and Various Stages of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is a global health problem. The pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. This study included 198 (+) men aged 45 to 60 years old.

A Comparison of XGBoost, Random Forest, and Nomograph for the Prediction of Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: Implications of Cytokine and Immune Cell Profile.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to apply machine learning models and a nomogram to differentiate critically ill from non-critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

Methods: Clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory parameters, cytokine profile, and immune cellular data of 63 COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes were followed up until Mar 12, 2020.

TREC/KREC Levels and T and B Lymphocyte Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients at Different Stages of the Disease.

Background: T and B cell-mediated immunity can be assessed using T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and Kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) analysis, respectively, and successful implementation of this method requires evaluation of the correlation between the TREC frequencies and T cell subsets as well as KREC levels and B lymphocyte subsets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the TREC/KREC concentrations and T/B lymphocyte subsets at different stages of COVID-19.

Methods: We examined 33 patients in the acute stage of COVID-19 (including 8 patients with poor outcomes) and 33 COVID-19 survivors.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo- -controlled study to investigate the use of bacteriophages in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study investigated the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Materials and Methods 40 adult patients with сhronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were examined. All patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

[T-lymphocytes phenotypic composition of peripheral blood in patients with Graves' disease undergoing conservative therapy with thiamazole].

Background: Effective control of autoimmune inflammation in Graves' disease determines necessity to study the T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes dysfunction, as well as the level of regulatory T-cells (Treg) activation in patients with Graves' disease on thyrostatic medication, which will clarify the immunomodulatory effects of long-term thiamazole treatment serve as targets for more specific therapies.

Aim: To study the phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Graves' disease to assess the direction of immune response depending on thimazole-induced euthyroidism duration.

Materials And Methods: A single-center, cohort, continuous, open-label, controlled trial was conducted to assess the phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in women with Graves' disease on long-term thiamazole treatment.

Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties In Vitro and In Vivo Testing and the Concentration Effect.

Biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles were synthesized as a result of the cultivation of microorganisms. The distribution of nanoparticles in the body of laboratory animals and the physical properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ferrihydrite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, and the characteristic blocking temperature is 23-25 K.

Chronic optogenetic stimulation of Bergman glia leads to dysfunction of EAAT1 and Purkinje cell death, mimicking the events caused by expression of pathogenic ataxin-1.

Bergmann glia (BG) are highly specialized radial astrocytes of the cerebellar cortex, which play a key role in the uptake of synaptic glutamate via the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT1. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that in cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases reactive BG has a negative impact on neuronal function and survival through compromised EAAT activity. A family of such diseases are those caused by expansion of CAG repeats in genes of the ataxin family, resulting in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA).

[Polymorphism of the mannose-binding lectin gene in the Arctic indigenous populations of the Russian Federation].

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognizing acute-phase protein of the innate immunity system actively involved in the elimination of a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms by activating the lectin pathway of the complement system. A significant part of the human population has a congenitally low production level and/or low MBL activity due to the carriage of various MBL2 variants, which can modify the course of a wide range of infectious diseases. The genotype and haplotype frequencies of the MBL2 polymorphisms have significant population differences.

[The comparative analysis of the spectrum of sensitization to food, pollen and fungal allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis].

The relevance of the study of psoriatic disease is due to the insufficient effectiveness of existing etiotropic and pathogenetic methods of treatment, which confirms the necessity to search for new approaches in the research of psoriasis, including those from the standpoint of etiopathogenesis. In the literature, there is information about the combination of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, which does not exclude a commonality of the causes and mechanisms leading to damage to the skin. of the work was to study and conduct a comparative analysis of the sensitization spectrum of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis to food, pollen and fungal allergens.

A noninvasive and qualitative bioluminescent assay for express diagnostics of athletes' responses to physical exertion.

Upcoming professional sports authorities seek rapid noninvasive biosensing tools for regular monitoring of athletes' physiological states. The analysis of saliva through luminescence-based biosensors has been perceived as a suitable candidate for such purposes. The present study reports a qualitative bioluminescence assay based on a coupled enzyme system that consists of bacterial luciferase (BLuc) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH):flavin mononucleotide (FMN) oxidoreductase (Red), BLuc-Red, for the express diagnostics of athletes' stress levels before and after physical exertion.