Occult breast cancer in a female with benign lesions.

Occult breast cancer is a carcinoma discovered by the presence of axillary lymph node metastases without the detection of the primary breast tumor. The incidence of this very rare pathology is 0.3%-1.

Radiographic/MR Imaging Correlation of Spinal Bony Outlines.

The human spine is a highly specialized structure that protects the neuraxis and supports the body during movement, but its complex structure is a challenge for imaging. Radiographs can provide fine bony detail, but lack soft tissue definition and can be complicated by overlying structures. MR imaging allow(s) excellent soft tissue contrast, but some bony abnormalities can be difficult to discern.

Gallbladder and small bowel metastasis of regressive melanoma: a case report.

Malignant melanoma development in gastrointestinal (GI) tract may be primary or secondary. Although small bowel, colon and stomach represent common GI sites affected from metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma (cMM), more than 90% of the cases are identified only during autoptic examinations. Therefore, the diagnosis in a living patient of gallbladder metastasis from cMM is considered extremely rare.

Computed Tomography and MR Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is supported by imaging findings. MR imaging, in particular, can allow an early diagnosis to determine a target therapy that can stop or at least slow the disease progression.

Analysis of size and shape differences between ancient and present-day Italian crania using metrics and geometric morphometrics based on multislice computed tomography.

The Museum of Human Anatomy in Naples houses a collection of ancient Graeco-Roman crania. The aim of this study was to use multislice computed tomography (MSCT) to evaluate and objectively quantify potential differences in cranial dimensions and shapes between ancient Graeco-Roman crania ( = 36) and modern-day southern Italian crania ( = 35) and then to characterize the cranial changes occurring over more than 2000 years, known as secular change. The authors used traditional metric criteria and morphometric geometry to compare shape differences between the sets of crania.

The role of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in musculoskeletal diseases.

Ultrasonography (US) is a readily available non-invasive tool useful for the detection of musculoskeletal and soft tissue masses. Although X-Ray is often the first imaging study for evaluating both bone and soft tissue lesions, and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are mandatory in lesions staging, US is increasingly used for the early assessment of musculoskeletal and soft-tissue masses and for guiding procedures and biopsies. Surgical biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is needed to ascertain the nature of any lesion.

Cone beam computed tomography for dental and maxillofacial imaging: technique improvement and low-dose protocols.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate images quality and radiation doses of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for dental and maxillofacial imaging testing five different acquisition protocols.

Methods: Dose measurements of different acquisition protocols were calculated for Pax Zenith three-dimensional (3D) Cone Beam (Vatech, Korea) and for conventional orthopantomography (OPT) and cephalometric skull imaging Ortophos (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany). The absorbed organ doses were measured using an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with thermoluminescent dosimeters at 58 sites related to sensitive organs.

Nandrolone decanoate interferes with testosterone biosynthesis altering blood-testis barrier components.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) use affects testosterone production and testicular morphology in a model of trained and sedentary mice. A group of mice underwent endurance training while another set led a sedentary lifestyle and were freely mobile within cages. All experimental groups were treated with either ND or peanut oil at different doses for 6 weeks.

A comprehensive review of pulsed radiofrequency in the treatment of pain associated with different spinal conditions.

Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of pain associated with different spinal conditions. The mechanisms of action and biological effects are shortly discussed to provide the scientific basis for this radiofrequency modality.

Methods: We systematically searched for clinical studies on spinal clinical conditions using PRF.

Spontaneous diaphragmatic hernia with bowel perforation complicated by tension hydropneumothorax.

In this case report, we describe a rare case of spontaneous diaphragmatic hernia with perforation of the incarcerated ascending colon and subsequent formation of tension pneumothorax. A 73-year-old male with a past medical history of chronic right pleural effusion, restrictive ventilatory impairment and hypertension presented to us for evaluation of severe right chest pain of few days' duration and severe dyspnoea. The chest radiograph revealed the presence of a loop of bowel in the basal right hemithorax with associated air/fluid levels.

Persistent Haglund's disease after conventional treatments: the innovative role of radiotherapy.

Haglund's disease, an inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa and a bone enlargement on the back of the heel, is a painful syndrome mainly caused by the exostotic prominence of the posterior calcaneus. Conventional treatment consists of rest, shoewear modification, medical therapy and, in selected cases, surgery. We report the case of a 59-year-old male with a history of severe atraumatic monolateral heel pain treated with foot orthotics, rest and surgery with partial regression of symptoms.

Effects of Nandrolone Stimulation on Testosterone Biosynthesis in Leydig Cells.

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are among the drugs most used by athletes for improving physical performance, as well as for aesthetic purposes. A number of papers have showed the side effects of AAS in different organs and tissues. For example, AAS are known to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Recommendations of the ESSR Arthritis Subcommittee for the Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Musculoskeletal Rheumatic Diseases.

This article presents the recommendations of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology Arthritis Subcommittee regarding the standards of the use of MRI in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases. The recommendations discuss (1) the role of MRI in current classification criteria of musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases (including early diagnosis of inflammation, disease follow-up, and identification of disease complications); (2) the impact of MRI on the diagnosis of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile spondyloarthritis; (3) MRI protocols for the axial and peripheral joints; (4) MRI interpretation and reporting for axial and peripheral joints; and finally, (5) methods for assessing MR images including quantitative, semiquantitative, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Aims: To evaluate the utility of a multiparametric 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study using diffusion-weighted images (DWI) for the assessment of prostate cancer before and after radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: A total of 34 patients, who received a histologic diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma, underwent MRI examination before and after local RT for the assessment of response to treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated and compared.

The RSNA Editorial Fellows: Then and Now.

Since its establishment in 1998, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Editorial Fellowship has been offering unique opportunities to radiologists from around the world who have a strong interest in radiologic journalism. For the past 16 years, the selected RSNA Editorial Fellows have learned essential processes involved in the production of Radiology and RadioGraphics by working closely with the editors, associate editors, and staff. The editorial fellowship for radiology attending physicians was renamed the RSNA William R.

Quantitative Assessment of Abdominal Aortic Calcifications Using Lateral Lumbar Radiograph, Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and Quantitative Computed Tomography of the Spine.

Abdominal aortic calcifications (AACs) represent an independent determinant of cardiovascular events and are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. To our knowledge, a comparison between lateral lumbar radiography, lateral spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in the assessment of AAC has not been performed. Our objective was to compare those methods in the detection and quantification of AAC using a simplified 8-point score system (AAC-8).

Osseointegration of Fitmore stem in total hip arthroplasty.

Currently, an increasing number of younger patients undergo total hip arthroplasty surgery. This has led to a minimal invasive approach and the use of short, bone preserving, femoral stems. In this study, we sought to evaluate osseointegration of the Fitmore stem (Zimmer, Inc; Warsaw, IN) during the first 12 mo after surgery, which reflects the biological phenomenon of osseointegration with radiographic evaluation and bone densitometry (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

Comprehensive vertebral deformity and vertebral fracture assessment in clinical practice: intra- and inter-reader agreement of a clinical workflow tool.

Study Design: Study design randomized intra- and inter-reader reproducibility study.

Objective: To evaluate reproducibility of quantitative morphometry (QM) and agreement of dichotomous fracture/no-fracture status on lateral spinal radiographs acquired during routine clinical practice using a clinical workflow tool.

Summary Of Background Data: Several recent guidelines have underlined the importance of Genant semi-quantitative scoring and selective QM to confirm and grade suspected vertebral fractures in clinical practice.

Early diagnosis of vertebral fractures.

Vertebral fractures are a common clinical entity, caused by trauma or related to osteoporosis (benign). Their recognition is especially important in the post-menopausal female population but also important is their differentiation from pathological (malignant) fractures (1). A vertebral fracture is evidenced by vertebral body deformity or reduction in vertebral body height beyond a certain threshold value in the absence of bone discontinuity.

Rehabilitation strategy in the elderly.

The population is getting older. Rehabilitation can play an essential strategic role to counteract impairments and disability which characterize the elderly. Correct rehabilitative programmes have to be approached on the functional limitation and residual abilities of elders.

Giant keloid of left buttock treated with post-excisional radiotherapy.

Keloids are defined as excessive scar tissue formation extending beyond the area of the original skin injury and occurring in predisposed individuals. While no single treatment has proven widely effective, several series report excellent outcomes for keloids with post-surgery radiation therapy as described in the literature. We present a patient with recurrent giant keloid of left buttock after several surgical removals, that at physical examination shows the size of 40×22×10 cm in the largest dimension.

Botulinum toxin type A in the healing of a chronic buttock ulcer in a patient with spastic paraplegia after spinal cord injury.

Background: Pressure sores are a significant secondary complication in spinal cord injured patients. A new indication for botulinum toxin type A is described here, in treatment of recurrent muscular spasms that had hampered the healing of a chronic buttock ulcer in a subject with severe spastic paraplegia.

Case Report: A 27-year-old man with spastic paraplegia following traumatic spinal cord lesion at the thoracic level had developed recurrent severe muscular spasms, particularly involving the buttock region, with an Ashworth scale score of 3-4 and a Spasm Frequency Scale of grade 4.

Functional outcome and health status of injured patients with peripheral nerve lesions.

Background: Peripheral nerve lesions (PNLs) can complicate the clinical course and outcome of multiply injured patients. Since this often impedes recovery, it can be a significant burden for both patients and clinicians. The objective of the present study was to investigate the long-term outcome and health status of patients with PNL.