111 results match your criteria: "Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele[Affiliation]"
A Machine Learning Approach for the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer and Vascular Dementia Fed by MRI Selected Features.
Front Neuroinform
June 2020
NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- * This study evaluated various ML algorithms—Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)—to effectively classify AD and VD using MRI data from 60 subjects.
- * ANFIS proved to be the most effective at distinguishing between AD and VD, achieving over 84% classification accuracy, and successfully predicted disease prevalence in patients with mixed profiles, reaching a prediction accuracy of 77.33%.
Transcatheter embolization with Squid, combined with other embolic agents or alone, in different abdominal diseases: a single-center experience in 30 patients.
CVIR Endovasc
February 2019
Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Squid, an EVOH-based liquid embolic agent, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in treating various abdominal diseases using two formulations (Squid-18 and Squid-12) in 30 patients.
- The study achieved a technical success rate of 90% and a clinical success rate of 93.3%, with no major complications reported.
- Squid demonstrated effective embolization either alone or combined with other agents, but more extensive studies are needed to confirm these findings across a larger patient population.
Specific Patterns of White Matter Alterations Help Distinguishing Alzheimer's and Vascular Dementia.
Front Neurosci
April 2018
Department of Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) make up most dementia cases, and distinguishing between them can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms and white matter lesions.
- A study analyzed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 93 subjects to identify specific white matter changes in AD and VaD compared to healthy controls, revealing distinct patterns of brain alteration for each type of dementia.
- Findings indicated that the parahippocampal tracts are mainly affected in AD, while VaD shows greater white matter damage, particularly in the genu of the corpus callosum; this information could aid in improving diagnoses and understanding dementia's underlying causes.
Subcutaneous interferon β-1a in the treatment of clinically isolated syndromes: 3-year and 5-year results of the phase III dosing frequency-blind multicentre REFLEXION study.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
April 2017
Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine, and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- Early treatment with subcutaneous interferon β-1a following a first clinical demyelinating event reduces future disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients compared to delayed treatment.
- A study involving patients who completed the REFLEX trial showed that those who started early treatment had a lower probability of developing clinically definite MS and showed less MRI activity over 60 months.
- Both treatment regimens were well tolerated, with early treatment resulting in fewer patients developing antibodies against the medication.
Association of Vitamin D Levels With Multiple Sclerosis Activity and Progression in Patients Receiving Interferon Beta-1b.
JAMA Neurol
December 2015
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts15Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Article Synopsis
- - Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) are linked to a higher risk and worse progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in individuals with clinically isolated syndromes and early MS.
- - The study examined the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and disease course in 1,482 patients with relapsing-remitting MS receiving interferon beta-1b, involving regular monitoring over a two-year period.
- - Results indicated that lower average levels of 25(OH)D were associated with an increased number of new active lesions in the brain, indicating a detrimental effect on MS progression and disease activity.
Hepatic steatosis after islet transplantation: Can ultrasound predict the clinical outcome? A longitudinal study in 108 patients.
Pharmacol Res
August 2015
Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute S. Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Percutaneous intra-portal islet transplantation (PIPIT) is a less invasive, safer, and repeatable therapeutic option for brittle type 1 diabetes, compared to surgical pancreas transplantation. Hepatic steatosis is a consequence of the islet engraftment but it is curiously present in a limited number of patients and its meaning is controversial. The aims of this study were to assess hepatic steatosis at ultrasound (US) after PIPIT investigating its relationship with graft function and its role in predicting the clinical outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomatic extraction of three-dimensional thoracic aorta geometric model from phase contrast MRI for morphometric and hemodynamic characterization.
Magn Reson Med
February 2016
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, Segrate (MI), Italy.
Article Synopsis
- A new method was developed to automatically extract a 3D geometric model of the thoracic aorta from 3D cine phase contrast MRI (PCMRI) images.
- The method involves two steps: using a segmentation algorithm based on Level Set to identify the aorta and creating a 3D model represented by a surface mesh and centerline.
- Results showed high accuracy in segmentation, with excellent agreement between manual and automatic contours, and consistent 3D models across different datasets, making the method effective for further aortic studies.
Optimizing contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging characterization of brain metastases: relevance to stereotactic radiosurgery.
Neurosurgery
May 2013
Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute H. S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Intracranial metastases are the most common form of intra-axial brain tumor. Management approaches to brain metastases include surgical resection, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The management approach that is selected is based typically on algorithms that incorporate the number, size, and location of lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMRI outcomes with cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis in the CLARITY study.
J Neurol
April 2013
Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - The CLARITY study, a 96-week double-blind trial, showed that cladribine tablets significantly improved MRI outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to placebo.
- - Patients taking cladribine had markedly lower numbers of active lesions (T1 Gd+, active T2, and combined unique lesions) at the study's end, with around 87-91% free of T1 Gd+ lesions versus only 48% in the placebo group, all with p-values less than 0.001.
- - The results indicated that both doses of cladribine were effective across various patient groups, leading to clinically meaningful reductions in disease activity and a higher
Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads preloaded with irinotecan as a first-line approach in uveal melanoma liver metastases: tumor response and predictive value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in five patients.
J Vasc Interv Radiol
July 2012
Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Five patients with uveal melanoma that had spread to the liver were treated with a new method called transarterial chemoembolization using irinotecan-loaded beads.
- The treatment showed an 80% success rate based on established evaluation criteria, and all patients survived for an average of 10.6 to 16.3 months after treatment.
- Lesions that responded to the treatment had significantly lower diffusion coefficient values on MRI, indicating a potential area for further research with larger patient groups.
Cerebral neoplastic enhancing lesions: multicenter, randomized, crossover intraindividual comparison between gadobutrol (1.0M) and gadoterate meglumine (0.5M) at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight in a clinical setting.
Eur J Radiol
January 2013
Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- A clinical study was conducted to compare two macrocyclic extracellular contrast agents, gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine, in MRI procedures involving 136 patients.
- Results indicated a significant preference for gadobutrol over gadoterate meglumine in overall diagnostic quality, particularly in lesion enhancement and contrast.
- The study concluded that gadobutrol is more effective for contrast-enhanced MRI of neoplastic brain lesions, demonstrating higher qualitative and quantitative advantages compared to gadoterate meglumine.
MR angiography follow-up of aneurysms treated with coils: is there a need for the use of gadolinium?
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
September 2009
Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Multiple BM harvests in pediatric donors for thalassemic siblings: safety, efficacy and ethical issues.
Bone Marrow Transplant
September 2008
Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Scientific Institute H S Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * In a study involving seven healthy pediatric donors, donors safely underwent multiple bone marrow harvests to provide support for their beta-thalassemic siblings, either for two affected siblings or for the same sibling after initial rejection.
- * The study found that all donors tolerated the procedures well, without significant side effects, and that both bone marrow harvests yielded similar cell amounts and engraftment times, indicating that a second donation from pediatric donors is safe and effective when there is a strong need for it.
Protein S deficiency.
Haematologica
April 2008
Servizio di Coagulazione ed Unità Ricerca Trombosi, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Biological cost of hypermutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Microbiology (Reading)
May 2007
Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, Scientific Institute H. S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * Out of 39 strains collected, 7 hypermutable strains were isolated, with genetic analysis revealing novel mutations in key genes related to DNA repair.
- * In competition experiments, wild-type strains consistently outperformed hypermutable strains both in lab settings and in a mouse model, indicating that hypermutation may come with a biological cost that hinders their ability to cause infections.
Evaluation of the clinical performances of a large NaI(Tl) crystal 3D PET scanner.
Q J Nucl Med
June 2003
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute H. S. Raffaele, University of Milano-Bicocca, IBFM-CNR, Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the clinical performance of a 3D NaI(Tl) crystal PET scanner (C-PET) by comparing it to a multi-ring 2D BGO PET scanner among 37 oncological patients.
- Patients were grouped based on count rates during scans, with Group A (recommended range) showing the highest sensitivity in lesion detection while Group C (high count rate) showed significantly lower sensitivity.
- Results indicate that C-PET performs optimally within or below the recommended count range, and while high count rates can reduce sensitivity, it remains comparable to the multi-ring PET scanner in detecting hypermetabolic lesions.
Double-edged effect of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes on viral expression in an in vitro model of HIV-1/mycobacteria co-infection.
Eur J Immunol
January 2003
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Scientific Institute H. S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- There is a reciprocal relationship between mycobacteria and HIV, where individuals with HIV are more prone to mycobacterial infections, and those infections can speed up HIV disease progression.* -
- Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes play a key role in fighting mycobacterial infections by killing infected cells and releasing cytokines like TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, which can also promote HIV replication.* -
- An in vitro study showed that the activation of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells leads to both U1 cell death and increased HIV expression, with the outcomes influenced by mycobacterial antigen levels and cytokine production, as these T cells may become less effective during chronic HIV infection
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).
Eur J Ophthalmol
March 2017
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, University of M.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate how effective optical coherence tomography (OCT) is in diagnosing retinal angiomatous proliferations (RAP) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- Researchers took OCT scans of 41 eyes from 39 patients, comparing the results with existing documentation from fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGA).
- Results showed that OCT successfully detected RAP in all eyes and provided valuable information regarding the condition's localization and associated complications, highlighting its usefulness alongside traditional imaging methods.
Early fractures and occult hyperthyroidism: McCune-Albright syndrome?
Horm Res
April 2002
Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare condition marked by abnormal bone growth, skin spots, and hormone imbalances, primarily affecting children.
- - A case study of a 2.5-year-old child revealed MAS with an unusual early onset, presenting mostly with frequent fractures and a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, despite lacking typical symptoms.
- - Currently, there is no established treatment for managing bone and thyroid issues in children with MAS who are under 6 years old, and it's uncertain how thyroid problems relate to the severity of bone conditions.
Implementation and evaluation of a 3D one-step late reconstruction algorithm for 3D positron emission tomography brain studies using median root prior.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
January 2002
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute H.S.Raffaele, University of Milano-Bicocca, INB-CNR, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- A new 3D reconstruction algorithm called the median root prior (MRP) was developed to improve the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) scans.
- The MRP algorithm utilizes an ordered subsets scheme for faster convergence and better data updates during processing.
- Testing showed that MRP consistently performed well, especially in reducing noise and preserving image details, often outpacing existing methods like OSEM and 3DRP in various experimental setups.
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute transverse myelopathy. The role of neuroradiological investigations and review of the literature.
Neurol Sci
November 2001
Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Acute transverse myelopathy (ATM) is a clinical definition of an acute neurologic condition that reflects impairment of spinal cord function. The term "myelopathy" has a different meaning from "myelitis", even if the words are often confused. Both terms indicate spinal cord involvement by some pathological event; but while myelopathy does not imply any etiological factor, myelitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-demyelinating optic neuropathy: clinical entities.
Neurol Sci
November 2001
Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy.
Alternative causes of optic neuritis (ON), other than primary demyelination or non-demyelinating optic neuropathies which can mimic acute ON, should be rigorously considered if a patient with presumed ON does not follow the typical clinical course or has a normally appearing brain on magnetic resonance imaging. A thorough differential diagnosis includes viral and bacterial optic neuropathies, ischemic optic neuropathies, Devic's neuromyelitis optica, compressive or infiltrative optic neuropathies, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and toxic and deficiency optic neuropathies. All patients should undergo a complete neuroophthalmological examination to help exclude other diseases mimicking ON.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHighly active antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected children show fat distribution changes even in absence of lipodystrophy.
AIDS
December 2001
Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Background: Combined use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a precise estimate of regional body composition and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT). Data on body composition in HIV-infected children (HIV+) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with (LD+) and without (LD-) lipodystrophy are lacking.
Methods: DXA scans were performed in 34 HIV+: six LD+, 28 LD- and 34 pair-matched (age, sex and body mass index) healthy controls (HC): six for LD+ (HC+) and 28 for LD- (HC-).
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac in human plasma after solid-phase extraction.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl
November 2001
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele and School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantification of diclofenac in human plasma was set up. Samples, added with ibuprofen (used as internal standard) were purified by solid-phase extraction using Abselut Nexus cartridges (Varian) not requiring pre-conditioning. Drugs of interest were eluted directly into the autosampler vials and injected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone mineral loss through increased bone turnover in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
AIDS
September 2001
Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute H. S. Raffaele, Italy.
Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence and define the aetiology of osteopenia in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) of total body and lumbar spine (L2-L4) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 40 children vertically infected with HIV: 35 taking HAART and five naive to any antiretroviral treatment (untreated). Six HAART-treated children showed clinical evidence of lipodystrophy.