Lung microbiome and origins of the respiratory diseases.

The studies on the composition of the human microbiomes in healthy individuals, its variability in the course of inflammation, infection, antibiotic therapy, diets and different pathological conditions have revealed their intra and inter-kingdom relationships. The lung microbiome comprises of major species members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, which are distributed in ecological niches along nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea and in the lungs. Commensal and pathogenic species are maintained in equilibrium as they have strong relationships.

Spiritual Experiences of Portuguese Women Who had a Water Birth.

This study aimed to understand the significance of spirituality to Portuguese women who had a water birth. In-depth interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were conducted with 24 women who experienced water birth at the hospital or home. Results were analyzed from a narrative interpretation perspective.

Meanings and perceptions of women regarding the practice of yoga in pregnancy: A qualitative study.

Background And Purpose: Considering that pregnancy triggers profound transformations in the life experience of women, among them the need to adapt to a body in a constant process of physiological, psychic, social and emotional change, it is important to identify to what extent yoga can contribute to this process. For this reason, the present study aimed to comprehend the meanings and perceptions of women regarding the practice of yoga during pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative and descriptive study was carried out with nine women at different gestational ages who were practicing yoga in places with alternative and integrative therapies for pregnant women located in São Paulo, Brazil.

Contraceptive discontinuation: frequency and associated factors among undergraduate women in Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, high contraceptive prevalence rates coexist with high rates of unintended pregnancies. Contraceptive discontinuation may explain this context, but few studies have focused on highly educated young women in countries with low unmet need for modern contraception. This paper explores frequency and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation among undergraduate students in Brazil within 12-months.

Contraceptive discontinuation and its relation to emergency contraception use among undergraduate women in Brazil.

Objective: This paper examines the factors related to emergency contraception (EC) use in the context of contraceptive discontinuation among undergraduate women in Brazil.

Study Design: This a retrospective cohort study conducted among a probability sample of 1679 undergraduate women in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected online using a contraceptive calendar.

Lifestyle Patterns as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Late-life Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review Regarding Dementia Prevention.

Background: Dementias due to neurodegenerative disorders and more specifically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most frequent of all diseases within the industrialized world. Besides this alarming fact, it is noted too that almost three-quarter of people with AD reside in low or middle- income nations. In recent years, cognitive and behavioral neuroscientists have focused on a possible correlation between environmental agents and genetic risk factors for these dementias.

Functional performance comparison between real and virtual tasks in older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Ageing is usually accompanied by deterioration of physical abilities, such as muscular strength, sensory sensitivity, and functional capacity, making chronic diseases, and the well-being of older adults new challenges to global public health.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a task practiced in a virtual environment could promote better performance and enable transfer to the same task in a real environment.

Method: The study evaluated 65 older adults of both genders, aged 60 to 82 years (M = 69.

The Waterbirth Project: São Bernardo Hospital experience.

Introduction: The following quantitative observational study aimed to analyse the maternal and neonatal outcomes of 90 low-risk pregnant women who gave birth in water at São Bernardo Hospital.

Methods: A form containing information on the obstetric history of the parturient, the type of immersion, and the labour and birth follow-up was used by midwives to collect the data.

Background: The Apgar score (at 1min after birth) used in this study, called Aqua Apgar, was adapted by Cornelia Enning.

Report on the midwives' experiences in the Brazilian National Health System: A qualitative research.

Objective: to describe the experiences of midwives who graduated from the University of São Paulo's midwifery program and the characteristics of their work within the Brazilian National Health System (SUS).

Design: a descriptive, qualitative field study.

Setting: interviews were scheduled by telephone or e-mail and were held with the midwives outside their work environment.

Effects of a psychoeducational intervention in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Psychoeducational activities are a way of promoting help for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, representing a forum for knowledge sharing, and in which the primary focus is on psychological themes aimed at carers developing coping skills and strategies.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to gauge perceptions about care and its impact among family caregivers of patients with AD participating in a psychoeducational group intervention, as well as the possible positive and negative aspects associated with this role. The subjective impact of AD on the lives of these caregivers was assessed on each of the dimensions of the Caregiver Burden Scale using a semi-directed interview on perceptions about care.

Subjective and psychological well-being of students of a University of the Third Age: Benefits of continuing education for psychological adjustment in the elderly.

Objectives: The present study sought to characterize the degree of general satisfaction with life and degree of satisfaction on four domains: health, physical capacity, mental capacity and social involvement, and to determine the characteristics of self-reports of individuals enrolled on the program in relation to their psychological well-being focusing on the dimensions: autonomy, personal growth, control, positive relationships with others, purpose, personal acceptance and generativity, and to analyse the effect of time studying on level of well-being.

Method: A total of 140 elderly students of a University for the Third Age took part in the study. The Global Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Self Development Scale (with six psychological well-being subscales) were applied.

Cognitive, functional and behavioral assessment: Alzheimer's disease.

A review of the evidence on cognitive, functional and behavioral assessment for the diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is presented with revision and broadening of the recommendations on the use of tests and batteries in Brazil for the diagnosis of dementia due to AD. A systematic review of the literature (MEDLINE, LILACS and SCIELO database) was carried out by a panel of experts. Studies on the validation and/or adaptation of tests, scales and batteries for the Brazilian population were analyzed and classified according to level of evidence.

Elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and their family relationships: Caregiver perspectives.

Objective: The present study was to investigate the status of the family relationships of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease from a caregiver's perspective.

Methods: A total of sixteen relatives/caregivers of AD patients were assessed by applying a semi-structured questionnaire about family relationships. Frequency tables containing categorical variables (gender, schooling, personal income and current occupation) were compiled.

Depressive symptoms in elderly participants of an open university for elderly.

Unlabelled: Although the prevalence of depressive disorders among the elderly is lower than among the younger population, the presence of significant symptoms of depression is common in this group. Studies report that participation in social, educational and leisure activities is related to fewer depressive symptoms in this population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression among elderly participants of an Open University for the Third Age, in terms of the time studying.

Exercise of essential competencies for midwifery care by nurses in São Paulo, Brazil.

Unlabelled: GENERAL OBJECTIVE: to analyse the exercise of essential competencies for midwifery care by nurses and/or midwives in the public health system of São Paulo (eastern zone), Brazil.

Specific Objectives: to develop a profile of the public health institutions and of the nurses and/or midwives who care for women before, during and following childbirth; to identify the activities performed in providing such care, as well as their frequency; and to specify the possible obstacles or difficulties encountered by them when exercising their competencies.

Design: a descriptive and exploratory research design, using a quantitative approach.