Elevation of ganglioside degradation pathway drives GM2 and GM3 within amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that accounts for two-thirds of all dementia cases, and age is the strongest risk factor. In addition to the amyloid hypothesis, lipid dysregulation is now recognized as a core component of AD pathology. Gangliosides are a class of membrane lipids of the glycosphingolipid family and are enriched in the central nervous system (CNS).

A rare pediatric case of type III congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A case report.

Introduction: This case report presents a rare occurrence of Type III Congenital Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia (CPEHH) with Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) in a 28-day-old neonate. However, this unusual combination poses significant diagnostic and surgical challenges.

Presentation Of Case: A 28-day-old male presented with respiratory distress and persistent vomiting.

Analytical review of facial nerve palsy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: comprehensive assessment.

Purpose: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has reduced COVID-19 infection, though facial nerve palsy (FNP) has emerged as a notable side effect of the vaccine. We evaluated the current literature on the clinical presentation and outcomes of FNP related to COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted for studies up to January 2023.

Brief Report:Availability of and Interest in Gender-Affirming Care, PrEP, and HIV Prevention Services in a Global Sample of Transmasculine Persons.

Background: We assessed access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and interest in integration of PrEP with gender-affirmative care in a global sample of transmasculine persons.

Methods: Transmasculine persons (N = 590) aged 18 years and above from 57 countries completed a brief online survey from April to July 2022 about sexual behavior, knowledge, and interest in PrEP, current access to PrEP and gender-affirmative care, and preferred context for accessing PrEP. Descriptive analyses were stratified by country income group.

Bi-Hormonal Endocrine Cell Presence Within the Islets of Langerhans of the Human Pancreas Throughout Life.

Bi-hormonal islet endocrine cells have been proposed to represent an intermediate state of cellular transdifferentiation, enabling an increase in beta-cell mass in response to severe metabolic stress. Beta-cell plasticity and regenerative capacity are thought to decrease with age. We investigated the ontogeny of bi-hormonal islet endocrine cell populations throughout the human lifespan.

Fractional flow reserve measurement using dynamic CT perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease.

Purposes: The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel CT dynamic angiographic imaging (CT-DAI) algorithm for rapid fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 14 patients (age 58.5 ± 10.

Development of a Novel Intraperitoneal Icodextrin/Dextrose Solution for Enhanced Sodium Removal.

Rationale & Objective: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions provide both clearance of uremic toxins and sodium and water. An intraperitoneal (IP) solution of icodextrin and glucose designed without the requirement for uremic toxin clearance could provide substantially greater sodium and water removal than PD solutions.

Study Design: We examined varying concentrations of icodextrin and dextrose IP solutions in rats.

Pannexin 1 crosstalk with the Hippo pathway in malignant melanoma.

In this study, we explored the intricate relationship between Pannexin 1 (PANX1) and the Hippo signaling pathway effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed a significant positive correlation between PANX1 mRNA and core Hippo components, Yes-associated protein 1 [YAP], Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif [TAZ], and Hippo scaffold, Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 [IQGAP1], in invasive cutaneous melanoma and breast carcinoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PANX1 expression is upregulated in invasive melanoma cell lines and is associated with increased YAP protein levels.

Neurogastroenterology and motility disorders in patients with cirrhosis.

Neurogastroenterology and motility disorders are complex gastrointestinal conditions that are prevalent worldwide, particularly affecting women and younger individuals. These conditions significantly impact the quality of life of people suffering from them. There is increasing evidence linking these disorders to cirrhosis, with a higher prevalence compared to the general population.

Association between recorded physical activity and cancer progression or mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer in South Africa.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer.

Methods: We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events.

CAR/CSAR Practice Statement on Pelvic MRI for Endometriosis.

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Endometriosis Working Group was tasked with providing guidance and benchmarks to ensure the quality of technique and interpretation for advanced imaging modalities associated with diagnosing endometriosis. Advanced pelvic ultrasound is essential in diagnosing and mapping pelvic endometriosis, but pelvic MRI serves as an excellent imaging tool in instances where access to advanced ultrasound is limited, or an alternative imaging modality is required. Despite the known utility of MRI for endometriosis, there is no consensus on imaging protocol and patient preparation in Canada.

Spike frequency adaptation in primate lateral prefrontal cortex neurons results from interplay between intrinsic properties and circuit dynamics.

Cortical neurons in brain slices display intrinsic spike frequency adaptation (I-SFA) to constant current inputs, while extracellular recordings show extrinsic SFA (E-SFA) during sustained visual stimulation. Inferring how I-SFA contributes to E-SFA during behavior is challenging due to the isolated nature of slice recordings. To address this, we recorded macaque lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) neurons in vivo during a visually guided saccade task and in vitro in brain slices.

Prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles dynamically encode task features during associative memory and virtual navigation.

Neuronal populations expand their information-encoding capacity using mixed selective neurons. This is particularly prominent in association areas such as the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), which integrate information from multiple sensory systems. However, during conditions that approximate natural behaviors, it is unclear how LPFC neuronal ensembles process space- and time-varying information about task features.

Protocol for generating and characterizing a nasal epithelial model using imaging with application for respiratory viruses.

Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture can differentiate airway epithelial cells to recapitulate the respiratory tract in vitro. Here, we present a protocol for isolating and culturing nasal epithelial cells from turbinate tissues for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We describe steps to overcome challenges of imaging fragile cultures, detect the production of mucus, and quantify intracellular virus post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Age- and Sex-Based Developmental Biomarkers in Eye Movements.

Background: Eye movement research serves as a critical tool for assessing brain function, diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders, and understanding cognition and behavior. Sex differences have largely been under reported or ignored in neurological research. However, eye movement features provide biomarkers that are useful for disease classification with superior accuracy and robustness compared to previous classifiers for neurological diseases.

Why do primates have view cells instead of place cells?

Hippocampal place cells that encode the spatial location of an individual during navigation are widely reported in rodents. However, studies in primates have instead reported hippocampal cells that encode views of the environment. Evolutionary adaptations for navigating during night and day may explain the divergence of hippocampal representations between species.

The overlooked role of microbiota-gut-brain communication in child psychiatry: a call for integration in early intervention strategies.

Emerging research has highlighted the significant role of microbiota-gut-brain communication in child psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders. Despite this, mainstream psychiatric interventions for children continue to focus predominantly on neurological and psychological therapies, neglecting the critical influence of gut microbiota on brain development and behavior. This commentary underscores the need for greater integration of microbiota-targeted therapies, such as dietary interventions, prebiotics, and probiotics, into early psychiatric intervention strategies.

Chronic nicotine exposure induces molecular and transcriptomic endophenotypes associated with mood and anxiety disorders in a cerebral organoid neurodevelopmental model.

Introduction: Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) from maternal smoking disrupts regulatory processes vital to fetal development. These changes result in long-term behavioral impairments, including mood and anxiety disorders, that manifest later in life. However, the relationship underlying PNE, and the underpinnings of mood and anxiety molecular and transcriptomic phenotypes remains elusive.

Identifying the factors affecting quality of life among brucellosis patients in Herat, Afghanistan: a case-control study.

Brucellosis remains a significant public health concern, especially in regions like the Mediterranean and Afghanistan. While its direct health effects are well-documented, its impact on quality of life is less explored. This study investigated the risk factors and quality of life effects of brucellosis in Herat, Afghanistan.

Aberrant controllability of functional connectome during working memory tasks in patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings.

Background: Working memory deficit, a key feature of schizophrenia, is a heritable trait shared with unaffected siblings. It can be attributed to dysregulation in transitions from one brain state to another.

Aims: Using network control theory, we evaluate if defective brain state transitions underlie working memory deficits in schizophrenia.

High Intensity Physician-Based Service Use for Mental Health Concerns in a General-Population Sample of Children and Youth: Utilisation des services de haute intensité dispensés par des médecins pour les problèmes de santé mentale dans un échantillon d'enfants et de jeunes de la population générale.

Objective: To examine factors associated with high intensity physician-based mental health care services in a population-based sample of children and youth in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) were linked at the person-level to longitudinal health administrative databases containing physician contacts in outpatient settings, emergency departments and hospitals. Our analytical sample (15.

User Experience of a Semi-Immersive Musical Serious Game to Stimulate Cognitive Functions in Hospitalized Older Patients: Questionnaire Study.

Background: Reminiscence therapy through music is a psychosocial intervention with benefits for older patients with neurocognitive disorders. Therapies using virtual or augmented reality are efficient in ecologically assessing, and eventually training, episodic memory in older populations. We designed a semi-immersive musical game called "A Life in Songs," which invites patients to immerse themselves in a past era through visuals and songs from that time period.

Impact of an Antenatal Family-based Behavioral Treatment with a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program on Infant Weight-for-length at Birth.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, including weight-for-length, are used to monitor infant size. Excessive infant weight-for-length at or above the 85th percentile is a risk for childhood overweight. Although antenatal interventions like the nutrition and exercise lifestyle intervention program (NELIP) have successfully prevented excessive gestational weight gain, strategies to improve the intervention remain of interest.