Diabetic ketoacidosis treatment outcomes and its associated factors among adult patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to public hospitals in Nekemte Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and acute complication of diabetes mellitus. In Ethiopia, the mortality associated with acute diabetes complications ranges from 9.8% to 12%.

Delirium and Cognitive Screening in National Hip Fracture Registries: Scoping Review Protocol.

Background: Delirium and cognitive impairment are common in hip fracture populations and are associated with significant adverse patient outcomes. National hip fracture registries facilitate improvements in patient outcomes and care quality, such as reduced mortality and the development of specialist multidisciplinary services. However, there is substantial variation in the data collected and reported in relation to delirium and cognition, which impedes international comparison and may reduce quality of care.

Corticosterone-induced postpartum depression induces depression-like behavior and impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent offspring via HPA axis and BDNF-mTOR pathway.

Postpartum depression (PPD) adversely affects the growth and development of the offspring, increasing the risk of various internalizing behaviorsduring adolescence. Studies have shown that corticosterone (CORT)-induced PPD affects neurogenesis in the offspring, which is closely related to the onset of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes in the offspring of PPD mothers remain unexplored.

Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy.

Objectives: Migraine, a serious neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide, is one of the most considerable burdens on the healthcare system and has significant economic implications. Even though various treatment methods are available, including medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapy, many migraine sufferers do not receive adequate relief or experience intolerable side effects. Hence, the present review aims to evaluate the nanoformulation regarding migraine therapy.

Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy: Benchmarking of Photothermal Properties and Modeling of Heating at Depth in Human Tissues.

Many different types of nanoparticles have been developed for photothermal therapy (PTT), but directly comparing their efficacy as heaters and determining how they will perform when localized at depth in tissue remains complex. To choose the optimal nanoparticle for a desired hyperthermic therapy, it is vital to understand how efficiently different nanoparticles extinguish laser light and convert that energy to heat. In this paper, we apply photothermal mass conversion efficiency (η ) as a metric to compare nanoparticles of different shapes, sizes, and conversion efficiencies.

Therapeutic potential of rutin in premenstrual depression: evidence from and studies.

Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical mood disorder that severely affects the daily life of women of reproductive age. Most of the medications being used clinically have limitations such as low efficacy, side effects, and high cost, so there is an urgent need to discover safer and more effective medications. Rutin is a natural flavonol glycoside with various pharmacological properties including antidepressant.

accelerates methicillin-resistant eradication by promoting migration and activation of neutrophils.

Background: (Lanata) is generally used to treat pustule infection in Inner Mongolia folk medicine and is called "the holy medicine for pustule." However, the pharmacological mechanism of Lanata in treating pustule infection is still unclear.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Lanata on skin infection and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Multi-target regulatory effects of rhaponticin in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis revealed by non-targeted metabolomics.

Introduction: Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a progressive chronic liver disease, is a serious threat to global public health. The lack of preventive and therapeutic strategies has created an urgent need for effective anti-fibrosis agents. There is growing evidence that natural products might provide safe and effective interventions for HF.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A: a natural pigment with potential anticancer therapeutic effect.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a natural pigment with a chalcone structure extracted from (Safflower), has been widely proven to have good efficacy on cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes. However, no study has reported on the anticancer mechanisms of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a principal bioactive compound in safflower. This review discusses recent developments in the physicochemical properties and sources, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, pharmacokinetic progress, and safety of HSYA, focusing on the involvement of HSYA in the regulation of related pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and the tumor immune microenvironment in a variety of cancers.

Epigenetic profiling for prognostic stratification and personalized therapy in breast cancer.

Background: The rising incidence of breast cancer and its heterogeneity necessitate precise tools for predicting patient prognosis and tailoring personalized treatments. Epigenetic changes play a critical role in breast cancer progression and therapy responses, providing a foundation for prognostic model development.

Methods: We developed the Machine Learning-derived Epigenetic Model (MLEM) to identify prognostic epigenetic gene patterns in breast cancer.

A systematic review of the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals and healthcare professional students towards household pharmaceutical waste disposal.

Background: Active pharmaceutical residues introduced into the environment through irresponsible household disposal of unused and expired medication can damage nature and health. Through medication take-back programmes, these risks can be mitigated. However, healthcare professionals' neglect of their responsibility to ensure proper disposal practices has perpetuated subpar norms among the public.

Evaluation of acute plant toxicity, antioxidant activity, molecular docking and bioactive compounds of lemongrass oil isolated from Omani cultivar.

Lemongrass (Poaceae) is one of the aromatic plants with strong odors. Traditionally, lemon grass oil has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as gastrointestinal cramps, high blood pressure, high body temperatures, and fatigue, and is also considered an antibacterial and anti-diarrheal agent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate volatile active constituents and a few important biological activities of the volatile oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) grown in Oman.

Stem cell status and prognostic applications of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy, remains a major challenge in adult oncology. Stem cell research has highlighted the crucial role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in regulating cellular differentiation and self-renewal processes, which are pivotal in AML pathogenesis and therapy resistance.

Methods: This study explores the relationship between cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and AML prognosis, providing novel insights into their impact on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Goal attainment, medication adherence and guideline adherence in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia in Irish populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The appropriate treatment high blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.(LDL-C), according to clinical guidelines, reduces a patient's risk of a cardiovascular event.

Aim: This systematic review aims to evaluate the attainment of BP and LDL-C goals among the Irish population in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the level of adherence to prescribing guidelines by doctors and the level of medication adherence among patients.

Optimal timing of pharmacoinvasive strategy and its impact on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a real-world perspective.

Background: The pharmacoinvasive (PhI) strategy is the standard-of-care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is unfeasible. Optimal timing for post-fibrinolytic PCI (lysis-PCI) remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical and economic impacts of early vs.

Co-Delivery of Dacarbazine and miRNA 34a Combinations to Synergistically Improve Malignant Melanoma Treatments.

Purpose: The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) has risen over the past three decades, and despite advancements in treatment, there is still a need to improve treatment modalities. This study developed a promising strategy for tumor-targeted co-delivery of Dacarbazine (DTIC) and miRNA 34a-loaded PHRD micelles (Co-PHRD) for combination treatment of MM.

Methods: To construct the dual drug-loaded delivery system Co-PHRD, poly (L-arginine)-poly (L-histidine)-polylactic acid (PLA) was employed as a building block.

Future applications of cyclic antimicrobial peptides in drug delivery.

Introduction: Cyclic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are gaining attention as promising candidates in advanced drug delivery systems due to their structural stability, resistance to proteolytic degradation, and versatile therapeutic potential. Their unique properties enable applications that extend beyond combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Their amphipathic and cell-penetrating properties allow them to efficiently transport drugs across cellular membranes.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Pongamia pinnata Derived Herbal Mouth-Dissolving Film for Treating Oral Disorders and Evaluating Its Anticancer Properties.

The present study aimed to optimize a mouth-dissolving film (MDF) made from Pongamia pinnata stem bark extract to increase patient compliance and accelerate oral disease therapy. Several stem bark extracts were prepared, and karanjin was used as an herbal marker for the extracts. The ethanolic extract showed the maximum yield (12.

House dust mites eradication treatments: Current updates emphasizing on tropical countries.

House Dust Mites (HDMs) like Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) and Blomia tropicalis (B.

Implicit bias assessment by career stage in medical education training: a narrative review.

Implicit biases involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person based on individual characteristics. Early evaluation of implicit bias in medical training can prevent long-term adverse health outcomes related to racial bias. However, to our knowledge, no present studies examine the sequential assessment of implicit bias through the different stages of medical training.

Research Progress in the Molecular Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease and Regulation by Natural Plant Products.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system in the elderly. Current understanding of AD primarily centers on the gradual decline in cognitive and memory functions, believed to be influenced by factors including mitochondrial dysfunction, β-amyloid aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Emerging research indicates that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the development of AD, with the inflammasome potentially mediating inflammatory responses that contribute to neurodegeneration.

Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin in neural progenitor cells regulates blood-brain barrier development and promotes neuroinflammation.

The central nervous system (CNS) requires specialized blood vessels to support neural function within specific microenvironments. During neurovascular development, endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for BBB development within the brain parenchyma, whereas fenestrated blood vessels that lack BBB properties do not require Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we used zebrafish to further characterize this phenotypic heterogeneity of the CNS vasculature.

PARP inhibition-associated heterochromatin confers increased DNA replication stress and vulnerability to ATR inhibition in SMARCA4-deficient cells.

DNA replication stress (RS), a prevalent feature of various malignancies, arises from both genetic mutations and genotoxic exposure. Elevated RS levels increase the vulnerability of cancer cells to ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRis). Here, we screened for DNA damage response inhibitors that enhance ATRi-induced cytotoxicity using SWI/SNF complex-deficient cells and identified a potent synergy between ATRi and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), particularly in SMARCA4-deficient cells.

Targeting ferroptosis: a promising approach for treating lung carcinoma.

Lung carcinoma incidence and fatality rates remain among the highest on a global scale. The efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is commonly compromised by the emergence of drug resistance and other factors, resulting in a lack of durable therapeutic benefits. Ferroptosis, a distinct pattern of cell death marked by the buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been shown to be a novel and potentially more effective treatment for lung carcinoma.