A Rapid and Reversible Molecular "Switch" Regulating Protein Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a prominent chassis in synthetic biology, faces limitations in regulating the expression of exogenous genes. A destabilization domain (DD)/Shield-1 system, originally derived from mammals, offers a ligand-dependent control of stability, making it a valuable tool. This system utilises the destabilization domain to induce rapid degradation of target protein unless stabilised by Shield-1, a synthetic ligand.

Amygdala-centered fusional connections characterized nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

The importance of nonmotor symptoms in understanding the pathogenesis of the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease has been highlighted. However, the validation of specific brain network biomarkers in nonmotor symptom subtypes is currently lacking. By performing a new approach to compute functional connectivity with structural prior using magnetic resonance imaging, the present study computed both functional connectivity and fusional connectivity features in the nonmotor symptom subtypes of Parkinson's disease, one characterized by cognitive impairment with late onset and the other depression with early onset.

Photocatalyst-free formate-mediated C-O cleavage by the EDA complex and SCS strategy for the synthesis of diaryl 1,4-diketone in air.

Under mild visible light conditions, formates facilitate C-O cleavage the EDA complex and SCS strategy, yielding α-carbonyl alkyl radicals. These radicals then react with olefins under air conditions, leading to the synthesis of diaryl 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Mechanistic studies reveal that α-formyloxy ketone is generated by the reaction between α-brominated acetophenone and formates, followed by the formation of the EDA complex.

Stevioside mitigates metabolic dysregulation in offspring induced by maternal high-fat diet: the role of gut microbiota-driven thermogenesis.

Maternal obesity poses a significant threat to the metabolic profiles of offspring. Microorganisms acquired from the mother early in life critically affect the host's metabolic functions. Natural non-nutritive sweeteners, particularly stevioside (STV), play a crucial role in reducing obesity and affecting gut microbiota composition.

Distinct neural computations scale the violation of expected reward and emotion in social transgressions.

Traditional decision-making models conceptualize humans as adaptive learners utilizing the differences between expected and actual rewards (prediction errors, PEs) to maximize outcomes, but rarely consider the influence of violations of emotional expectations (emotional PEs) and how it differs from reward PEs. Here, we conducted a fMRI experiment (n = 43) using a modified Ultimatum Game to examine how reward and emotional PEs affect punishment decisions in terms of rejecting unfair offers. Our results revealed that reward relative to emotional PEs exerted a stronger prediction to punishment decisions.

Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study.

Recent studies have showed aberrant connectivity of cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) in schizophrenia (SCZ), which might be a heritable trait. However, these individual studies vary greatly in their methods and findings, and important areas within CTCC and related genetic mechanism are unclear. We searched for consistent regions of circuit dysfunction using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) meta-analysis, followed by meta-regression and functional annotation analysis.

HIV-1 Vpu and SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a proteins disrupt STING-mediated activation of antiviral NF-κB signaling.

Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway by cytosolic DNA leads to the activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Although many viruses produce proteins that inhibit IRF3-dependent antiviral responses, some viruses produce proteins that inhibit STING-induced NF-κB activation without blocking IRF3 activation. Here, we found that STING-activated, NF-κB-dependent, and IRF3-independent innate immunity inhibited the replication of the DNA virus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the RNA virus coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), and the retrovirus HIV-1.

HACD2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Enhancing PKM2 Dissociation From PRKN in a Dehydratase-Independent Manner.

3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 (HACD2), an obesity-related gene involved in the elongation of long-chain fatty acids, is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) and is associated with patient prognosis. Interestingly, the study reveals that HACD2 mediated the proliferation of PC cells in a dehydratase-independent manner, affecting the downstream glycolytic pathway. Mechanistically, HACD2 promotes PC cells proliferation by binding to E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PRKN) and enhancing pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2) dissociation from PRKN, resulting in reduced ubiquitination of PKM2 and increased dimerization of PKM2, which subsequently promote c-Myc expression and tumor growth.

Cytoophidium complexes resonate with cell fates.

Metabolism is a fundamental characteristic of life. In 2010, we discovered that the metabolic enzyme CTP synthase (CTPS) can assemble a snake like structure inside cells, which we call the cytoophidium. Including CTPS, an increasing number of metabolic enzymes have been found to form cytoophidia in cells.

Multifunctions of Sustainable Chondroitin Sulfates with Predominant Subtypes and Low Molecular Weights on Neurite Outgrowth.

Three chondroitin sulfate (CS) analogues with predominant subtypes (A, C, and E) were prepared from engineered K4 combined with regioselective sulfation. CS with the designed sulfates as the main components was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elementary analysis, and disaccharide analysis. CS prepared from the native or degraded capsular polysaccharide had molecular weights of 1.

Protective effects of small RNAs encapsulated in -derived exosomes against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction: , a traditional medicinal plant, is renowned for its therapeutic properties, including the promotion of anti-inflammatory and bile secretion. Notably, it has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of jaundice. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of -derived exosomes (ACDEs) as a novel therapeutic approach in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Cardioattentionnet: advancing ECG beat characterization with a high-accuracy and portable deep learning model.

Introduction: The risk of mortality associated with cardiac arrhythmias is considerable, and their diagnosis presents significant challenges, often resulting in misdiagnosis. This situation highlights the necessity for an automated, efficient, and real-time detection method aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes.

Methods: The present study is centered on the development of a portable deep learning model for the detection of arrhythmias via electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, referred to as CardioAttentionNet (CANet).

Maternal exposure to fullerenols impairs placental development in mice by inhibiting estriol synthesis and reducing ERα.

Fullerenols, a water-soluble polyhydroxy derivative of fullerene, hold promise in medical and materials science due to their unique properties. However, concerns about their potential embryotoxicity remain. Using a pregnancy mouse model and metabolomics analysis, our findings reveal that fullerenols exposure during pregnancy not only significantly reduced mice placental weight and villi thickness, but also altered the classes and concentrations of metabolites in the mouse placenta.

UDA-seq: universal droplet microfluidics-based combinatorial indexing for massive-scale multimodal single-cell sequencing.

The use of single-cell combinatorial indexing sequencing via droplet microfluidics presents an attractive approach for balancing cost, scalability, robustness and accessibility. However, existing methods often require tailored protocols for individual modalities, limiting their automation potential and clinical applicability. To address this, we introduce UDA-seq, a universal workflow that integrates a post-indexing step to enhance throughput and systematically adapt existing droplet-based single-cell multimodal methods.

Glial-derived TNF/Eiger signaling promotes somatosensory neurite sculpting.

The selective elimination of inappropriate projections is essential for sculpting neural circuits during development. The class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) sensory neurons of Drosophila remodel the dendritic branches during metamorphosis. Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are required for programmed axonal pruning of mushroom body (MB) γ neurons during metamorphosis in Drosophila.

Predicting drug and target interaction with dilated reparameterize convolution.

Predicting drug-target interaction (DTI) stands as a pivotal and formidable challenge in pharmaceutical research. Many existing deep learning methods only learn the high-dimensional representation of ligands and targets on a small scale. However, it is difficult for the model to obtain the potential law of combining pockets or multiple binding sites on a large scale.

Land use and landscape pattern changes in the Fenhe River Basin, China.

The composition and pattern of ecosystems play a crucial role in determining the overall condition and spatial variations of ecosystem services. In this study, we explored the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), six land use/land cover change (LULC) types, and their landscape patterns to reflect spatial-temporal dynamics from 2010 to 2020 in the upper and middle reaches of the Fenhe River Basin. The trend analysis of Mann-Kendall tests was used to assess the NDVI variation of each pixel over the past decade.

Generation of live mice from haploid ESCs with germline-DMR deletions or switch.

Genomic imprinting is required for sexual reproduction and embryonic development of mammals, in which, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) regulate the parent-specific monoallelic expression of imprinted genes. Numerous studies on imprinted genes have highlighted their critical roles in development. However, what imprinting network is essential for development is still unclear.

Tuning the local S coordination environment on Ru single atoms to boost the oxygen evolution reaction.

Engineering the local electronic structure of single atom catalysts (SACs) still remains challenging. In this study, a Ru-NiS single atom catalyst with a controlled S coordination environment, where Ru single atoms are implanted on a NiS nanoflower consisting of plenty of cross-linked nanosheets, has been developed a facile atom capture strategy. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, it has been revealed that the fine-tuned local S coordination environment can optimize the electronic structure of Ru active sites, and reduce the energy barrier of the rate-determining step for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thus boosting the electrocatalytic activity, such as a low overpotential of 269 mV at 10 mA cm.

Multi-Vortex Regulation in a Simple Semicircular Microchannel with Ordered Micro-Obstacles for High-Throughput Buffer Exchange.

Microfluidics is an emerging technology for buffer exchange in bioprocessing applications. However, achieving buffer exchange with simplicity of operation and high throughput in a straightforward channel design remains a challenge. This study presents a novel semicircular microchannel design that allows for the deterministic regulation of helical and Dean vortices through geometric confinement.

One-core neuron deep learning for time series prediction.

The enormous computational requirements and unsustainable resource consumption associated with massive parameters of large language models and large vision models have given rise to challenging issues. Here, we propose an interpretable 'small model' framework characterized by only a single core-neuron, i.e.

New Integrative Vectors Increase Agrobacterium rhizogenes Transformation and Help Characterise Roles for Soybean GmTML Gene Family Members.

Hairy-root transformation is widely used to generate transgenic plant roots for genetic functional characterisation studies. However, transformation efficiency can be limited, largely due to the use of binary vectors. Here, we report on the development of novel integrative vectors that significantly increase the transformation efficiency of hairy roots.

Role of mitochondrial complex I genes in host plant expansion of Bactrocera tau (Tephritidae: Diptera) by CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Host expansion facilitates tephritid flies to expand their ranges. Unraveling the mechanisms of host expansion will help to efficiently control these pests. Our previous works showed mitochondrial complex I genes Ndufs1, Ndufs3, and Ndufa7 being upregulated during host expansion of Bactrocera tau (Walker), one of the highly hazardous species of tephritids.

Combined Transcriptomics and C Metabolomics Analysis Reveals and Genes Involved in the Regulation of Efficient Cytidine Synthesis in .

The development of an engineered strain for efficient cytidine production holds significant value for both research and industrial applications. In this study, the and genes were knocked out to reveal their roles involved in the regulation of efficient cytidine synthesis in . The results showed that after 36 h of shaking flask fermentation, the knockout strain NXBG-14 produced a cytidine concentration of 2.