Profiling Sociodemographic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Women with Endometrial Cancer in Puerto Rico: The Central Role of Obesity and Obstetric Features.

Introduction: Incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) women are higher compared to other race/ethnicities in the United States. EC is the third most common cancer and the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths in Puerto Rican women, yet demographic and clinical information is limited. High rates of EC risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and hypertension (HTN) have been documented in the Puerto Rican population.

Combined effects of natural products and exercise on apoptosis pathways in obesity-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.

Obesity and related metabolic disorders are closely linked to increased apoptosis in skeletal muscle, leading to muscle degeneration, insulin resistance, and the progression of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia. This review explores the combined effects of natural products, including resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin, and physical exercise on modulating apoptosis pathways in skeletal muscle. Both natural products and regular physical activity independently reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby regulating the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals.

Differential effects of β-hydroxybutyrate and α-ketoglutarate on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell viability under normoxic and hypoxic low-glucose conditions: exploring the role of SRC, HIF1α, ACAT1, and SIRT2 genes.

Recent therapeutic strategies have highlighted the potential of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as effective anticancer agents, particularly for colon cancer. These metabolites can modulate cellular metabolism and induce epigenetic changes, inhibiting tumor growth. Nonetheless, certain cancer cells may utilize ketone bodies, like BHB as nutrient sources under hypoxic conditions, potentially reducing treatment efficacy.

Long-term tracking of neural and oligodendroglial development in large-scale human cerebral organoids by noninvasive volumetric imaging.

Human cerebral organoids serve as a quintessential model for deciphering the complexities of brain development in a three-dimensional milieu. However, imaging these organoids, particularly when they exceed several millimeters in size, has been curtailed by the technical impediments such as phototoxicity, slow imaging speeds, and inadequate resolution and imaging depth. Addressing these pivotal challenges, our study has pioneered a high-speed scanning microscope, synergistically coupled with advanced computational image processing.

Association of Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) with hematological parameters: a data mining approach.

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is characterized by early repolarization of the myocardium originating from Purkinje fibers. PVC may occur in individuals who are otherwise healthy. However, it may be associated with some pathological conditions.

Palmitoylation-dependent regulation of GPX4 suppresses ferroptosis.

S-palmitoylation is a reversible and widespread post-translational modification, but its role in the regulation of ferroptosis has been poorly understood. Here, we elucidate that GPX4, an essential regulator of ferroptosis, is reversibly palmitoylated on cysteine 66. The acyltransferase ZDHHC20 palmitoylates GPX4 and increases its protein stability.

Efficient recognition of Parkinson's disease mice on stepping characters with CNN.

Parkinson's disease (PD), as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, impacts the quality of life for over 12 million patients. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of early diagnosis of PD through non-invasive methods, with the goal of enabling earlier intervention in the disease process. To this end, we constructed an open-field environment using flexible sensors under dark conditions, conducting experiments on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease alongside a normal control group.

Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis and Functional Studies Reveal SLC2A6 as a Ferroptosis Modulator in Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Soluble vector family member 6 (SLC2A6) has been implicated in the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of various cancers, yet its specific role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be fully elucidated. This study utilized multiple databases to investigate the relationship between SLC2A6 expression and clinical stage, methylation status, drug sensitivity, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted.

Targeting estrogen-regulated system x promotes ferroptosis and endocrine sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer.

Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 70% of cases. Endocrine therapies targeting estrogen are the first line therapies for ER+ breast cancer. However, resistance to these therapies occurs in about half of patients, leading to decreased survival rates.

Physiochemical and functional evaluation of the first-in-class anti-cancer IgE antibody drug, MOv18, through process development and good manufacturing practice production.

Antibodies used for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs, but tumor-targeting IgE antibodies have shown enhanced effector cell potency against cancer in preclinical models. Research-grade recombinant IgE antibodies have been generated and studied for several decades. The recent Phase 1 clinical trial of the first-in-class MOv18 IgE, however, necessitated the inaugural process development and scaled manufacture of a recombinant IgE to clinical quality standards.

Evaluation of the serum level of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 in patients with Hashimoto's disease and correlation with thyroid hormones and lipid profile.

Objectives: Numerous studies show that the adipokines play a role in on the thyroid axis. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum level of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 as a member of the adipokines family in patients with Hashimoto's.

Methods: The levels of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 70 subjects (35 newly diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 35 healthy subjects).

Genetic features and pharmacological rescue of novel Kv7.2 variants in patients with epilepsy.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates a robust correlation between epilepsy and variants of the Kv7.2 () channel, which is critically involved in directing M-currents and regulating neuronal excitability within the nervous system. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, the identification of variants has surged.

Serologic diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection based on the gradient-based digital immunoassay.

Background: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasite that could cause severe amebiasis, an extremely contagious parasitic disease with critical clinical symptoms. Timely diagnosis and treatment of E. histolytica are crucial for preventing complications and fatalities.

Biotinylation-based lateral flow assays for pathogenic and total bacteria detection.

Background: It is highly desirable to concurrently evaluate both pathogenic and total bacteria in water and food environments. As a point-of-care platform for biochemical tests, lateral flow assay (LFA) has been widely used for pathogenic bacteria due to its portability and fast time of outcome. However, traditional LFA was unable to detect total bacteria due to the lack of a universal antibody that could bind all the bacteria.

Curcumin attenuates ulcerative colitis via regulation of Sphingosine kinases 1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Curcumin, a compound from Curcuma longa L., has significant anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory activity in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) remain inadequately understood.

SCARB1 links cholesterol metabolism-mediated ferroptosis inhibition to radioresistance in tumor cells.

Introduction: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death triggered by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and developing strategies to target this process hold significant clinical applications in tumor therapy.

Objective: Our study aims to search for novel candidate genes involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and to investigate their mechanism of action in ferroptosis and tumor therapy.

Manganese Dioxide-based In Situ Vaccine Boosts Antitumor Immunity via Simultaneous Activation of Immunogenic Cell Death and the STING Pathway.

In situ vaccine (ISV) can activate the anti-tumor immune system by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) at the tumor site. However, the development of tumor ISV still faces challenges due to insufficient tumor antigens released by tumor cells and the existence of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Targeting the STING pathway has been reported to enhance the adjuvant effects of in situ tumor vaccines by initiating innate immunity.

Neuroanatomical distribution of endogenous huntingtin and its immunohistochemical relationships with STB/HAP1 in the adult mouse brain and spinal cord.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is an essential constituent of the stigmoid body (STB) and is known as a neuroprotective interactor with causal agents for several neurodegenerative disorders, including huntingtin (HTT) in Huntington's disease. Previous in vitro studies showed that compared to normal HTT, STB/HAP1 exhibited a higher binding affinity for mutant HTT. However, the detailed in vivo relationships of STB/HAP1 with endogenous HTT have not been clarified yet.

Multiple biological responses and transcriptome plasticity of the model unicellular eukaryote Paramecium for cadmium toxicity aggravated by freshwater acidification.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a widespread threat to aquatic life, and ongoing freshwater acidification (FA) can be expected to interact with Cd compounds to disrupt freshwater ecosystems. However, the effects of FA on Cd biotoxicity remain unclear. Herein, the model ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, a model unicellular eukaryotic organism, was used to explore the response to environmental relevant concentrations of Cd under acidification conditions.

Chromones from Saposhnikovia divaricata and their inhibition of IL-1β-induced proliferative activity in SW982 cells.

Nine previously undescribed chromones, named sadivamones O-W (1-9), and five known analogues (10-14), were isolated from the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. The detailed structural analysis of each compound was finalized by a variety of methods including NMR (1D and 2D), mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) spectroscopic data, and sugar hydrolysis.

Biomimetic metal-phenolic nanocarrier for co-delivery of multiple phytomedical bioactive components for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.

Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, involves complex pathophysiological processes. The co-delivery of multiple bioactive components derived from phytomedicine to atherosclerotic plaque is challenging, especially for those with varied solubilities. This study introduces a novel metal-phenolic network-based core-shell recombinant high-density lipoprotein nanocarrier (SSPH-MPN@rHDL) for co-delivering multiple bioactive components from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, including salvianic acid A (SAA), salvianolic acid B (SAB), protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA).

T-2 toxin triggers immunotoxic effects in goats by inducing ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps.

T-2 toxin, a prevalent mycotoxin, represents a notable global public health risk. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and ferroptosis are involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes and are implicated in goat immunity. However, the impact of T-2 toxin on NETs release, ferroptosis, and their interplay have not been previously documented.

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as predictors of multiple sclerosis severity.

Background: Prognostic biomarkers at multiple sclerosis (MS) onset to predict disease severity may help guide initial therapy selection for people with MS. Over 20 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) of varying levels of risk and efficacy now exist. The ability to predict MS severity would help to identify those patients at higher risk where a highly effective, but potentially risky, therapy would be optimal.

Muscle fiber types switched during the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

As one of the largest organs of our human body, skeletal muscle has good research prospects in myasthenia gravis (MG), the symptoms of which include systemic skeletal muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle is composed of two types of muscle fibers. Different fiber subtypes can be converted into each other; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear.