Assessment of ante mortem welfare indicators and the pathophysiology of captive-bolt trauma in equids at slaughter.

There is limited research into horse slaughter, particularly ante mortem welfare, and the effectiveness of captive-bolt gun (CBG) stunning, despite this being a widely used method worldwide. To address this evidence gap and explore associations between ante and post mortem factors, the welfare of 62 horses was assessed at a commercial Italian abattoir. Animal-based measures were used to identify stress-related behaviours and stunning effectiveness.

Antimicrobial Use in the Animal Sector in Japan from 2011 to 2022.

Evaluating antimicrobial use (AMU) is essential in the investigation and implementation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention measures. Here, we examined AMU using an index (mg/kg biomass) that considers the antimicrobial sales volume and livestock biomass in Japan from 2011 to 2022. Antimicrobial sales volumes were obtained from JVARM data, and biomass data were obtained from reliable statistics.

Assessment of Donkey Welfare at Slaughter in Ghana.

Donkey slaughter in West Africa has received limited scientific attention, despite increasing over recent years. This study aimed to explore factors affecting donkey welfare, both ante-mortem and at slaughter, in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 134 donkeys at five different slaughter points were assessed using animal-based indicators.

Prospects of bovine milk small extracellular vesicles in veterinary medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes or small EV (sEV) derived from biological fluids, such as milk, have garnered increasing interest in veterinary medicine because of their role in the pathophysiology and understanding of the disease status of the host. Bovine milk serves as a rich source of sEV, containing diverse cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which play a critical role in intercellular communication and regulation of host status. Although it is more difficult to isolate and purify sEV from bovine milk than from human breast milk, challenges persist in enabling the enrichment and analysis of sEV populations, facilitating the elucidation of their functional roles and prognostic potential in cattle diseases.

Seroprevalence of canine distemper virus antibodies in free-roaming dogs in Cambodia.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) can infect a wide range of mammalian carnivores and can cause severe illness and death. Domestic dogs may be an important source of this virus for endangered wild carnivores. The objective of this study was to establish the presence of CDV in rural areas of Cambodia bordering three established protected habitats, and to determine the seroprevalence of CDV in free-roaming dogs inhabiting these areas.

New Campylobacter Lineages in New Zealand Freshwater: Pathogenesis and Public Health Implications.

This study investigated the diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from three New Zealand freshwater catchments affected by pastoral and urban activities. Utilising matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight and whole genome sequence analysis, the study identified Campylobacter jejuni (n = 46, 46.0%), C.

Psychological, physical, and professional impact on second victims in veterinary anaesthesia: a cross-sectional international survey - Part 1.

Objective: To investigate the psychological, physical and professional impact of veterinary patient safety incidents (PSIs) on veterinary anaesthesia professionals.

Study Design: We conducted an observational cross-sectional survey, inviting veterinary anaesthesiologists, anaesthesiologists in training and veterinary nurses/technicians through social media platforms from 2 June 2023 to 20 September, 2023. The questionnaire was based on Second Victim Experience and Support Survey (SVEST) and analysed using descriptive statistics and subscale scoring to assess psychological, physical and professional impacts.

The influence of corpus luteum and first-wave dominant follicle location on conception rate after artificial insemination in Holstein cattle.

The influence of post-ovulatory corpus luteum (CL) and first-wave dominant follicle (1DF) location on pregnancy establishment in cattle remains controversial. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between CL and 1DF positioning, pregnancy outcomes, and blood steroid hormone levels following artificial insemination (AI) in Holstein cattle. Data from heifers (n = 163) and cows (n = 69) with optimally timed AI, defined as ovulation within 24 h post-AI, were analyzed to determine associations between CL (left/right ovary) and 1DF (ipsilateral/contralateral to CL) locations and conception rates.

A case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A 6-year-old male rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showed loss of appetite, right side rotating and the left side circling. The symptoms did not improve, and the rabbit died on the 2nd day after presentation. Histological evaluation of the brain revealed a non-demarcated high cellularity area of neoplastic cells in the midbrain.

Toll-like receptor 3-stimulation and aggregate-formation synergistically enhances anti-inflammatory activity of feline mesenchymal stem cells.

Importance: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used to treat inflammatory diseases in humans show improved clinical outcomes compared to other treatments. On the other hand, feline MSCs have limited therapeutic effects because of their low bioactivity. Successful clinical treatment requires enhancing the anti-inflammatory ability of feline adipose-derived MSCs (fAdMSCs).

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is superior to blow samples for the identification of fungi in the lower respiratory tract of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas).

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can be used to identify pathogens in the lower respiratory tract. To assess the utility of cetacean BALF in pathogen identification, we obtained 36 sets of fungal isolates from paired BALF and blow samples collected from six managed beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). In 13 sets, Candida tropicalis was isolated from BALF, whereas Candida spp.

Bacterial Cellulose Membrane Experimentally Implanted in the Peritoneum of Wistar Rats-Inflammatory Immunoreactivity and Oxidative Stress.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been used for various applications; however, studies investigating the immunohistochemical characteristics of the inflammatory and scarring component in BC implanted in the peritoneum in vivo have not yet been fully described. This study aimed to evaluate the systemic and organic safety of BC through oxidative stress, blood, and serum biochemical markers, as well as the late inflammatory response in rats, using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Forty-three rats (26 males; 17 females) received BC in the peritoneal cavity (implanted group-IG), while twenty-seven rats (12 males; 15 females) served as the control (sham group-SG).

Efficacy of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy with TONS504 Using Blue Light Against .

Background: is an important causative agent of bacterial keratitis. This study investigates the antibacterial effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with the chlorin derivative TONS504 (TONS504-PACT) and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) on . It also explores the synergistic effects of combining TONS504-PACT with EDTA, and compares the antibacterial effects of TONS504-PACT using blue light with those of previously reported red light.

Analgesic effects of linalyl acetate via nociceptive TRPV1 inhibition in mice.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is primarily expressed in sensory neurons and functions as a nociceptive channel. TRPV1 is activated by capsaicin, acidic pH, and noxious heat. Compounds inhibiting TRPV1 have been explored to develop analgesic drugs.

Molecular characteristics of CTX-M β-lactamase-producing and quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli among deer in a popular tourist spot in Japan.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern. Clonal lineages of CTX-M β-lactamase-producing (CTXE) and quinolone-resistant (QREC) were disseminated among the deer population in a famous tourist destination (Nara Park; NP) in Japan. The molecular characteristics of CTXE or QREC isolates, which could pose a threat to public health, have not been elucidated.

Efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the E2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 fused to mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein 1.

The E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a known protective antigen and a major target for DNA vaccines. DNA vaccines have various advantages; however, their immunogenicity needs to be enhanced by using adjuvants or drug delivery systems. In this study, we used mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (mLAMP1) as a molecular adjuvant and developed a DNA vaccine encoding an mLAMP1-BVDV E2 chimeric protein (pVax-mLAMP1-E2).

Use of blood meals from stable flies to evaluate the bovine leukemia virus infection status in cattle herds: a pilot study.

The incidence of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a type of B-cell lymphoma, is increasing in Japan. EBL is caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV; , ) infection and is diagnosed by detecting antibodies against BLV in milk and blood or BLV DNA in blood. We assessed the feasibility of using stable flies () as a sampling tool to assess BLV infection status in cattle herds.

Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM).

Background And Objective: The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60-80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women.

Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification.

Molecular epidemiology and risk analysis for asymptomatic infection with feline enteric coronavirus in domestic and stray cats in Japan.

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) causes subclinical infection; therefore, asymptomatic cats can act as transmitters of FECoV. However, there have been few studies on the prevalence of FECoV in asymptomatic cats in Japan. In this study, we used a nested RT-PCR assay targeting the S gene of FECoV to test 319 normal fecal samples from stray cats and domestic cats in Japan between 2019 and 2020.

Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 ORF76 Encoding US9 as a Neurovirulence Factor in the Mouse Infection Model.

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes rhinopneumonitis, abortion, and neurological outbreaks (equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, EHM) in horses. EHV-1 also causes lethal encephalitis in small laboratory animals such as mice and hamsters experimentally. EHV-1 ORF76 is a homolog of HSV-1 US9, which is a herpesvirus kinase.

Comparison of outcomes in dogs undergoing hiatal hernia repair with and without use of a gastropexy: 41 cases (2012-2022).

Objectives: To determine the difference in complication rate, gastrointestinal grade and requirement for ongoing medical and/or surgical management following hiatal hernia repair in dogs with and without gastropexy.

Materials And Methods: Clinical records were reviewed retrospectively for dogs that had undergone surgical hiatal hernia repair at two veterinary referral centres between April 2012 and March 2022. Pre-operative grading of gastrointestinal signs and brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was performed.