Genomic epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing from humans and a river in Aotearoa New Zealand.

In Aotearoa New Zealand, urinary tract infections in humans are commonly caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing . This group of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are often multidrug resistant. However, there is limited information on ESBL-producing found in the environment and their link with human clinical isolates.

Detection and Characterisation of Colistin-Resistant in Broiler Meats.

The irrational use of antimicrobials has led to the emergence of resistance, impacting not only pathogenic bacteria but also commensal bacteria. Resistance against colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, mediated by globally disseminated plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance () genes, has raised significant global concerns. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of colistin-resistant () and mobilised colistin resistance ( 1-5) genes from broiler meat.

Papillomaviruses and Papillomaviral Disease in Dogs and Cats: A Comprehensive Review.

Papillomaviruses (PVs) frequently infect humans as well as non-human species. While most PV infections are asymptomatic, PVs can also cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) as well as pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. In this review, the life cycle of PVs is discussed, along with the mechanisms by which PVs cause hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases.

Myotonia Congenita in Australian Merino Sheep with a Missense Variant in .

Myotonia congenita is a hereditary, non-dystrophic skeletal muscle disorder associated with muscle stiffness due to delayed muscle relaxation after contraction. We review myotonia congenita in domesticated animals and humans and investigated suspected myotonia congenita in a flock of Merino sheep in Australia. In 2020, a property in New South Wales reported a four-year history of lambs that would fall on disturbance before rapidly recovering, with 13 affected sheep identified in 2020.

Antagonistic interactions between spinosad and macrocyclic lactones in combination against larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in vitro.

Control of the sheep blowfly relies on insecticides, however resistance is currently impacting on their efficacy. The use of insecticides in combination (mixtures) is considered to be a useful strategy to delay resistance under some circumstances. The present study aimed to examine the combination of spinosad with macrocyclic lactones in order to determine if the two drug classes showed any interactions that would impact on the usefulness of a combination product for flystrike control.

Redefining () species complex in Greece focusing on the mitogenome of .

species complex, referred to as (), is distributed globally with some species distributed in specific regions and others spread globally. In Greece, () in dogs, and and in livestock, have been repeatedly reported however only based on morphological identification. Recently, there has been a great effort to accurately identify the species belonging to the species complex, using modern molecular tools and describe their spatial distribution.

True prevalence and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. in goat populations in Hubei Province, People's Republic of China: Progress toward disease elimination.

Caprine brucellosis, mainly caused by Brucella melitensis, remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide, affecting animal productivity, welfare, and public health. This study aimed to estimate the true prevalence (TP) and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. among goat populations in Hubei Province, China.

β-Triketones from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) oil show potential as scabicides.

Background: Scabies is a debilitating and neglected infectious disease with limited effective treatment options and affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in poor and overcrowded settings. Essential oils from Australasian Myrtaceae are known to have parasiticidal properties, often attributed to the presence of β-triketones, which are known inhibitors of the tyrosine catabolism pathway through inhibition of hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).

Purpose: In this study, essential oils from mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) were evaluated in vitro for miticidal and ovicidal activities and their active β-triketone constituents (flavesone, leptospermone, and isoleptospermone) were identified.

Environmental exposure and cancer occurrence in dogs: a critical appraisal of evidence.

Cancer is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in humans and is also the leading cause of death in dogs. It is estimated that up to 20 % of human cancers can be explained by environmental exposures to carcinogens. It has been hypothesized that companion animals such as dogs could not only be a model for the complex pathogenic processes of human cancers, but also act as sentinels for environmental carcinogens due to their relative shorter longevity, spontaneous occurrence of tumours, and intimate relationship with our everyday environments.

Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban.

A 12-year-old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis.

Impact of land-use and fecal contamination on Escherichia populations in environmental samples.

Understanding the composition of complex Escherichia coli populations from the environment is necessary for identifying strategies to reduce the impacts of fecal contamination and protect public health. Metabarcoding targeting the hypervariable gene gnd was used to reveal the complex population diversity of E. coli and phenotypically indistinct Escherichia species in water, soil, sediment, aquatic biofilm, and fecal samples from native forest and pastoral sites.

ICEmST contributes to colonization of Salmonella in the intestine of piglets.

Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type 34 (ST34) has recently become a global concern for public and animal health. The acquisition of mobile genetic element ICEmST, which contains two copper tolerance gene clusters, cus and pco, influences the epidemic success of this clone. Copper is used as a feed additive in swine at levels that potentially lead to selection pressure for Enterobacteriaceae; however, it remains unclear whether the copper tolerance system of ICEmST functions in vivo.

Koala MHCII association with chlamydia infertility remains equivocal: a need for new research approaches.

Chlamydiosis is a common infectious disease impacting koalas and is a major cause of population decline due to resulting mortality and infertility. Polymorphisms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes influence chlamydial disease outcomes in several species but koala studies have produced variable results. We aimed to identify the MHC II DAB and DBB repertoire of koalas from Liverpool Plains, NSW, a population heavily impacted by chlamydiosis.

Demographics of Feline Lymphoma in Australian Cat Populations: 1705 Cases.

Lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic cancer in cats with few large studies evaluating breed and sex as risk factors for the disease. Australia's geographic isolation and quarantine rules have led to a potentially restricted genetic pool and, currently, there have not been any large local epidemiological studies reported. A total of 1705 lymphoma cases were identified from several sources and compared to a reference population of 85,741 cats, and represent cats that are presented to veterinary clinics.

Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Cow Milk.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including , also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Echocardiographic Changes in Dogs with Stage B2 Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Treated with Pimobendan Monotherapy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic pimobendan monotherapy on cardiac size in dogs with stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Data from 31 dogs diagnosed with MMVD and cardiomegaly (LA/Ao ≥ 1.6 and LVIDdn ≥ 1.

Porcine peritoneal macrophages are susceptible to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.

Previous studies have suggested that porcine peritoneal macrophages (PPMs) are resistant to PRRSV infection, whereas porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are highly susceptible. This contrast is intriguing, as both cell types belong to the same monocyte/macrophage family. The current study aimed to investigate the host factors contributing to the differing susceptibility of PPMs and PAMs to PRRSV infection.

Spermatic RXFP2 expression levels and seminal INSL3 concentrations among beef bull ejaculates with different levels of sperm morphological normality.

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) receptor (RXFP2) expression levels on spermatozoa and INSL3 concentrations in the seminal plasma of fresh semen from beef bulls with different levels of sperm morphological normality. Ejaculates (n = 44) were collected from 21 yearling Japanese Black beef bulls and categorized into three groups based on the levels of sperm morphological normality: High (normal morphology ≥ 80%; n = 23), Mid (< 80% & ≥ 65%; n = 10) and Low (< 65%; n = 11). Immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization and expression levels of RXFP2 in spermatozoa.

Efficacy of transdermal ketoprofen on surgical inflammation in dogs.

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation in dogs. Despite having effective analgesic efficacy, prolonged oral administration has been associated with adverse effects. Transdermal delivery of ketoprofen has reduced the incidence of adverse effects in humans and could potentially be used in veterinary clinical medicine.

Widespread occurrence of benzimidazole resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in Australia.

Canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), a gastrointestinal nematode of domestic dogs, principally infects the small intestine of dogs and has the potential to cause zoonotic disease. In greyhounds and pet dogs in the USA, A. caninum has been shown to be resistant to multiple anthelmintics.

A novel placement method of a calibration-free pH capsule for continuous wireless measurement of intragastric pH in horses.

Background: Current methods to measure intragastric pH in horses have limitations. A wireless capsule has been designed for continuous esophageal pH monitoring in humans.

Objectives: To (1) determine the feasibility and describe the methodology of measuring intragastric pH wirelessly in horses; and (2) determine attachment duration of the capsules.

Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat.

In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the "leprosy-like" diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing Mycobacteria spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity.

Multiplex allele-specific PCR and DNA chromatography to identify genotypes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variants.

We constructed a simple genotyping method combining multiplex allele-specific PCR and DNA chromatography for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant. The developed method can be used to estimate the genetic background of isolates, and it facilitates easy identification of several epidemic clades among these serotypes.

Physiological welfare indicators in wild cetaceans: Epidermal cortisol and oxytocin concentrations in stranded striped dolphins.

Anthropogenic pressures and climate change present growing challenges for cetaceans, as the combined effects of multiple stressors can jeopardize their welfare and survival. In this context, validating reliable individual welfare indicators is crucial for quantifying these impacts. This study aimed to validate a method for measuring cortisol and oxytocin from the epidermis of stranded striped dolphins (Stenella caeruleoalba) using enzyme immunoassays, while accounting for confounding factors such as epidermal layer and body location.

Stochastic simulation modeling of the economics of providing additional living space for housed dairy cows.

The housed environment for dairy cattle is of critical importance to their health, wellbeing, and productivity. Lack of space is an important factor for housing quality assessment due to links with increased likelihood of disease. A recently published randomized controlled trial identified that greater living space provision increased lying time, milk volume production, and also increased time to conception.