The Toxoplasma protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit (TgPP6C) is essential for cell cycle progression and virulence.

Protein phosphatases are post-translational regulators of Toxoplasma gondii proliferation, tachyzoite-bradyzoite differentiation and pathogenesis. Here, we identify the putative protein phosphatase 6 (TgPP6) subunits of T. gondii and elucidate their role in the parasite lytic cycle.

Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome: a role for mitochondria.

Psychosis is a known risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The risk is even greater in patients who are taking second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). SGAs exacerbate metabolic abnormalities and lead to a 3-fold increased risk of severe weight gain, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in patients.

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020-21 and first description of a stoat () .

Repeat spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into new hosts has highlighted the critical role of cross-species transmission of coronaviruses and establishment of new reservoirs of virus in pandemic and epizootic spread of coronaviruses. Species particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 spillover include Mustelidae (mink, ferrets and related animals), cricetid rodents (hamsters and related animals), felids (domestic cats and related animals) and white-tailed deer. These predispositions led us to screen British wildlife with sarbecovirus-specific quantitative PCR and pan coronavirus PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 using samples collected during the human pandemic to establish if widespread spillover was occurring.

Viral metagenomics reveals diverse virus-host interactions throughout the soil depth profile.

Soil viruses can moderate the roles that their host microbes play in global carbon cycling. However, given that most studies investigate the surface layer (i.e.

Developmental, cytogenetic and epigenetic consequences of removing complex proteins and adding melatonin during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes.

Background: maturation (IVM) of germinal vesicle intact oocytes prior to fertilization (IVF) is practiced widely in animals. In human assisted reproduction it is generally reserved for fertility preservation or where ovarian stimulation is contraindicated. Standard practice incorporates complex proteins (CP), in the form of serum and/or albumin, into IVM media to mimic the ovarian follicle environment.

Incorporating biodiversity responses to land use change scenarios for preventing emerging zoonotic diseases in areas of unknown host-pathogen interactions.

The need to reconcile food production, the safeguarding of nature, and the protection of public health is imperative in a world of continuing global change, particularly in the context of risks of emerging zoonotic disease (EZD). In this paper, we explored potential land use strategies to reduce EZD risks using a landscape approach. We focused on strategies for cases where the dynamics of pathogen transmission among species were poorly known and the ideas of "land-use induced spillover" and "landscape immunity" could be used very broadly.

Dataset on risk factors for seroconversion against subspecies in dairy cows.

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic wasting disease caused by subspecies (MAP). MAP is responsible for large economic losses for the dairy sector and has been linked to human disease. Susceptibly to MAP is mainly limited to young animals and diagnostic tests are poor at detecting MAP in early stages of infection.

Improvement of mammary gland health in 81 'sentinel herds' in England and Scotland between 2012 and 2021.

Background: Achieving a reduction in mastitis in dairy cows is a common industry goal, but there is no recent peer-reviewed record of progress in the UK.

Methods: A convenience sample of 125 herds in England and Scotland was recruited based on the quality of records in 2016, willingness to participate and representative geographical distribution. Individual cow somatic cell counts and clinical mastitis data from 2012 to 2021 were summarised annually, and temporal changes were analysed.

spp. in Canine Otitis Externa.

Canine otitis externa (OE) is a commonly diagnosed condition seen in veterinary practice worldwide. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the disease, with a particular focus on the biological characteristics of and the impact that antibiotic resistance has on successful recovery from OE. We also consider potential alternatives to antimicrobial chemotherapy for the treatment of recalcitrant infections.

Prospective case study of critical decision making for horses referred for treatment of colic.

Background: There is limited evidence on factors affecting critical decision making for horses with colic. This study's aim was to describe the assessment and decision making involved in horses referred for management of colic.

Methods: An in-depth case analysis was used to document case presentation, decision making and outcomes for horses referred for colic to two UK equine veterinary practices over a 12-month period.

High incidence of antibiotic resistance amongst isolates of collected in Nottingham, UK, between 2001 and 2018.

is the leading cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The most common treatment regimens use combinations of two or three antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid. The World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant as a high priority pathogen for drug development, due to increasing antibiotic resistance globally.

Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse.

Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections.

Clinical supervisors' and students' perspectives on preparedness for veterinary workplace clinical training: An international study.

Background: The alignment of student and workplace supervisors' perspectives on student preparedness for veterinary workplace clinical training (WCT) is unknown, yet misalignment could negatively impact workplace learning. The aim of this study was to quantify the relative importance of WCT preparedness characteristics according to students and supervisors and to identify differences.

Methods: A survey was completed by 657 veterinary students and 244 clinical supervisors from 25 veterinary schools, from which rankings of the preparedness characteristics were derived.

Ethical challenges experienced by veterinary practitioners in relation to adverse events: Insights from a qualitative study.

Background: Understanding ethical challenges experienced in relation to adverse events is necessary to inform strategies that optimise patient safety and practitioner wellbeing.

Methods: A qualitative exploration of UK veterinary practitioners' experiences of adverse events was conducted. Data were collected via 12 focus groups and 20 interviews and analysed using an inductive coding technique.

Efficacy of Different Encapsulation Techniques on the Viability and Stability of Diverse Phage under Simulated Gastric Conditions.

causes a range of diseases in humans and livestock of considerable public health and economic importance. Widespread antimicrobial use, particularly in intensively produced livestock (e.g.

Methods to develop and evaluate attitudinal scales to measure farmer perceptions: Using sheep scab as an example.

There is limited information on the attitudes and opinions of British sheep farmers when preventing and managing sheep scab in their flocks. Attitudes are examples of latent traits, which are not directly observable. They must be measured indirectly which can be achieved using measurement scales.

Testing and Refining the Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Sport.

In 2021, in response to an acknowledged need for universal, consistent ethics to guide decision making in the horse sport sector, Campbell published a theoretical ethical framework for the use of horses in competitive sport. The research reported here tested the applied usefulness of that theoretical ethical framework through stakeholder engagement in a three-round modified Delphi study and refined it to develop a practical decision-making tool which can be applied consistently across multiple equestrian disciplines. Stakeholders from a broad range of equestrian competitive disciplines participated in the research.

Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the importance of human coronaviruses and the need to develop materials to prevent the spread of emergent respiratory viruses. Coating of surfaces with antiviral materials is a major interest in controlling spread of viruses, especially in high-risk or high-traffic areas. A number of different coatings for surfaces have been proposed, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.

Multi-Omic Temporal Landscape of Plasma and Synovial Fluid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using an Experimental Model of Equine Osteoarthritis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to osteoarthritis pathogenesis through their release into joint tissues and synovial fluid. Synovial fluid-derived EVs have the potential to be direct biomarkers in the causal pathway of disease but also enable understanding of their role in disease progression. Utilizing a temporal model of osteoarthritis, we defined the changes in matched synovial fluid and plasma-derived EV small non-coding RNA and protein cargo using sequencing and mass spectrometry.

A newly characterized dense granule protein (GRA76) is important for the growth and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii.

Pathogenicity of the zoonotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii largely depends on the secretion of effector proteins into the extracellular milieu and host cell cytosol, including the dense granule proteins (GRAs). The protein-encoding gene TGME49_299780 was previously identified as a contributor to parasite fitness. However, its involvement in parasite growth, virulence and infectivity in vitro and in vivo remains unknown.