Acetylshikonin Derived From Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst Kills Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens In Vitro and In Vivo.

The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria threatens the effectiveness of current antibiotic therapies. However, the development of new antibiotics has stagnated in recent years, highlighted the critical need for the discovery of innovative antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of naphthoquinones derived from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst (ADNs) and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.

Phenotypic and genotypic landscape of antibiotic resistance through One Health approach in Sri Lanka: A systematic review.

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) constitutes a significant burden to economies in developing countries. In the 'One-Health' concept, ABR in human, animals, and environment is interconnected. The aim of this study was to critically appraise literature on ABR in all three domains in One Health, within the Sri Lankan geographical context.

Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotics Resistance Revealed by Adaptive Laboratory Evolution.

Infection caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health and veterinary concern. Lack of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the emergence of drug-resistant strains, it makes S. aureus one of the most intractable pathogenic bacteria.

Methionine-driven methylation modification overcomes plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, while the emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X) family severely compromises its clinical efficacy. Novel antimicrobial strategies not limited to new antibiotics in pharmaceutical pipeline are urgently needed. Herein, we reveal the metabolic disparities between tet(X)-negative and -positive E.

Designing of an mRNA vaccine against high-risk human papillomavirus targeting the E6 and E7 oncoproteins exploiting immunoinformatics and dynamic simulation.

Human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 have been associated with different life-threatening cancers, including cervical, lung, penal, vulval, vaginal, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, while cervical cancer is the most prominent one. Several research studies have suggested that the oncoproteins E6 and E7 are the leading cause of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus infection. Therefore, we developed two mRNA vaccines (V1 and V2) targeting these oncoproteins.

The protective effects of dietary microalgae against hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in pyrogallol-intoxicated .

Microalgae have well-established health benefits for farmed fish. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential protective effects of , is, and against pyrogallol-induced hematological, hepatic, and renal biomarkers in African catfish (), as well as the histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Fish weighing 200 ± 25 g were divided into several groups: group 1 served as the control, group 2 was exposed to 10 mg/L of pyrogallol, and groups 3, 4, and 5 were exposed to the same concentration of pyrogallol, supplemented with at 20 g/kg diet, is at 50 g/kg diet, and at 5 g/kg diet, respectively, for 15 days.

Growth kinetics and population density of a laboratory colony of the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) established in Japan.

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a hematophagous ectoparasite that significantly threatens the poultry industry, not only through blood-feeding but also as a vector for deadly pathogens. With the growing challenge of acaricidal resistance, the demand for alternative control measures is urgent. However, effective PRM research, particularly in acaricidal efficacy and new drug discovery, hinges on the availability of reliable laboratory colonies.

Genome-wide analysis reveals porcine LIFR regulated by DNA methylation promotes the implantation process via the STAT3 signaling.

Embryo-uterine interaction during embryo implantation depends on the coordinated expression of numerous genes in the receptive endometrium. While DNA methylation is known to play a significant role in controlling gene expression, specific molecular mechanisms underlying this regulatory event remain elusive in early porcine pregnancy. Here, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape in the Yorkshire and Meishan pig's endometrium.

Unveiling novel antimicrobial peptides from the ruminant gastrointestinal microbiomes: A deep learning-driven approach yields an anti-MRSA candidate.

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present a promising avenue to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The ruminant gastrointestinal microbiome serves as a unique ecosystem that offers untapped potential for AMP discovery.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to develop an effective methodology for the identification of novel AMPs from ruminant gastrointestinal microbiomes, followed by evaluating their antimicrobial efficacy and elucidating the mechanisms underlying their activity.

In-vitro and in-vivo assessment of biocompatibility and efficacy of ostrich eggshell membrane combined with platelet-rich plasma in Achilles tendon regeneration.

Tendon injuries present significant medical, social, and economic challenges globally. Despite advancements in tendon injury repair techniques, outcomes remain suboptimal due to inferior tissue quality and functionality. Tissue engineering offers a promising avenue for tendon regeneration, with biocompatible scaffolds playing a crucial role.

Role of TRIM29 in disease: What is and is not known.

Tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs), comprising the greatest subfamily of E3 ubiquitin ligases with approximately 80 members of this family, are widely distributed in mammalian cells. TRIMs actively participate in ubiquitination of target proteins, a type of post-translational modification associated with protein degradation and other functions. Tripartite motif-containing protein 29 (TRIM29), a member of the TRIM family, differs from other members of this family in that it lacks the RING finger structural domain containing cysteine and histidine residues that mediates DNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and ubiquitin ligase, at its N-terminus.

Use of a hidden Markov model for interpretation of serial cow milk paratuberculosis antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results adjusted for milk yield and quality.

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a common, economically-important and potentially zoonotic contagious disease of cattle, with worldwide distribution. Disease management relies on identification of animals which are at high-risk of being infected or infectious.

True prevalence and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. in goat populations in Hubei Province, People's Republic of China: Progress toward disease elimination.

Caprine brucellosis, mainly caused by Brucella melitensis, remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide, affecting animal productivity, welfare, and public health. This study aimed to estimate the true prevalence (TP) and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. among goat populations in Hubei Province, China.

Comparison between AI and human expert performance in acute pain assessment in sheep.

This study explores the question whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) can outperform human experts in animal pain recognition using sheep as a case study. It uses a dataset of N = 48 sheep undergoing surgery with video recordings taken before (no pain) and after (pain) surgery. Four veterinary experts used two types of pain scoring scales: the sheep facial expression scale (SFPES) and the Unesp-Botucatu composite behavioral scale (USAPS), which is the 'golden standard' in sheep pain assessment.

Integrated Mendelian Randomization and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Analysis Identifies Critical Blood Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms in Epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy has a genetic predisposition, yet causal factors and the dynamics of the immune environment in epilepsy are not fully understood.

Methods: We analyzed peripheral blood samples from epilepsy patients, identifying key genes associated with epilepsy risk through Mendelian randomization, using eQTLGen and genome-wide association studies. The peripheral immune environment's composition in epilepsy was explored using CIBERSORT.

Synthesis and characterization of innovative GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite with potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

Cancer and microbial infections place a significant burden on the world's health systems and can increase the rate of disease and mortality. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite based on Gum Arabic, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite) was synthesized to overcome the problem of microbial infection and in cancer treatment. Characterization using UV-Vis.

A competitive aptamer binding-based CRISPR-cas biosensor for sensitive detection of tetracycline residues in biological samples.

Tetracycline (TC) is widely used in veterinary medicine and animal feed; however, TC residues in food pose a risk to human health. Thus, the sensitive and selective detection of TC is needed to ensure food safety. Herein, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12a biosensor with competitive aptamer binding to detect TC residues.

Risk scoring of African swine fever transmission in selected provinces of the Philippines.

Importance: African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious transboundary swine disease that poses a significant threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage in reducing ASF transmission risk. However, control efforts remain challenging due to the disease's complex epidemiology, lack of effective treatment, and vaccine availability.

Evaluating prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic techniques for infection in goats and surrounding water sources.

Background: spp. are protozoan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including goats, and can also contaminate water sources, posing a significant public health risk. Detecting oocysts in fecal and water samples is critical for understanding the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and implementing appropriate control measures.

Equine endometrial bacteria inhibition by metabolite and extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus acidophilus and lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

Endometritis is one of the main reproductive disorders in mares and due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of endometritis in mares has gained interest, given their potential to restore and maintain a healthy uterine microbiota. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of total metabolites of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) against common equine endometrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli (1), Escherichia coli (2), Escherichia coli (3), Escherichia coli (4), Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus warneri, Actinobacillus equi and Klebesiella pneumoniae), as well as to assess their low molecular weight metabolites (loM) and extracellular vesicle (EVs) inhibition capacity over a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from mares with clinical endometritis.

Artificial intelligence is beginning to create value for selected small animal veterinary applications while remaining immature for others.

Artificial intelligence is a powerful technology with great potential to support veterinarians across many aspects of their multifaceted job. However, realizing this potential requires AI solutions that truly address specific pain points. Here we review 4 use cases in which AI has been applied to small animal veterinary medicine: image analysis, early disease detection, administration support, and disease surveillance.

Discovery of small molecules against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by targeting NendoU activity.

Unlabelled: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a major threat to animal health and causes substantial economic losses worldwide. The nonstructural protein 11 (NSP11) of the causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), contains a highly conserved nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain essential for viral replication and immune evasion. Targeting NSP11 offers a novel approach to antiviral intervention.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated silver nanoparticles accelerate antimicrobial potentials by targeting amphiphilic membranes.

Compelling concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens call for novel strategies to address these challenges. Nanoparticles show promising antimicrobial activities; however, their actions are hindered primarily by the bacterial hydrophilic-hydrophobic barrier. To overcome this, we developed a method of electrochemically anchoring sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coatings onto silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in improved antimicrobial potency.