The older, the wider: On-field tactical behavior of elite-standard youth soccer players in small-sided games.

Purpose: Young soccer players need excellent tactical skills to reach the top. Tactical behavior emerges through interactions between opposing teams. However, few studies have focused on on-field tactical behavior of teams with talented soccer players.

Rocker shoes reduce Achilles tendon load in running and walking in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy.

Objectives: Relative rest and pain relief play an important role in the management of Achilles tendinopathy, and might be achieved by reducing the load on the Achilles tendon. Previous studies have provided evidence that rocker shoes are able to decrease the ankle internal plantar flexion moment in healthy runners during walking and running. Since plantar flexion moment is related to the Achilles tendon loading, rocker shoes might be considered in the conservative management of Achilles tendinopathy.

Effect of rocker shoes on plantar pressure pattern in healthy female runners.

Rocker profile shoes (rocker shoes) are one of the treatment options of metatarsalgia and forefoot stress fractures. The efficacy of rocker shoes in unloading the forefoot pressure has been shown in walking. In running, however, the effect of rocker shoes on forefoot pressure is unknown.

Rocker shoe, minimalist shoe, and standard running shoe: a comparison of running economy.

Objectives: Running with rocker shoes is believed to prevent lower limb injuries. However, it is not clear how running in these shoes affects the energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to assess the effects of rocker shoes on running economy in comparison with standard and minimalist running shoes.

Physical activity, gender, weight status, and wellbeing in 9- to 11-year-old children: a cross sectional survey.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and wellbeing in children, and to further explore the extent to which this may vary by gender and weight status.

Method: A representative sample of 1424 9- to 11-year-olds completed a self-report measure of physical activity, the Child Health and Illness Profile, KIDSCREEN, and a self-esteem scale. Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements were also obtained.

Effect of information load and time on observational learning.

We examined whether altering the amount of and moment when visual information is presented affected observational learning for participants practicing a bowling skill. On Day 1, four groups practiced a cricket bowling action. Three groups viewed a full-body point-light model, the model's bowling arm, or between-limb coordination of the model's left and right wrists only.

Real-time gait event detection using wearable sensors.

Real-time gait event detection is a requirement for functional electrical stimulation and gait biofeedback. This gait event detection should ideally be achieved using an ambulatory system of durable, lightweight, low-cost sensors. Previous research has reported issues with durability in footswitch systems.

Decrease in heart rate after longitudinal participation in the Groningen Active Living Model (GALM) recreational sports programme.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate during submaximal exercise as an index of cardiovascular function in older adults participating in the Groningen Active Living Model recreational sports programme who were sedentary or underactive at baseline. A repeated measurement design was conducted; 151 participants were included, providing 398 heart rate files over a period of 18 months. Multi-level analyses were conducted; growth and final models were developed.

Twelve-month effects of the Groningen active living model (GALM) on physical activity, health and fitness outcomes in sedentary and underactive older adults aged 55-65.

Objective: To determine the effects on energy expenditure, health and fitness outcomes after 12 months of GALM.

Methods: Subjects from matched neighbourhoods were assigned to an intervention (IG) (n=79) or a waiting-list control group (CG) (n=102). During the 12 months the IG attended two series of 15 moderately intensive GALM sessions once a week and the CG attended one series after a 6-month waiting-list period.

The effect of acute aerobic exercise on pulse wave velocity and oxidative stress following postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in healthy men.

Oxidative stress is postulated to be responsible for the postprandial impairments in vascular function. The purpose of this study was to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) and markers of postprandial oxidative stress before and after an acute bout of moderate exercise. Ten trained male subjects (age 21.

Evaluating the effects of a low volume stairclimbing programme on measures of health-related fitness in sedentary office workers.

Despite its obvious advantages, few studies have examined health outcomes of regular stariclimbing. In this study, we investigated the training effects of eight weeks of stairclimbing on recognised measures of health-related fitness in an occupational setting. Forty-five public sector employees (22 male, 23 female) aged 42.

Effects of a low-intensity conditioning programme on VO2max and maximal instantaneous peak power in elderly women.

The effects of 12 weeks of a low-intensity general conditioning programme on maximal instantaneous peak power (Wpeak) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were examined in 20 elderly women. After medical, familiarisation, and ethical procedures, the subjects were randomly divided into either a training and or a control group. The training group [n = 11; mean (SD) age 63.

A modified incremental shuttle run test for the determination of peak shuttle running speed and the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of subject drop-out on a multi-stage shuttle run test and a modified incremental shuttle run test in which speed was increased by 0.014 m x s(-1) every 20-m shuttle to avoid the need for verbal speed cues. Analysis of the multi-stage shuttle run test with 208 elite female netball players and 381 elite male lacrosse players found that 13 (+/-3) players stopped after the first shuttle of each new level, in comparison with 5 (+/-2) players on any other shuttle.

Effect of water ingestion on endurance capacity during prolonged running.

This study examined the influence of water ingestion on endurance capacity during submaximal treadmill running. Four men and four women with a mean (+/-S.E.