Identifying gender differences in risk profiles and in opioid treatment outcomes in Los Angeles County.

Policies and programs that aim to minimize wait time to enter opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and maximize retention respond to potential differences in female and male clients' risk profiles. We conducted multigroup latent class analysis using significant individual risk factors. Our sample included 13,453 opioid treatment episodes from 135 unique substance use disorder treatment programs in Los Angeles County, California, in four waves: 2011 (66 programs, 1035 clients), 2013 (77 programs, 3671 clients), 2015 (75 programs, 4625 clients), and 2017 (69 programs, 4106 clients).

Predicting Hospitalization among Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services Users Using Machine Learning Methods.

We compare multiple machine learning algorithms and develop models to predict future hospitalization among Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Users. Furthermore, we calculate feature importance, the score of input variables based on their importance to predict the outcome, to identify the most relevant variables to predict hospitalization. We use the 2012 national Medicaid Analytic eXtract data and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review data.

South Asians Active Together (SAATH): Protocol for a multilevel physical activity intervention trial for South Asian American mother and daughter dyads.

South Asian (SA), including Asian Indian and Pakistani Americans, have a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors and low levels of physical activity (PA). Increasing PA in the U.S.

Does Bail Reform Decarcerate Mental Illness? Public Health Challenges for a Large County Jail System.

Although bail reform reduces jail census, whether or not its effects extend to incarcerated individuals with mental illness is unknown. Using a novel high-sensitivity measure of serious mental illness (SMI) from jail-based electronic health records, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis assessing the impact of Illinois bail reform on total jail registrations and the nested subset with SMI ± co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD). Compared with a decline in total jail registrations, admission of individuals with SMI ± SUD showed no decline.

Individual, interpersonal, and neighborhood measures associated with opioid use stigma: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.

Despite growing awareness of opioid use disorder (OUD), fatal overdoses and downstream health conditions (e.g., hepatitis C and HIV) continue to rise in some populations.

Disparities in opioid treatment access and retention among women based on pregnancy status from 2006 to 2017.

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess differences in wait time and retention in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment among a sample of pregnant and non-pregnant women from low-income urban communities in Los Angeles, California.

Methods: Data were collected in 9 waves consisting of consecutive years from 2006 to 2011, and then including 2013, 2015, and 2017. The sample consisted of 12,558 women, with 285 being pregnant and 12,273 being non-pregnant.

Upholding Familism Among Asian American Youth: Measures of Familism among Filipino and Korean American Youth.

Although it is one of the core cultural values of Asian American families and an influential determinant of youth development, familism remains under-studied among Asian Americans and, despite crucial within-group heterogeneity, lacks subgroup specificity. This study describes the ways in which two major Asian American subgroups of youth, i.e.

Role-Play Assessment of Therapist Adherence and Skill in Implementation of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.

Numerous efforts are underway to train clinicians in evidence-based practices. Unfortunately, the field has few practical measures of therapist adherence and skill with which to judge the success of these training and implementation efforts. One possible assessment method is using behavioral rehearsal, or role-play, as an analogue for therapist in-session behavior.

Narratives, masks and COVID-19: A qualitative reflection.

Tracing explanatory narratives of mask-wearing throughout COVID-19, we argue that multiple narratives contribute to the global experience of COVID-19, making it as much a social and political object as it is a scientific one. This assumption drives our commitment to take seriously alternative narratives that do not conform to dominant ones in order to examine how structures of power might privilege particular types of 'truths' and with what consequences. We see this reflective piece as a re-articulation of social work's historic call to interrogate dominant ways of knowing, particularly the ways in which science obscures its own power and politics and sidelines other narratives in the process.

Ambulatory Care Access And Emergency Department Use For Medicare Beneficiaries With And Without Disabilities.

Establishing care with primary care and specialist clinicians is critical for Medicare beneficiaries with complex care needs. However, beneficiaries with disabilities may struggle to access ambulatory care. This study uses the 2015-17 national Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey linked to claims and administrative data to explore these questions.

Beyond the axes of inequality: Religion, race, and everything in between.

This study examined the mental health outcomes of a diverse group of 549 individuals experiencing discrimination based on their multiple subordinate identities: ethnicity/race, religion, nativity, and sexual orientation. Applying an intersectionality framework, the findings provide an understanding of the impact of discrimination and racism on minority groups' mental health within the heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) context. Significant differences were found on levels of discrimination and racism across ethnic, racial, sexual, and gender minority groups, particularly among Muslim/Jewish, Arab/African, male, and foreign-born participants.

Cultural socialization in childhood: Analysis of parent-child conversations with a direct observation measure.

Cultural factors influence the development of all children. Yet, current knowledge of explicit cultural socialization processes in childhood remains limited, mainly by failing to incorporate the experiences of young children. To address this critical gap, the authors introduce the OMERS-Peds task, an observational measurement designed to systematically identify and compare the content of cultural messages passed down from caregivers to offspring during early school age years.

Changing Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Education to Combat Reproductive Injustice: A Call to Action.

Although reproductive injustices and reproductive health disparities are well-documented in the United States, recent studies have begun to explore the health care professional's role in their perpetuation. We hypothesized that obstetrics and gynecology residents would observe reproductive injustices during their training. Thus, using a national survey, we asked obstetrics and gynecology residents to share clinical cases in which discrimination, bias, inequity, or injustice was involved in a patient's reproductive health care and queried their preparedness to respond.

A longitudinal investigation of young mothers' prenatal attachment, depressive symptoms, and early parenting behaviour.

Objectives: This study explores whether young, low-income mothers' prenatal attachment to their infants is related to attachment and parenting behaviour postnatally.

Background: A small literature has documented continuity in maternal attachment from pregnancy to postpartum and shown that early maternal attachment is associated with positive parenting behaviour. Less is known about whether prenatal attachment has a unique impact on parenting behaviour, or if it is primarily a step in the development of postnatal attachment, which in turn influences parenting.

Disclosure of Sexual Identities Across Social-Relational Contexts: Findings from a National Sample of Black Sexual Minority Men.

Black sexual minority men (BSMM) in the USA navigate a range of factors that may influence the extent to which they disclose or conceal their sexual identity in various social contexts. To date, few studies have investigated the correlates of sexual identity disclosure or concealment among BSMM across multiple life domains. Guided by a minority stress perspective and intersectionality, we analyzed data from N = 809 BSMM who participated in the Social Justice Sexuality Survey.

Young Transgender Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Latent Class Analysis of Protective Processes.

Research is critically needed to understand protective processes that may lessen the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on negative outcomes for transgender individuals. The current study utilized a latent class analysis to identify combinations of protective processes (i.e.

Perceptions of quality and safety in cannabis acquisition amongst young gay and bisexual men living with HIV/AIDS who use cannabis: Impact of legalisation and dispensaries.

Background: Upwards of 35% of young gay and bisexual men living with HIV report daily use of cannabis in the U.S. The effects of legalisation of recreational and medical cannabis on the acquisition of cannabis products amongst a group with such high prevalence of use is largely unknown.

Modeling Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Opioid-Related Morbidity and Mortality in the US.

Importance: The US opioid epidemic is complex and dynamic, yet relatively little is known regarding its likely future impact and the potential mitigating impact of interventions to address it.

Objective: To estimate the future burden of the opioid epidemic and the potential of interventions to address the burden.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A decision analytic dynamic Markov model was calibrated using 2010-2018 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the US Census, and National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.

Introduction: Incident HIV infections persist in the United States (U.S.) among marginalized populations.

Embedding a Linkage to Preexposure Prophylaxis Care Intervention in Social Network Strategy and Partner Notification Services: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Increased preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among black men who have sex with men and black transgender women (BMSM/TW) is needed to end the HIV epidemic. Embedding a brief intervention in network services that engage individuals in HIV transmission networks for HIV/ sexually transmitted infections testing may be an important strategy to accelerate PrEP uptake.

Setting: Partner Services PrEP study is a pilot, randomized, control trial to improve linkage to PrEP care among BMSM/TW presenting for network services in Chicago, IL, from 2015 to 2017.

Organizations matter in local governance: evidence from health sector decentralization in Honduras.

Health systems strengthening is at the forefront of the global health agenda. Many health systems in low-resource settings face profound challenges, and robust causal evidence on the effects of health systems reforms is lacking. Decentralization has been one of the most prominent reforms, and after more than 50 years of implementation and hundreds of studies, we still know little about whether these policies improve, harm or are inconsequential for the performance of health systems in less-developed countries.

Knowledge Does Not Correspond to Adherence of Renal Diet Restrictions in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3-5.

Objectives: Nutrition plays a critical role in delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, adherence to nutrition recommendation in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) has been underexplored. The objective of this research is to determine patients with NDD-CKD adherence to nutrition recommendation, and whether knowledge of dietary recommendations impacts adherence.

Design And Methods: Patients with NDD-CKD and a glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min were recruited from an urban, outpatient nephrology clinic.