Psychological interventions for young people at risk for bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Objectives: Several studies have recently been conducted that have explored the benefits of psychological interventions in reducing symptomatology or improving outcomes in young people at-risk of developing bipolar disorder. The aim of this review was to explore if such interventions reduce current psychiatric symptoms and prevent the development of new symptoms.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Preferred frequency ratios for spontaneous auditory-motor synchronization: Dynamical stability and hysteresis.

Humans spontaneously synchronize their movements with external auditory rhythms such as a metronome or music. Although such synchronization preferentially occurs toward simple 1:1 movement-stimulus frequency ratio, the extent to which spontaneous synchronization can also occur toward more complex frequency ratios remains largely unclear. The present study investigates the occurrence and dynamical stability of spontaneous auditory-motor synchronization at multiple frequency ratios.

Under-Five Mortality and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2001⁻2016).

Child mortality in Nepal has reduced, but the rate is still above the Sustainable Development Goal target of 20 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aimed to identify common factors associated with under-five mortality in Nepal. Survival information of 16,802 most recent singleton live births from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the period (2001⁻2016) were utilized.

Smell your memories: Positive effect of odor exposure on recent and remote autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease.

: There is a burgeoning interest in the effects of odor exposure on autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We pursued this line of research by assessing the effect of odor exposure on the retrieval of recent and remote memories in AD. : Twenty-six patients with mild AD and 28 controls were tested in two conditions: with and without odor exposure.

"To whom did I tell that information?": Relationship between destination memory and theory of mind in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been widely associated with impairment of social cognition. We therefore investigated the relationship between the ability to infer and predict other's mental states (i.e.

Cognitive Theory of Mind Influences Destination Memory: Evidence from Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: Theory of mind and destination memory are social abilities that require processing the attributes of interlocutors. Empirical research has demonstrated a relationship between performance on both abilities in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore investigated whether processing attributes of interlocutors would result in better destination memory in AD.

Intact prioritisation of unconscious face processing in schizophrenia.

Introduction: Faces provide a rich source of social information, crucial for the successful navigation of daily social interactions. People with schizophrenia suffer a wide range of social-cognitive deficits, including abnormalities in face perception. However, to date, studies of face perception in schizophrenia have primarily employed tasks that require patients to make judgements about the faces.

The relationship between psychophysical body categorization performance and male body dissatisfaction.

The present study compared the predictive relationship between various psychophysical indices of body categorization performance (Point of Subjective Equivalence (PSE), Just Noticeable Difference (JND) and Reaction Time (RT)) and male body dissatisfaction (Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS)) and eating disorder symptoms (Eating disorders examination questionnaire (EDE-Q)), with performance on a validated figure rating scale (Visual Body Scale for Men (VBSM)). Body Mass Index, body fat percentage, and fat free mass index were also measured. PSE was not as sensitive in predicting body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms as the VBSM.

A cluster randomised controlled feasibility study of nurse-initiated behavioural strategies to manage interruptions during medication administration.

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of a behavioural e-learning intervention to support nurses to manage interruptions during medication administration.

Design: A cluster randomised feasibility trial.

Setting: The cluster trial included four intervention and four control wards randomly selected across four metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia.

Understanding disaster resilience in communities affected by recurrent drought in Lesotho and Swaziland-A qualitative study.

Background: Lesotho and Swaziland experience intense, recurring drought resulting in disaster situations. Despite the recurrence of drought, both its influence on rural subsistence communities' support systems and the actions that enable structures of resilience remain poorly understood. Each incidence of drought stimulates a disaster resilience discussion that stalls without achievement of positive results until the next disaster.

Predictors of social identification in group therapy.

Group therapy is a popular and effective format for psychological intervention, and both anecdotal and empirical data consistently point to group dynamics as a primary driver of its benefits. However, to date there has been no systematic investigation of what facilitates an engaged, cohesive group environment. We argue that this is and explore the features of groups that help to build this.

Impaired Specificity of Future Thinking in Alcohol Use Disorders.

Background: While there has been a body of work that has investigated past thinking in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD), little is known about future thinking in these individuals.

Methods: We invited participants with AUD and control participants to construct past and future events. We have also investigated the relationship between constructing past and future events and depression.

Immediate Feedback Improves Career Decision Self-Efficacy and Aspirational Alignment.

Misalignment between career and education aspirations has been associated with poorer achievement during adolescence and unstable employment in adulthood. In this study, we evaluated whether a brief in-school intervention improved career decision self-efficacy and aspirational alignment. We sampled 211 teenagers living in disadvantaged areas of Western Sydney, Australia using a quasi-experimental non-equivalent groups design.

Australian lessons for developing and testing a culturally inclusive health promotion campaign.

The purpose of the study was to develop and test culturally appropriate health promotion materials that were seen to be socially inclusive in regard to blood donation within the Australian-African community. Materials were produced in multiple languages (English, Arabic, Swahili and Kirundi) and were initially developed based on previous pilot data, with feedback from the project partner (Australian Red Cross Blood Service) and the African community. Seven formative focus groups with 62 participants were then conducted to ensure the materials would be effective, credible and culturally acceptable to the target audience, including preferred messages, taglines and images.

The Socioeconomic and Sexual Health Status of Young People Living in Urban Slum Areas of Kampala, Uganda.

Slum dweller youth in Kampala, Uganda, face social economic exclusion and a plethora of health risks, and their needs are poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to analyze their needs and to suggest contextual evidence-based solutions to improve their well-being sustainably. We conducted a qualitative study involving 10 focus group discussions (FGDs; N = 113) and 20 key informant (KII) interviews.

Off-track thoughts: Intentional and unintentional mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: Despite the recent upsurge of interest in mind wandering (i.e. the occurrence of task-unrelated and stimulus-independent thoughts), little research has attempted to evaluate mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in child undernutrition: Evidence from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2003 - 2013).

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the trend in socioeconomic inequalities in child undernutrition in Nigeria.

Methods: The study analysed cross-sectional data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2003 to 2013. The outcome variables were stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-five years.

Epigenetic mechanisms, trauma, and psychopathology: targeting chromatin remodeling complexes.

Environmental pressure affects the genotype throughout different epigenetic processes. There is currently ample evidence on the role of epigenetics in developing various mental disorders. A burden of environmental pressure, such as psychological trauma, and its influence on genotype can lead to a variety of psychopathologies.

Evidence That Frame of Reference Effects Can Reduce Socially Prescribed Perfectionism.

Socially prescribed perfectionism appears to drive disordered eating behaviour in young women, usually via messages from fellow women. Social psychological research suggests that framing effects can be manipulated to reduce the effect of unhealthy messages. This research used contrasting messages about perfectionism to reduce perfectionism among female dieters.

Responding to joint attention bids in schizophrenia: An interactive eye-tracking study.

This study investigated social cognition in schizophrenia using a virtual reality paradigm to capture the dynamic processes of evaluating and responding to eye gaze as an intentional communicative cue. A total of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls completed an interactive computer game with an on-screen avatar that participants believed was controlled by an off-screen partner. On social trials, participants were required to achieve joint attention by correctly interpreting and responding to gaze cues.

Adaptive sensory coding of gaze direction in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia has been associated with differences in how the visual system processes sensory input. A fundamental mechanism that regulates sensory processing in the brain is gain control, whereby the responses of sensory neurons to a given stimulus are modulated in accordance with the spatial and temporal context. Some studies indicate an impairment of certain cortical gain control mechanisms in schizophrenia in low-level vision, reflected, for instance, in how the visual appearance of a stimulus is affected by the presence of other stimuli around it.

Perceptual integration of head and eye cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia.

The perceptual mechanisms that underlie social experience in schizophrenia are increasingly becoming a target of empirical research. In the context of low-level vision, there is evidence for a reduction in the of sensory features in schizophrenia (e.g.

Exploring associations between early substance use and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning in young people engaged in a mental health service.

Neuropsychiatric disorders (including substance misuse) are associated with the greatest burden of functional disability in young people, and contributory factors remain poorly understood. Early-onset substance use is one candidate risk factor which may inform functional prognosis and facilitate direction of interventions aiming to curtail impairment. Accordingly, we modelled associations between early-onset use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning (indexed by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) in an observational cohort presenting to early intervention mental health services.