The social and emotional wellbeing of Indigenous LGBTQA+ young people: a global perspective.

There has been scant exploration of the social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) of young Indigenous populations that identify as LGBTQA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Asexual +). Given the vulnerability of this cohort living in Western settler colonial societies, wider investigation is called for to respond to their needs, experiences and aspirations. This paper summarizes existing research on the topic highlighting the lack of scholarship on the intersection of youth, Indigeneity, LGBTQA+ and SEWB.

Pupil dilation as an indicator of future thinking.

Background: The pupil typically dilates in reaction to cognitive load. In this study, we, for the first time, investigated whether future thinking (i.e.

The Swinging Self: The Costs of Shifting Between Self-Images in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: We investigated the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to shift between different self-images.

Methods: We developed an original task (shifting-self task) in which we invited 28 patients with AD and 30 control participants to generate "who am I" statements that describe 2 alternative self-images (ie, physical-self vs psychological-self). In a control task, participants had to generate 2 blocks of "who am I" statements (ie, physical-self block and psychological-self block).

Singles and Faces: High Recognition for Female Faces in Single Males.

A substantial body of research has assessed the effect of gender on face recognition; however, little is known about the effect of relationship status on face recognition. In this study, we assessed for the first time how relationship status impacts face recognition by asking 62 male and female participants to decide whether they had previously encountered faces of males and females. Participants were also asked to fill a socio-demographic variables questionnaire which included, among other information, question about their relationship status (i.

Wealth stratified inequalities in service utilisation of breast cancer screening across the geographical regions: a pooled decomposition analysis.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women in low-resourced countries. Reduction of its impacts is achievable with regular screening and early detection. The main aim of the study was to examine the role of wealth stratified inequality in the utilisation breast cancer screening (BCS) services and identified potential factors contribute to the observed inequalities.

The Neural Signature of Impaired Dual-Tasking in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Patients.

Unlabelled: Dual-task gait can be a useful biomarker for cognitive decline and a sensitive predictor of future neurodegeneration in certain clinical populations, such as patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Objectives: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the neural signature of dual-tasking deficits in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder using a validated gait paradigm.

Methods: Fifty-eight participants (28 controls; 30 idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients) were recruited; 52 participants had functional MRI scans as they performed a validated dual-task virtual reality gait paradigm using foot pedals.

Aggression and Older Adults: News Media Coverage across Care Settings and Relationships.

Systematic, in-depth exploration of news media coverage of aggression and older adults remains sparse, with little attention to how and why particular frames manifest in coverage across differing settings and relationships. Frame analysis was used to analyze 141 English-language Canadian news media articles published between 2008 and 2019. Existing coverage tended towards stigmatizing, fear-inducing, and biomedical framings of aggression, yet also reflected and reinforced ambiguity, most notably around key differences between settings and relations of care.

Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought: Pessimistic View of Future in Patients With Alzheimer Disease.

Objective: In this study, we, for the first time, evaluated future-oriented repetitive thought in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), that is, how they think and worry about the future.

Methods: We administered the Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought scale to 34 patients with AD and 37 control participants. This scale assessed 3 categories of future-oriented repetitive thought: (1) pessimistic repetitive future thinking (eg, "I think about the possibility of losing people or things that are important to me"), (2) repetitive thinking about future goals (eg, "I make specific plans for how to get things that I want in life"), and (3) positive indulging about the future (eg, "When I picture good things happening in my future, it is as if they were actually happening to me now").

Exploring Strategies for Using Social Media to Self-Manage Health Care When Living With and Beyond Breast Cancer: In-Depth Qualitative Study.

Background: As breast cancer survival rates improve and structural health resources are increasingly being stretched, health providers require people living with and beyond breast cancer (LwBBC) to self-manage aspects of their care.

Objective: This study aimed to explore how women use and experience social media to self-manage their psychosocial needs and support self-management across the breast cancer continuum.

Methods: The experiences of 21 women (age range 27-64 years) were explored using an in-depth qualitative approach.

Methylphenidate improves executive functions in patients with traumatic brain injuries: a feasibility trial via the idiographic approach.

Background: Road traffic accidents are known to be the main cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is also a leading cause of death and disability. This study, by means of the idiographic approach (single-case experimental designs using multiple-baseline designs), has examined whether methylphenidate (MPH - trade name Ritalin) had a differential effect on cognitive measures among patients with TBI with the sequel of acute and chronic post-concussion syndromes.

Are bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder increasing? Results of a population-based study of lifetime prevalence and lifetime prevalence by age in South Australia.

Objective: This study aimed to provide updated lifetime prevalence estimates of eating disorders, specifically bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) and investigate changes over time in lifetime prevalence by age.

Method: Two thousand nine hundred seventy-seven participants from South Australia were interviewed in the Health Omnibus Survey. DSM-5 criteria were used for current and broad (in accord with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-11 [ICD-11]) criteria for lifetime prevalence of BED.

Mind-wandering in Parkinson's disease hallucinations reflects primary visual and default network coupling.

Visual hallucinations are an underappreciated symptom affecting the majority of patients during the natural history of Parkinson's disease. Little is known about other forms of abstract and internally generated cognition - such as mind-wandering - in this population, but emerging evidence suggests that an interplay between the brain's primary visual and default networks might play a crucial role in both internally generated imagery and hallucinations. Here, we explored the association between mind-wandering and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease, and their relationship with brain network coupling.

Female Body Dissatisfaction and Attentional Bias to Body Images Evaluated Using Visual Search.

One factor, believed to predict body dissatisfaction is an individual's propensity to attend to certain classes of human body image stimuli relative to other classes. These attentional biases have been evaluated using a range of paradigms, including dot-probe, eye-tracking and free view visual search, which have yielded a range of - often contradictory - findings. This study is the first to employ a classic compound visual search task to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and attentional biases to images of underweight and with-overweight female bodies.

The subjective experience of mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease.

Little is known about mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we evaluated the subjective experience of mind wandering in AD. We invited AD patients and control participants to rate the occurrence, intentionality, emotionality, visual imagery, specificity, self-relatedness and temporal orientation of mind wandering.

Psychological outcomes following surgical and endoscopic bariatric procedures: A systematic review.

Obesity is a leading global epidemic. Bariatric surgery is the only treatment demonstrating substantial long-term weight loss and medical benefits. However, there is limited research on the psychological outcomes following surgery.

Association of Psychosocial Factors With Risk of Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: This study examines the prospective association between a range of psychosocial factors and common noncommunicable diseases.

Methods: In October 2018, nationally representative data were analyzed from 11,637 adults followed annually between 2003 and 2013. Participants reported on psychosocial factors they experienced in the 12 months preceding each wave.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and mental health in older adolescents: A multi-level cross-sectional analysis.

Physical activity interventions that promote cardiorespiratory (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) may improve mental health in young adolescents. However, less is known about the links between fitness and mental health in older adolescents, as they are an understudied population. In addition, the association between MF and adolescents' mental health is less clear than it is for CRF.

Maladaptive avoidance patterns in Parkinson's disease are exacerbated by symptoms of depression.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Given that dopamine is critically involved in learning and other cognitive processes, such as working memory, dopamine loss in PD has been linked both to learning abnormalities and to cognitive dysfunction more generally in the disease. It is unclear, however, whether avoidance behavior is impacted in PD.

A trial protocol for the effectiveness of digital interventions for preventing depression in adolescents: The Future Proofing Study.

Background: Depression frequently first emerges during adolescence, and one in five young people will experience an episode of depression by the age of 18 years. Despite advances in treatment, there has been limited progress in addressing the burden at a population level. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in prevention approaches as an additional pathway to address depression.

The experience of mothers supporting self-determination of adult sons and daughters with intellectual disability.

Background: The right of people with disability to be self-determining, to live a life of their choosing, is increasingly recognized and promoted. For adults with intellectual disability, support to enable self-determination may be required. This is often provided by family, yet little is understood about the experience of providing such support.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Associated Factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) Countries.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has important protective effects on child survival and also increases the growth and development of infants. This paper examined EBF rates and associated factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) countries. A weighted sample of 19,735 infants from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in ECOWAS countries for the period of 2010-2018 was used.

Green model to adapt classical conditioning learning in the hippocampus.

Compared with the biological paradigms of classical conditioning, non-adaptive computational models are not capable of realistically simulating the biological behavioural functions of the hippocampal regions, because of their implausible requirement for a large number of learning trials, which can be on the order of hundreds. Additionally, these models did not attain a unified, final stable state even after hundreds of learning trials. Conversely, the output response has a different threshold for similar tasks in various models with prolonged transient response of unspecified status via the training or even testing phases.