The OnSPN2 from the nipa palm hispid beetle Octodonta nipae is a multipurpose defense tool against proteases from different peptidase families.

Serpins (serine protease inhibitors) constitute a superfamily of proteins with functional diversity and unusual conformational flexibility. In insects, serpins act as multiple inhibitors, by forming inactive acyl-enzyme complexes, in regulating Spätzles activation, phenoloxidases (POs) activity, and other cytokines. In this study, we present the cloning and characterization of Octodonta nipae serpin2 (OnSPN2), a 415 residues protein homologous to Tenebrio molitor 42Dd-like.

Role of mutation G255A in modulating pyrethroid sensitivity in insect sodium channels.

A voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) plays a crucial role in insect electrical signals, and it is a target for various naturally occurring and synthesized neurotoxins, including pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The type of agent is typically widely used to prevent and control sanitary and agricultural pests. The perennial use of insecticides has caused mutations in VGSCs that have given rise to resistance in most insects.

Signaling pathways mediating the induction of preharvest fruit drop in litchi.

Certain litchi varieties, such as "Nuomici", are highly susceptible to preharvest fruit drop, which leads to significant losses in fruit yield and economic value. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this issue are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the signaling pathways that facilitate preharvest fruit drop in litchi, using "Nuomici" and "Huaizhi" cultivars as examples, which demonstrate high and low preharvest fruit drop rates, respectively.

Chloride accumulation in inland rivers of China and its toxic impact on cotton.

The escalation of major ion concentrations in freshwater and soil poses diverse effects on ecosystems and the environment. Excessive ions can exhibit toxicity to aquatic organisms and terrestrial plants. Currently, research on ion toxicity primarily focuses on cation toxicity.

Gene pyramiding improved cell membrane stability under heat stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Climate change has been drastically affecting cotton not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Normally cotton is known as heat tolerant when compared with other crops, but if the high temperature occurs during flowering period the yield decreases significantly. Marker assisted gene pyramiding provides a sustainable solution to improve heat tolerance.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MYB Transcription Factor Family in Response to Various Abiotic Stresses in Coconut ( L.).

Abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, drought, and salinity significantly impact coconut production, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying coconut's response to these stresses are poorly understood. MYB proteins, a large and diverse family of transcription factors (TF), play crucial roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses, but their genome-wide characterization and functional roles in coconut have not been comprehensively explored. This study identified 214 genes (39 1R-MYB, 171 R2R3-MYB, 2 3R-MYB, and 2 4R-MYB) in the coconut genome.

Deep insights into the assembly mechanisms, co-occurrence patterns, and functional roles of microbial community in wastewater treatment plants.

The understanding of activated sludge microbial status and roles is imperative for improving and enhancing the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we conducted a deep analysis of activated sludge microbial communities across five compartments (inflow, effluent, and aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic tanks) over temporal scales, employing high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and metagenome data. Clearly discernible seasonal patterns, exhibiting cyclic variations, were observed in microbial diversity, assembly, co-occurrence network, and metabolic functions.

The mid-domain effect in flowering phenology.

The timing of flowering is an important driver of species distribution and community assembly patterns. However, we still have much to learn about the factors that shape flowering diversity (i.e.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of and Family Members in Sweet Potato: Response to Excessive Nitrogen Stress during Storage Root Formation.

(1) The development of sweet potato storage roots is impacted by nitrogen (N) levels, with excessive nitrogen often impeding development. Starch synthesis enzymes such as sucrose synthase (SUS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) are pivotal in this context. Although the effects of excessive nitrogen on the formation of sweet potato storage roots are well documented, the specific responses of and have not been extensively reported on.

Fire effects on soil CH and NO fluxes across terrestrial ecosystems.

Fire, as a natural disturbance, significantly shapes and influences the functions and services of terrestrial ecosystems via biotic and abiotic processes. Comprehending the influence of fire on soil greenhouse gas dynamics is crucial for understanding the feedback mechanisms between fire disturbances and climate change. Despite work on CO fluxes, there is a large uncertainty as to whether and how soil CH and NO fluxes change in response to fire disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems.

Transcriptome analysis suggested that lncRNAs regulate rapeseed seedlings in responding to drought stress by coordinating the phytohormone signal transduction pathways.

The growth, yield, and seed quality of rapeseed are negatively affected by drought stress. Therefore, it is of great value to understand the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon. In a previous study, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to play a key role in the response of rapeseed seedlings to drought stress.

Soil methane emissions from plain poplar (Populus spp.) plantations with contrasting soil textures.

The forest soil methane (CH) flux exhibits high spatiotemporal variability. Understanding these variations and their driving factors is crucial for accurately assessing the forest CH budget. In this study, we monitored the diurnal and seasonal variations in soil CH fluxes in two poplar (Populus spp.

The chloroplast genome of Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. and its exploration in the evolutionary position uncertainty of genus Chrozophora.

Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. is a biennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has medicinal properties.

Enhancing the yield of Xenocoumacin 1 in Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001 by optimizing the fermentation process.

Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn 1), antibiotic discovered from secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus nematophila, had the potential to develop into a new pesticide due to its excellent activity against bacteria, oomycetes and fungi. However, the current low yield of Xcn1 limits its development and utilization. To improve the yield of Xcn1, response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal composition of fermentation medium and one factor at a time approach was utilized to optimize the fermentation process.

Functional Characterization of Double Mutations T929I/K1774N in the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel of (Bagnall) Related to Pyrethroid Resistance.

(Bagnall), the main pest on legume vegetables, is controlled by pyrethroids in the field. Field strains of resistant to pyrethroids were collected from three areas in Hainan Province (Haikou, Ledong, and Sanya City), and two mutations, T929I and K1774N, were detected in the voltage-gated sodium channel. In this study, the sodium channel in was first subcloned and successfully expressed in oocytes.

YOLOv8-MU: An Improved YOLOv8 Underwater Detector Based on a Large Kernel Block and a Multi-Branch Reparameterization Module.

Underwater visual detection technology is crucial for marine exploration and monitoring. Given the growing demand for accurate underwater target recognition, this study introduces an innovative architecture, YOLOv8-MU, which significantly enhances the detection accuracy. This model incorporates the large kernel block (LarK block) from UniRepLKNet to optimize the backbone network, achieving a broader receptive field without increasing the model's depth.

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Xenocoumacin 1, a Natural Product from against .

(Lib.) de Bary, a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen, has brought about significant losses in agriculture and floriculture. Until now, the most common method for controlling has been the application of fungicides.

Social cognition, socioeconomic status and subjective well-being of Chinese migrant workers.

Subjective well-being is based on the unity of internal and external needs, as well as material and non-material needs. However, existing research lacks consideration of the impact of both objective material conditions and subjective psychological cognition on the subjective well-being of migrant workers. Thus, based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey, this paper applies ordered logit models and OLS models to investigate the impact of social cognition and socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of migrant workers and their intergenerational differences.

Mutation V65I in the β1 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Confers Neonicotinoid and Sulfoxaflor Resistance in Insects.

Neonicotinoids have been widely used to control pests with remarkable effectiveness. Excessive insecticides have led to serious insect resistance. Mutations of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are one of the reasons for neonicotinoid resistance conferred in various agricultural pests.

The impact of urban integration on the intention of settlement and residence among migrants: The empirical evidence from China.

Promoting urban integration is the key to improving the efficiency of labor allocation in developing countries and promoting coordinated regional development. Using the data of the migrants' observation sample in 2012-2017 released by China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper draws on theories related to urban integration and labor migration to study the urban integration status, intention of settlement and residence in China's agricultural household labor force in depth, as well as the correlation between the two. The study finds a significant decline in the intention of settlement and a gradual increase in the intention of residence among the migrants.

Gut microbiota modulation enhances the immune capacity of lizards under climate warming.

Background: Host-microbial interactions are expected to affect species' adaptability to climate change but have rarely been explored in ectothermic animals. Some studies have shown that short-term warming reduced gut microbial diversity that could hamper host functional performance.

Results: However, our longitudinal experiments in semi-natural conditions demonstrated that warming decreased gut microbiota diversity at 2 months, but increased diversity at 13 and 27 months in a desert lizard (Eremias multiocellata).

A comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data for comparison of cold tolerance in two Brassica napus genotypes.

Brassica napus is an important oil crop and cold stress severely limits its productivity. To date, several studies have reported the regulatory genes and pathways involved in cold-stress responses in B. napus.

Genome-wide identification of the expansin gene family in netted melon and their transcriptional responses to fruit peel cracking.

Introduction: Fruit cracking not only affects the appearance of netted melons ( L. var. reticulatus Naud.

The genome assembly and annotation of the white-lipped tree pit viper .

, also known as the white-lipped pit viper or white-lipped tree viper, is a highly venomous snake distributed across Southeast Asia and the cause of many snakebite cases. In this study, we report the first whole genome assembly of obtained with next-generation sequencing from a specimen collected in Mengzi, Yunnan, China. After genome sequencing and assembly, the genome of this male individual was 1.