Densification: Hyaluronan Aggregation in Different Human Organs.

Hyaluronan (HA) has complex biological roles that have catalyzed clinical interest in several fields of medicine. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of HA aggregation, also called densification, in human organs. The literature suggests that HA aggregation can occur in the liver, eye, lung, kidney, blood vessel, muscle, fascia, skin, pancreatic cancer and malignant melanoma.

Gallbladder Volvulus: A Review.

Gallbladder volvulus is an uncommon condition that mostly affects older women. The cause of gallbladder volvulus is unknown, although intraoperative evidence of a floating gallbladder with a twisting of its pedicle, resulting in gallbladder ischemia, may lead to subsequent complications. Gallbladder volvulus symptoms are similar to acute cholecystitis, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Radiomics in medical imaging: pitfalls and challenges in clinical management.

Background: Radiomics and radiogenomics are two words that recur often in language of radiologists, nuclear doctors and medical physicists especially in oncology field. Radiomics is the technique of medical images analysis to extract quantitative data that are not detected by human eye.

Methods: This article is a narrative review on Radiomics in Medical Imaging.

Baicalin attenuates amyloid β oligomers induced memory deficits and mitochondria fragmentation through regulation of PDE-PKA-Drp1 signalling.

Rationale: Mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Baicalin plays a significant role in rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the effect of baicalin treatment on the modulation of mitochondrial fragmentation has not yet been assessed.

An Unusual Presentation of Acute Cholecystitis due to a Gallbladder Volvulus in a Young Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The gallbladder volvulus is a rare entity of acute abdomen and a life-threatening condition that requires urgent surgery. The etiology of gallbladder volvulus is still unclear, and there is intraoperative evidence of a floating gallbladder that leads to a twisting of its pedicle, thus causing gallbladder ischemia and necrosis. Gallbladder volvulus is more frequently encounter in elderly females.

Long Term Survival Analysis in a Cohort of 125 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Small Drug Eluting Beads.

Purpose: Different types of drug-eluting beads have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but long-term results are not well known. We report safety, efficacy and long-term overall survival of HCC patients not amenable of curative therapies treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using drug-eluting beads sized 70-150 micron.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 125 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (80), B (45) and compensated cirrhosis.

Portal vein embolization: rationale, techniques, outcomes and novel strategies.

The incidence of liver cancer has grown in the past decade, with 905,677 new cases and 830,180 deaths in 2020. According to the highest annual fatality ratio, liver cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for long-term survival.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Managed by Interventional Radiology.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the technical and clinical success of trans-arterial embolization (TAE) as a treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to describe its safety; moreover, we describe the characteristics of these patients.

Methods: Thirty-four COVID-19 hospitalized patients presented with GIB. Risk factors, drugs administered for COVID-19 infection, and clinical and biological parameters were evaluated.

Whole-lung low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) for non-intubated oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia receiving dexamethasone and/or remdesevir.

Background: Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) has produced anti-inflammatory effects in both animal models and early human trials of COVID-19-related pneumonia. The role of whole-lung LD-RT within existing treatment paradigms merits further study.

Methods: A phase II prospective trial studied the addition of LD-RT to standard drug treatments.

Advanced cardiac imaging in athlete's heart: unravelling the grey zone between physiologic adaptation and pathology.

Over the last decades, interest toward athlete's heart has progressively increased, leading to improve the knowledge on exercise-induced heart modifications. Sport may act as a trigger for life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with structural or electrical abnormalities, hence requiring to improve the diagnostic capability to differentiate physiological from pathological remodeling. Pathological alterations are often subtle at the initial stages; therefore, the challenge is to promptly identify athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death during the pre-participation screening protocols.

Symmetric Reconstruction of Functional Liver Segments and Cross-Individual Correspondence of Hepatectomy.

Accurate localization and analyses of functional liver segments are crucial in devising various surgical procedures, including hepatectomy. To this end, they require the extraction of a liver from computed tomography, and then the identification of resection correspondence between individuals. The first part is usually impeded by inherent deficiencies, as present in medical images, and vast anatomical variations across subjects.

Molecular imaging in MSK radiology: Where are we going?

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pathologies are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, treatment options and understanding of pathogenetic processes are still partially unclear, mainly due to a limited ability in early disease detection and response to therapy assessment. In this scenario, thanks to a strong technological advancement, structural imaging is currently established as the gold-standard of diagnosis in many MSK disorders but each single diagnostic modality (plain films, high-resolution ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance) still suffer by a low specificity regarding the characterization of inflammatory processes, the quantification of inflammatory activity levels, and the degree of response to therapy.

Semi-automatic liver segmentation based on probabilistic models and anatomical constraints.

Segmenting a liver and its peripherals from abdominal computed tomography is a crucial step toward computer aided diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Despite the recent advances in computing methods, faithfully segmenting the liver has remained a challenging task, due to indefinite boundary, intensity inhomogeneity, and anatomical variations across subjects. In this paper, a semi-automatic segmentation method based on multivariable normal distribution of liver tissues and graph-cut sub-division is presented.

Association between pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 severe pneumonia: Experience from two centers in the core of the infection Italian peak.

Purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients can play a key role in precipitating clinical conditions. We aimed to evaluate PE distribution on CTA and to investigate any possible association with D-dimer (DD), pulmonary stage of disease and prognosis.

Method: COVID-19 patients of two affiliated Hospitals, undergone a CTA examination for PE suspicion, were retrospectively enrolled.

Deep vein thrombosis in COVID-19 patients in general wards: prevalence and association with clinical and laboratory variables.

Background: Preliminary reports suggest a hypercoagulable state in COVID-19. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is perceived as a frequent finding in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but data describing the prevalence of DVT are lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to report the prevalence of DVT in COVID-19 patients in general wards, blinded to symptoms/signs of disease, using lower extremities duplex ultrasound (LEDUS) in random patients.

Ultra-low-dose chest CT in adult patients with cystic fibrosis using a third-generation dual-source CT scanner.

Introduction: Chest computed tomography (CT) examinations are performed routinely in some cystic fibrosis (CF) centers in order to evaluate lung disease progression in CF patients. Continuous CT technological advancement in theory could allows a lower radiation exposure of CF patients during chest CT examinations without an image quality reduction, and this could become increasingly important over time in order to reduce the cumulative radiation dose effects given the continuous increase of CF patients predicted median survival.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare objective and subjective image quality and radiation dose between low-dose chest CT examinations performed in adult CF patients using a third-generation DSCT scanner and a 64-slices single-source CT (SSCT) scanner.

Sarcoidosis-like disease mimicking metastases during adjuvant ipilimumab therapy in advanced melanoma patient: CT scan and MRI help in managing difficult clinical decision.

The onset of an autoimmune, sarcoidosis-like reaction during or after treatment with immunomodulatory drugs as Ipilimumab is an atypical but renowned eventuality. Awareness of this scenario and its radiological features helps the Radiologist to avoid misdiagnosis of disease progression. In this case report, we present a patient operated for advanced cutaneous melanoma of the left forearm who developed hilar adenopathies with lung and splenic nodules during therapy with Ipilimumab in adjuvant setting.

Erratum: An erratum on "Application of three-dimensional printing in interventional medicine" [J Interv Med (February 2020) 1-16].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.

Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study.

Aim: To understand the impact of COVID-19 on radiology trainee experience and well-being.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire designed to capture the impact of COVID-19 on radiology training, working patterns, and well-being was sent to all speciality trainees in a regional UK radiology school. The survey was distributed at the beginning of May 2020 and responses collected over 2 weeks.

The posterior talocalcaneal ligament: an MRI evaluation.

Purpose: A wide inter-individual variability in terms of size, orientation and insertion is observed regarding ankle ligaments. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the anatomical features of the posterior talocalcaneal ligament (PTCL) observed through the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ankle.

Methods: The study was retrospectively carried out on 893 ankle MRI's exams.