Lung function may recover after coal mine fire smoke exposure: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background And Objective: The 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire exposed residents in nearby Morwell to high concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM) for approximately 6 weeks. This analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term impact on respiratory health.

Use of metered dose inhalers for bronchodilator responsiveness testing: laboratory practices in Australia and opportunities for carbon footprint reduction.

Background: Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are important devices for delivering inhaled medications; however, they have an outsized carbon footprint due to their propellant gas. Many short-acting beta-agonist inhalers contain HFA-134a which has a global warming potential >1000 fold higher than carbon dioxide. We aimed to determine the practices around MDI use and disposal within Australia's major lung function testing laboratories and identify the actions that most influence the carbon footprint of bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) testing.

Association between high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm among males and females aged 60 years and over.

Objective: Whether high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) has a protective role against abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development in both older males and females remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the sex-specific association between HDL-c and incident AAA in older adults from the UK Biobank.

Methods: This cohort study included 86,184 males and 95,682 females aged ≥60 years from the UK biobank.

Cost-effectiveness of first-line systemic therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: To examine the cost-effectiveness of first-line systemic therapies recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (uHCC) from the US social and payer's perspective.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a three-state partitioned survival model to assess the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, tremelimumab plus durvalumab, durvalumab, lenvatinib and sorafenib as first-line treatments for uHCC. Clinical efficacy was derived from a published network meta-analysis.

A network comparison analysis of socio-ecological protective and risk factors of depression between Chinese urban and rural adolescents.

Background: Anchoring in the socio-ecological framework and the differential impact theory, the present study pioneered to explore the differential network structures of multilevel risk and protective factors that influence depression among Chinese urban and rural adolescents.

Method: A sample of 684 urban adolescents and 1123 rural adolescents completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring their depressive symptoms, as well as risk and protective factors at intrapersonal (psychological flexibility, emotion regulation), interpersonal (social support, parental control), and social levels (social capital, stressful life events).

Results: Central risk and protective factors in both groups included psychological flexibility, which bridged intrapersonal, interpersonal and social resources, along with social support, social capital, rumination, catastrophizing, and self-blame.

Associations between low sex steroid concentrations and incidence of knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older women.

Objective: To examine whether low circulating sex steroid concentrations are associated with the incidence of knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older women.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study examined 5535 Australian women recruited into the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, aged ≥70 years, not taking medications affecting sex steroid concentrations, and with sex steroid concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis was determined by hospitalisations for knee and hip surgical procedures where osteoarthritis was recorded as the indication.

Generative tension and social risk management surrounding sexualised drug use practice among men who have sex with men in highly stigmatised environments: A qualitative study from Jakarta, Indonesia.

Background: Global policies emphasise the need for tailored interventions to reduce the harms of sexualised drug use (SDU) among men who have sex with men (MSM), including taking account of local risk environments and the influence of social norms, drug and sexual minority stigma, and cultural and political conditions. To help guide the production of local SDU harm reduction interventions, this study aimed to explore the social and structural conditions that shape the practice of, and response to, SDU by MSM in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: Informed by an interactionism theoretical perspective and socioecological frameworks, a reflexive thematic approach was used to analyse in-depth qualitative interview data from 20 MSM who practised SDU in Jakarta.

Extreme temperature increases the risk of COPD morbimortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review examines how extreme temperatures impact chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity and mortality, focusing on identifying vulnerable subpopulations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search from January 1, 2000, to November 6, 2024, across databases like PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on observational studies that quantitatively defined extreme temperatures and their impacts on COPD morbidity and mortality. Out of 3140 records, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Antibiotics rapidly reduce intestinal bacterial diversity, leading to dysbiosis that persists for months to years. Although emerging evidence from retrospective and claims-based studies has linked dysbiosis to cognitive function, prospective data are lacking. We aim to examine the prospective association of antibiotics with cognitive aging among initially healthy older adults.

Hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins with C(sp)─H compounds enabled by NiH-catalyzed radical relay.

The hydroalkylation reaction of olefins with alkanes is a highly desirable synthetic transformation toward the construction of C(sp)─C(sp) bonds. However, such transformation has proven to be challenging for unactivated olefins, particularly when the substrates lack directing groups or acidic C(sp)─H bonds. Here, we address this challenge by merging NiH-catalyzed radical relay strategy with a HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) process.

Defining harmful news reporting on community firearm violence: A modified Delphi consensus study.

Community firearm violence (CFV), including fatal and non-fatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence, disproportionately harms people from marginalized racial groups. News reporting on CFV can further exacerbate these harms. However, examining the effects of harmful news reporting on CFV on individuals, communities, and society is hindered by the lack of a consensus definition of harmful reporting on CFV.

A systematic review of qualitative studies examining barriers and facilitators to orthopaedic surgeon engagement with patient-reported outcome measures data.

Background: Orthopaedic surgeon engagement with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) data has not been comprehensively evaluated, despite increasing uptake of orthopaedic PROMs programmes globally. The aim of this review was to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators to orthopaedic surgeons' engagement with PROMs data and their use of these data to support clinical practice.

Methods: Six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and EMCARE) were searched from January 2000-March 2024 to identify potentially eligible qualitative studies.

Individual and joint associations between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function: A longitudinal analysis among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Introduction: Studies using cross-sectional data or with a short follow-up period fail to distinguish whether the associations between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function result from reverse causation.

Methods: The longitudinal study examined the individual and joint associations, with specific temporality, between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function, using time-lagged linear mixed models and generalized additive mixed models.

Results: A total of 14,694 participants aged ≥ 50 years were included, with an average lagged time of 4.

Association of Cognitive Symptoms and Abnormal Oculomotor Signs With Recovery in Adolescents After Sport-Related Concussion.

Objective: Sport-related concussion (SRC) affects cognitive and oculomotor function. We evaluated recovery from SRC in athletes with cognitive symptoms and/or oculomotor impairments who were prescribed early aerobic exercise treatment.

Design: Secondary exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Population pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-an ASAP ECMO study.

This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to identify dosing regimens with a high likelihood of achieving effective exposures. Serial blood samples were collected over a single-dosing interval during ECMO. Total plasma concentrations were measured by a validated chromatographic assay.

Characteristics of Children, Youth, and Young Adults With Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in New Zealand Aotearoa.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children, youth, and young adults is increasing, yet limited information is known about the characteristics and management of these groups with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes in primary care. The aim of the study is to explore the characteristics of people with T1D and T2D aged < 25 years across the Auckland and Waikato regions of New Zealand. : Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from electronic primary care records (February 2021-July 2022) of four primary healthcare organisations, with medication data sourced from the National Pharmaceutical dataset.

Factors Associated with Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations for COPD Patients: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Perspectives.

Purpose: Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) refer to hospital encounters that could potentially be prevented with improved primary care. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as one of the typical ACSCs, and its hospitalization is considered potentially preventable through the quality primary care. However, the literature on factors influencing Potentially Preventable Hospitalization (PPH) has rarely been conducted from the patient perspective, especially in China.

Renal function and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the potential mediating role of carnitine metabolites.

Context: Renal function may play a crucial role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, prospective studies on this topic are scarce and the mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To assess the associations of early-pregnancy renal function with GDM and the mediating role of carnitine metabolites.

Early milk cereal drink consumption correlated with rapid weight gain but not with subsequent adiposity.

Aim: The role of infant nutrition in rapid weight gain (RWG) is not well understood. This study investigated associations between milk cereal drinks, early RWG, and later body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

Methods: In total, 1333 children, from three communities in Western Sweden constituted the combined IDEFICS-I.

Differing clinical characteristics among individuals with concussions sustained at work, in motor vehicle collisions, and sport.

Purpose: To compare clinical characteristics in patients with concussions sustained by prevalent, but understudied, mechanisms (work-related concussion [WRC] and motor vehicle collision [MVC]-related concussion) to sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: Retrospective review of 281 electronic medical records from an outpatient concussion clinic. Time since injury (days), duration of care (days), amount of care (number of visits), and perceived health (Short-Form 12) were collected.

Health economic evaluation alongside randomised clinical trial of a health behaviour intervention to manage type 2 diabetes in Nepal.

Background: Prevention of type 2 diabetes is becoming an urgent public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is currently no evidence of a cost-effective approach of health behaviour interventions from community settings in low-income countries like Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the within-trial economic evaluation of a health behaviour intervention compared with usual care for managing type 2 diabetes in a community setting in Nepal.

Content and face validity of preference-based quality of life instruments in indigenous youth experiencing mental health problems: a qualitative study.

Background: Mainstream preference-based quality of life (QoL) measures have been traditionally based on Western principles of health. It is critical to examine whether existing preference-based QoL measures capture what is important to Indigenous people while being comprehensive and culturally acceptable. This study aims to assess the content and face validity of the EuroQol-5 dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5 L), 12-item short form survey (SF-12), assessment of quality of life-6 dimensions (AQoL-6D), and recovering quality of life 10-item (ReQoL-10) within the context of indigenous youth mental health.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Female Reproductive Health Following Ebola Virus Disease.

The viral hemorrhagic fevers Lassa fever (LF) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been documented to cause long-term health problems in survivors. Limited studies have noted the presence of adverse reproductive health outcomes, including menstrual irregularities and pregnancy loss, after recovery from infection. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize existing knowledge surrounding reproductive health in female survivors of LF and EVD.