Positive deviance/hearth intervention in collaboration between academia and NGOs: a realist evaluation.

Numerous NGOs and donors from high-income countries (HICs) offer diverse funding to assist LMICs. A collaborative effort in nutrition programs in urban communities was conducted by an international NGO with a local university, representing the NGO's first mode of partnership with academia. This study used realist evaluation to understand how and why Positive Deviance/Hearth intervention conducted by NGOs collaborated with university work or failed to work in urban population.

Adapting the Role of Doulas to Enhance Supports for Perinatal People with Substance Use Disorders.

Purpopse: There is a gap in the current literature regarding how doula care may be implemented into existing systems in Montana to best address the needs of individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) during the perinatal period. Doulas may be particularly well positioned to reach a diverse range of patients, allowing them to feel supported and advocated for within the medical system. This study aims to illustrate the perspectives and experiences of doulas, individuals who have experienced perinatal SUDs, and maternal and mental health providers.

Racial disparities in gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Black and White pregnant people with obesity.

Objective: This study of pregnant people with obesity examined two aims in testing the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic widened racial disparity in maternal health in high-risk pregnancies; it compared by race both (1) gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and (2) patterns of preexisting conditions and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included birth certificate and delivery records from a large women's specialty hospital in Louisiana between 2018 and 2022. Differences in preexisting conditions, GWG, and adverse pregnancy outcomes were explored across early-, peak-, and late-pandemic periods using log-linear regression and robust Poisson models.

MedVantage: A Primary Care Model for Populations With High Social and Medical Needs.

Despite the substantial expenditures on health care in the United States, persistent underperformance in health system metrics necessitates innovative approaches to address complex patient needs. The MedVantage Clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, offers a regionally tailored, value-based primary care model targeting patients with high social and medical needs. This study provides an evaluation of the efficacy of the MedVantage Clinic in improving the cost of care and service utilization for this population.

Non-traditional risk factors for atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, mechanisms, and strategies.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has become the pre-dominant arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis is intricately linked to the deleterious impact of cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the pivotal imperative for early detection and mitigation strategies targeting these factors for the prevention of primary AF. While traditional risk factors are well recognized, an increasing number of novel risk factors have been identified in recent decades.

Ensuring safety and optimization in total joint arthroplasty of cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis of complication risks and modifiable risk factors.

Aims & Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine whether an active cancer diagnosis results in an increased risk of perioperative TJA complications and postoperative mortality. The secondary objective is to analyze the effects of demographic factors on perioperative complication rates in cancer patients undergoing TJA.

Materials & Methods: Patients with active cancer diagnoses undergoing total joint arthroplasty from 2014 to 2020 were included in this retrospective analysis.

Mold remediation in homes after flooding.

Flooding events, particularly those caused by hurricanes and other large storm events, are increasingly fueled by climate change. Stormwater intrusion into homes creates ideal conditions for mold growth. Homes inundated by floodwaters become vulnerable to production of mold spores, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, all of which trigger a variety of poor health outcomes.

Effects of early antihypertensive treatment on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke with different neurofilament light chain levels.

Background: It is unclear whether the extent of neuroaxonal damage, as measured by circulating levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), would modify the effects of early antihypertensive therapy on cognitive performance following stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early blood pressure reduction on the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) among patients with different plasma NfL levels.

Methods: A total of 622 eligible patients from a pre-planned ancillary study of CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke) were included in this study.

Willingness to pay for a mosquito bite prevention 'forest pack' in Cambodia: results of a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Progress towards malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion has left much of the residual malaria transmission concentrated among forest-exposed populations for whom traditional domicile focused malaria vector control is unlikely to be effective. New tools to protect these populations from vector biting outdoors are needed.

Methods: Alongside implementation research on the deployment of a "forest pack" consisting of a volatile pyrethroid (transfluthrin)-based spatial repellent (VPSR), a picaridin-based topical repellent and etofenprox treatment of clothing, an assessment was made of participant willingness to pay for the forest packs and variants of the packs using a discrete choice experiment.

Cost-effectiveness of first-line systemic therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: To examine the cost-effectiveness of first-line systemic therapies recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (uHCC) from the US social and payer's perspective.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a three-state partitioned survival model to assess the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, tremelimumab plus durvalumab, durvalumab, lenvatinib and sorafenib as first-line treatments for uHCC. Clinical efficacy was derived from a published network meta-analysis.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Female Reproductive Health Following Ebola Virus Disease.

The viral hemorrhagic fevers Lassa fever (LF) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been documented to cause long-term health problems in survivors. Limited studies have noted the presence of adverse reproductive health outcomes, including menstrual irregularities and pregnancy loss, after recovery from infection. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize existing knowledge surrounding reproductive health in female survivors of LF and EVD.

Validation of a family planning self-efficacy measure with married women in Bihar, India: Findings from the Bihar Integrated Family Planning Survey.

Objectives: Adapting and testing a novel measure of family planning self-efficacy (FPSE) and examining its association with fertility intention and contraceptive use in India.

Study Design: Data were analyzed from 13,901 non-sterilized, currently married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the Bihar Integrated Family Planning Survey (BIFS) 2021. We adapted an FP Self Efficacy measure comprising women's agency to overcome barriers to accessing, discussing and using contraception, regardless of family pressure and social judgment.

Veterans Affairs Military Toxic Exposure Research Conference: Veteran-centric Approach and Community of Practice.

The U.S. Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act expands benefits and services to U.

World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League Position Statement on Hypertension Control Strategies in Prevention and Management of Stroke.

Background And Purpose:-: The goal of this consensus is to provide a comprehensive set of recommendations regarding hypertension control strategies for the prevention and management of stroke. This document is intended for prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators and health care policy makers.

Methods:-: Members of the writing group were representatives of the World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League.

Impact of daily neighborhood crime on nightly sleep among adolescents.

Crime impacts both the immediate victims and has indirect effects on the community. This study examined associations between daily neighborhood crime and actigraphy-assessed sleep outcomes using multilevel modeling. Data were from a longitudinal (14-day) study of 288 adolescents (M = 15.

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in a multi-city cohort of children with asthma: Analyzing true exposure and the validity of caregiver survey.

Introduction: The avoidance of asthma triggers, like tobacco smoke, facilitates asthma management. Reliance upon caregiver report of their child's environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may result in information bias and impaired asthma management. This analysis aimed to characterize the chronicity of ETS exposure, assess the validity of caregiver report of ETS exposure, and investigate the relationship between ETS exposure and asthma attack.

High plasma thrombomodulin level is associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.

Background: Thrombomodulin, a thrombin receptor with anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties, has been suggested to play a pivotal role in ischemic stroke. However, the association of plasma thrombomodulin with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unclear. We aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of plasma thrombomodulin with PSCI among ischemic stroke patients in a multicenter cohort study.

A 15-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Medicine Studies in : A Systematic Review.

Background: Orthopaedic sports medicine is among the most popular subspecialties. Understanding the trends in sports medicine research over time can offer insight into progress and innovation within the field. The purpose of this study was to assess both the quality of the current literature and trends in gender diversity and inclusion by evaluating publishing characteristics of sports medicine studies in The from 2007 to 2021.

A doubly robust estimator for the Mann Whitney Wilcoxon rank sum test when applied for causal inference in observational studies.

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum test (MWWRST) is a widely used method for comparing two treatment groups in randomized control trials, particularly when dealing with highly skewed data. However, when applied to observational study data, the MWWRST often yields invalid results for causal inference. To address this limitation, Wu (, Stat.