Virtual patients with substance use disorders in healthcare professional education: a scoping review.

Background And Objective: Virtual patient simulations are cost-effective methods for training health professionals. Yet, this teaching method is rarely used with clinicians who work or plan on working with people with substance use disorders. This scoping review summarizes the current state of the literature concerning virtual substance use disorder patient simulations in health professionals' training and provides suggestions for future directions.

Reduced time spent with patients and decreased satisfaction in work during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the healthcare system, affecting physician wellbeing. The consequences of reduced time spent with patients at bedside during the pandemic has not been investigated. The objectives of this study include assessing time spent with patients, physician wellbeing and patient satisfaction before and during the pandemic.

A case study: exploring the impact of 3D printed models on cognitive integration during clinical skills training.

Background: Cognitive integration occurs when trainees make conceptual connections between relevant knowledges and is known to improve learning. While several experimental studies have demonstrated how text and audio-visual instruction can be designed to enhance cognitive integration, clinical skills training in real-world contexts may require alternative educational strategies. Introducing three-dimensional (3D) printed models during clinical skills instruction may offer unique learning opportunities to support cognitive integration.

Evaluating the Podcast as an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion resource: a cross-sectional survey analysis.

Background: Equity-deserving groups are communities marginalized from institutional power by oppressive forces (e.g., racism, sexism, homophobia, ableism).

Resident perceptions of learning challenges in concussion care education.

Background: Resident-focused curricula that support competency acquisition in concussion care are currently lacking. We sought to fill this gap by developing and evaluating Spiral Integrated Curricula (SIC) using the cognitive constructivism paradigm and the Utilization-Focused Evaluation (UFE) framework. The evidence-based curricula consisted of academic half-days (AHDs) and clinics for first- and second-year family medicine residents.

Autonomy support in prenatal consultation: A quantitative observation study in maternity care.

Introduction: Maternity care professionals need to guide women through an increasing number of decision-making processes during pregnancy. Professionals tend to focus more on providing information than on decision support. According to the self-determination theory (SDT), professionals could help women make their own choices by fulfilling their three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness through autonomy-supportive interactions.

Predicting Reliable Improvements in Primary Care Youth Mental Health.

Background: Amid a youth mental health crisis, community-based early intervention services have shown promising outcomes. Understanding the specific factors that predict clinical outcomes is crucial for enhancing intervention efficacy, yet these factors remain insufficiently understood.

Aim: This study examined the individual and service-related factors associated with reliable improvement for young people (n = 4565) aged 12-25 years attending a brief primary care youth talk therapy mental health service across 14 sites.

Cognition, physical function and life purpose in the rural elderly population: a systematic review.

Introduction: Aging in rural areas is challenging and has very specific characteristics in the way these elderly people live their old age, from the perspectives of cognition, functionality and life purpose. There is a lack of information and data in the literature on how people age in rural areas around the world. The aim of this study was to identify and describe how people age in rural areas, focusing on the following domains: cognition, physical function/functionality and life purpose.

South African Dietitians' Knowledge and Perceptions of Food-Drug Interactions and Factors Affecting It.

Background: Dietitians ensure that patients receive tailored medical nutrition therapy to integrate with pharmacotherapy safely. Dietitians require a pharmacological understanding to prevent detrimental food-drug interactions (FDIs). The study investigated dietitians' knowledge of FDIs and their information sourcing.

Exploring the Nutrition Care Journey of People Living With Obesity in Acute Care.

Background: Recent studies show a high prevalence in hospital populations and best practice evidence indicates that people living with obesity should receive dietetic advice. However, patients often do not receive this care in acute settings. Understanding the experiences of people living with obesity is crucial to designing successful strategies for management.

Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Dementia Onset among Middle-aged and Older Adults: Differences by Race/Ethnicity.

Background: Racial/ethnic minoritized groups in the U.S. have higher prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and experience higher risk of dementia.

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.

Exploring aspects of mentoring for black and minoritised healthcare professionals in the UK: a nominal group technique study.

Objective: Mentoring plays a crucial role in career development, particularly for black and minoritised ethnic (BME) professionals. However, existing literature lacks clarity on the impact of mentoring and how best to deliver for career success. This study aimed to ascertain perceptions and build consensus on what is important in mentoring for BME healthcare professionals.

Long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress among the general population in Japan: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health issues of the general population in Japan is unclear. Thus, we examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress and determined their causal relationships among the general population in Japan.

Design And Setting: A longitudinal online survey was conducted by a Japanese online survey company to investigate the items regarding personal demographics, fear of COVID-19 (Japanese version of the fear of COVID-19 scale) and psychological distress (Japanese version of the Kessler 6 scale).

Exploring the relationship between personal and cohabiting family members' COVID-19 infection experiences and fear of COVID-19: a longitudinal study based on the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS).

Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationship between the combined experiences of COVID-19 infection in individuals and their family members and the resulting fear of COVID-19, with a focus on the severity of symptoms and various sociodemographic factors.

Design: Longitudinal survey study.

Setting: The Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a large-scale web panel survey administered in Japan.

Acute effect of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) on mood, anxiety and cognition in UK adults with mild to moderate anxiety and depression: the MediMood randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Psychological disorders including depression and anxiety are significant public health concerns. A Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) has been associated with improved mental well-being in observational studies. Evidence of the acute (defined as postprandial to 1 week) effects of an MDP on brain function, mood, cognition and important modulators, including sleep and the gut microbiota is limited.

Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Around 1 in 20 patients experience avoidable healthcare-associated harm worldwide. Despite longstanding concerns, there is insufficient information available about the safety of healthcare for prisoners. To address this, this study will investigate the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England.

Scope of work and contributions of female community health volunteers in Nepal's healthcare sector: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To determine the perception of female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in terms of their scope of work, impact of work on their professional experiences and their coping strategies and stakeholders' perception of FCHVs programme, their contribution to the health sector and its sustainability.

Design: A qualitative study involving in-depth interviews (IDIs) with FCHVs and key informant interviews (KIIs) with local stakeholders. All the interviews were conducted through telephone.

Protocol for a multi-domain scoping review to identify measures of decision-making ability in an ageing population.

Introduction: Deficits in decision-making (DM) can lead to adverse outcomes across multiple domains such as financial management and medical care. By hindering such DM abilities, cognitive impairment (CI) often affects quality of life. Routine screening for CI, however, does not include systematic and comprehensive assessment of DM ability.

Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the prevention and treatment of dust mite allergy: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang (China).

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning the prevention and treatment of dust mite allergy in children.

Design: This cross-sectional study survey was conducted from September to December 2022 at Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated with China Medical University.

Participants: A total of 503 parents of children with dust mite allergies participated, with 253 parents having children undergoing desensitisation treatment and 250 parents whose children did not.

Mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa have heightened risk for mental health and psychosocial burden owing to their exposure to a multiplicity of adverse conditions such as stigma and discrimination. However, there is no comprehensive evidence synthesis and evaluation of the effectiveness of mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in this region. We aim to conduct a systematic review to synthesise the literature on existing mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.

Enabling participation in community-dwelling children and young people with acquired brain injuries and their families: a theory-based, evidence-based and person-based approach to intervention development.

Objective: To codesign and develop an intervention to promote participation and well-being in children and young people (CYP) with acquired brain injury (ABI) and family caregivers.

Design: A complex intervention development study including a scoping review, mixed-methods study, co-design workshop and theoretical modelling.

Setting: Community-dwelling participants in one geographical region of the UK.

Self-advocacy positive perceptions and stage experiences in patients who had a stroke: a qualitative study in China.

Objectives: This study explored the perceptions and experiences of self-advocacy among patients who had a stroke in China.

Design: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was performed. Colaizzi's seven-step method was used to analyse the data.

Scoping review of veterans' disclosure of mental health concerns or medical conditions in the workplace and other settings: study protocol.

Introduction: Veterans deal with 'unobservable' medical or mental health conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, at higher rates than the general population. Disclosure of such conditions is important to provide social, emotional, medical and mental health support, but veterans may face challenges when deciding whether to disclose conditions, including fear of stigma or discrimination. Safe disclosure in the workplace is particularly important, as it allows employees to gain accommodations and enables employers to manage workplace health and safety effectively.

Determining the intention of receiving the influenza vaccine: a cross-sectional survey among international and domestic college students in the USA.

Objective: Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases, yet it is underused in young adults. College students are important targets for the influenza vaccine given this population's low vaccination rates; however, limited research has focused on international college students' vaccination status. This study examined the relationships between the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; attitudes, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and subjective norms) and students' intention of receiving an influenza vaccine.