Post-discharge complications and follow-up timing after hospitalization for traumatic rib fractures.

Purpose: To evaluate frequency and timing of post-discharge complications in patients with traumatic rib fractures undergoing operative or nonoperative management.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients with rib fractures admitted to a Level 1 trauma center from 1/2020 to 12/2021. Outcomes included rib-related complications, pneumonia within 1 month, new diagnosis of opioid- or alcohol-use disorder, and all-cause mortality.

KLRB1 expression in nasopharyngeal mucosa as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients.

The resurgence of COVID-19 and the rise in severe outcomes emphasize the need for reliable prognostic markers to guide patient care and optimize ICU and hospital resources. This study investigates the potential of nasopharyngeal swabs to identify biomarkers that predict ICU admission or death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We analyzed nasopharyngeal exudates from 95 hospitalized patients in 2020 using high-plex RNA quantification on the NanoString nCounter platform.

The availability of drugs for stable COPD treatment in China: a cross-sectional survey.

This survey aimed to investigate the availability of drugs for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment in Chinese hospitals and to determine whether drug availability significantly varied among hospitals with different characteristics. A well-constructed questionnaire was designed according to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of COPD (revised version 2021). Both inhaled drugs (monotherapy, double therapy and triple therapy) and oral drugs (expectorants, theophylline, antibiotics, and bacterial lysates) were included in this survey.

"I'm living in a 'no' world now…"- A qualitative study of the widespread impact of living with chronic breathlessness, and experiences of identification and assessment of this symptom in an older, frail community-based population.

Chronic breathlessness is a debilitating symptom with detrimental impact on individuals and carers. However, little is known about the experiences of community-dwelling, frail, older adults living with chronic breathlessness. To explore, (i) the psychological impact of living with chronic breathlessness, (older frail adult patients, carers) and (ii) how patients, carers, and clinicians experience identification and assessment of chronic breathlessness in the primary care setting.

The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations.

This state-of-the-art review explores the relationship between depression and diabetes, highlighting the two-way influences that make treatment challenging and worsen the outcomes of both conditions. Depression and diabetes often co-occur and share genetic, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors. Lifestyle elements such as diet, physical activity, and sleep patterns play a role on the development and management of both conditions, highlighting the need for integrated treatment strategies.

Age Self Care-Resilience, a medical group visit program targeting pre-frailty: A mixed methods pilot clinical trial.

Background: Pre-frailty is highly prevalent and multimodal lifestyle interventions are effective for preventing transition to frailty. However, little is known about the potential for medical group visits (MGV) to prevent frailty progression.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the MGV Age Self Care-Resilience.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Tenzing Assisted Delivery of Aspiration (TADA) technique for thrombectomy of medium vessel occlusions using the Freeclimb 54 catheter: multicenter experience.

Background: Medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs) account for 25-40% of acute ischemic stroke. The Tenzing 5 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) and FreeClimb 54 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) catheter is a novel delivery-aspiration catheter combination designed to facilitate aspiration thrombectomy (AT) of MeVOs. We report our clinical experience using the Tenzing assisted delivery of aspiration (TADA) technique with FreeClimb 54 for first-line AT of MeVO.

Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of late gestation oral melatonin supplementation in reducing induction of labour rates in nulliparous women: the MyTIME study protocol.

Introduction: Around the world, rates of induction of labour (IOL) among nulliparous mothers have increased in the last 10 years. In Australia, rates have increased over the last decade by 43%, from 32% to 46%. There is growing concern about the rapid rise in IOL before 41 weeks for nulliparous women without medical complications because of the associated increased rates of caesarean section, reduced satisfaction with birth, and birth trauma.

Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Moshi municipality, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Screening for cervical cancer has been a globally advocated preventive strategy to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and barriers of cervical cancer screening, and to determine factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Moshi municipality, northern Tanzania.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study between August and September 2020.

Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol.

Introduction: Access to care varies by sociodemographic group, with some groups facing higher barriers to care than others. This study will use novel methods to explore barriers and potential solutions as perceived by members of the population groups who are least able to access care. We aim to use rapid yet robust mixed methods that allow us to identify generalisable findings within each programme and testable service modifications to improve equitable access to care; delivering non-tokenistic findings within a matter of weeks.

Novel Machine Learning Applications in Peripartum Care: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Machine learning (ML), a subtype of artificial intelligence (AI), presents predictive modeling and dynamic diagnostic tools to facilitate early interventions and improve decision-making. Considering the global challenges of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, ML holds the potential to enable significant improvements in maternal and neonatal health outcomes. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of ML applications in peripartum care, summarizing the potential of these tools to enhance clinical decision-making and identifying emerging trends and research gaps.

Simulation-based training improves developmental hip dysplasia examination and diagnosis skills on newborns.

Background: Examination maneuvers used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) translate poorly to video and written curricula. This poses a challenge to teaching the infant hip exam to orthopedic, family medicine, and pediatric trainees. This work investigated the impact of the MiHip simulation-based training program on residents' knowledge, confidence, and exam skills in the simulated setting, and translation of these skills to the clinical setting.

Discontinuation of anticoagulants and occurrence of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist users with a life-limiting disease.

Background: Data on risks and benefits of long-term anticoagulants in patients with a life-limiting disease are limited. This cohort study aims to describe (dis)continuation of anticoagulants and incidences of bleeding and thromboembolic events in vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users with a life-limiting disease.

Methods: Data from five Dutch anticoagulation clinics were linked to data from Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Cancer registry.

The role of non-respiratory arousals in residual daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with positive airway pressure: An analysis of the European Sleep Apnea Database registry.

Study Objectives: To assess the impact of the non-respiratory arousal burden at baseline polysomnography (PSG) on residual daytime sleepiness in positive airway pressure (PAP)-treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We included OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnea Database registry with available arousal data who had at least 2 treatment follow-up visits. The primary outcome was the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score under PAP.

How children and adolescents with chronic pain describe their pain experiences: A qualitative systematic review.

Purpose: To explore how children and adolescents with chronic pain describe their pain experiences.

Method: A systematic search of OVID Medline, CINAHL Complete, OVID Embase and APA PsycINFO (database inception to 19th August 2024) was conducted for qualitative or mixed-method studies investigating children's chronic pain experiences. Studies were excluded if focused on post-surgical or acute pain.

Missed opportunities to support parents' use of healthy discipline.

Background: To prevent child abuse, efforts are needed to identify potentially unhealthy parenting behaviors.

Objective: To assess the proportion of parents with potentially unhealthy parenting attitudes and behaviors who receive parenting support.

Participants And Setting: Parents of children ages 6 months to 10 years completed a survey in a pediatric clinic serving low-income families in Nashville Tennessee.

Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Radioactive Iodine Therapy.

Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a common treatment for various thyroid diseases. Previous studies have suggested susceptibility of parathyroid glands to the mutagenic effect of RAI and the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We tested the possible link between prior RAI treatment, disease presentation, and treatment outcomes.

Perioperative Supportive Care Interventions to Enhance Surgical Outcomes for Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Older adults with cancer have unique needs, which likely influence surgical outcomes in the geriatric oncology population. We conducted a systematic review to describe the literature focused on perioperative supportive care interventions for older adults with cancer undergoing surgery.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search using the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases for literature published from January 2010 to October 2023.

Intra- and interobserver agreement of proposed objective transvaginal ultrasound image-quality scoring system for use in artificial intelligence algorithm development.

Objectives: The development of valuable artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist with ultrasound diagnosis depends on algorithms developed using high-quality data. This study aimed to test the intra- and interobserver agreement of a proposed image-quality scoring system to quantify the quality of gynecological transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) images, which could be used in clinical practice and AI tool development.

Methods: A proposed scoring system to quantify TVS image quality was created following a review of the literature.

Efficacy of a clinical decision support tool to promote guideline concordant evaluations in patients with high-risk microscopic hematuria: a cluster randomized quality improvement project.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether implementation of clinical decision support (CDS) tool integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) of a multi-site academic medical center increased the proportion of patients with American Urological Association (AUA) "high risk" microscopic hematuria (MH) who receive guideline concordant evaluations.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized quality improvement project in which 202 ambulatory sites from a large health system were randomized to either have their physicians receive at time of test results an automated CDS alert for patients with 'high-risk' MH with associated recommendations for imaging and cystoscopy (intervention) or usual care (control). Primary outcome was met if a patient underwent both imaging and cystoscopy within 180 days from MH result.

Factors associated with uptake and acceptability of cervical cancer screening among female sex workers in Northeastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Cervical cancer screening program in Uganda is opportunistic and focuses mainly on women aged 25-49 years. Female sex workers (FSWs) are at increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. There is limited data regarding the uptake and acceptability of cervical cancer screening among FSWs in Uganda.

Cost-effectiveness of leveraging existing HIV primary health systems and community health workers for hypertension screening and treatment in Africa: An individual-based modeling study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is increasing in Africa, largely due to undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Approaches that leverage existing primary health systems could improve hypertension treatment and reduce CVD, but cost-effectiveness is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of population-level hypertension screening and implementation of chronic care clinics across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa.

Impacts of continuing education on Primary Health Care professionals-A scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Continuing Health Education is a strategy that integrates learning into the work process to transform health practices. Primary health care has proved to be a powerful space for consolidating continuing education, as it promotes reflection and learning based on the local singularities of the territory. Continuing health education is an important strategy for transforming the reality of Primary health care, reinventing work, and consequently changing practices.