A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Rural Primary Healthcare Professionals' Capacity for Disaster Health Management Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Rural areas face additional challenges in preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. This study aimed to understand how rural primary healthcare professionals (PHCPs) perceive their roles, involvement, and capacity in disaster health management.

Methods: For this qualitative descriptive research, semi-structured interviews were carried out with convenience and purposive samples of rural PHCPs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Building Connections and Striving to Build Better Futures: A Qualitative Interview Study of Alcohol Recovery Navigators' Practice in the North East of England, UK.

To address the holistic and continuity of care needs of people who attend North East hospitals frequently for alcohol-related reasons, Recovery Navigator (Navigator) roles were introduced into Alcohol Care Teams in six hospitals in the North East of England, UK, in 2022. The Navigators aimed to provide dedicated holistic support to patients experiencing alcohol harms, starting whilst in the hospital with the potential to continue this beyond discharge. This qualitative study explores the contributions that the Navigators make towards integrated alcohol care.

Diabetes Management Using a Patient Navigator in a Native Hawaiian Population: Experiences and Perceptions of the Kilolani Project.

Native Hawaiians (NHs) are a historically oppressed population disproportionately burdened by diabetes and related complications. The Kilolani Project, a patient navigator-centered, chronic disease management program, targets upstream drivers of health among vulnerable NH adult patients with diabetes within an urban academic safety-net clinic. To investigate the impact of the Kilolani Project, we performed a qualitative study to examine patient perspectives.

Self-Reported Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Pesticide-Handling Knowledge Among Small-Scale Horticulture Women Workers in Tanzania, a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Women constitute most of the global horticulture workforce, where pesticide use is prevalent. Protecting their health, particularly during pregnancy, is essential. However, knowledge about practices among pregnant employees that cause exposure to pesticides is limited.

Health Outcomes of Construction Workers Building Infrastructure for Mega-Sporting Events: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Migrant construction workers involved in building infrastructure for mega-sporting events face elevated risks of illness and death. However, specific health outcomes for these workers have not been systematically reviewed, limiting opportunities to identify and address their challenges.

Methods: This study systematically reviewed health outcomes among migrant construction workers involved in mega-sporting events.

Melatonin Ameliorates Organellar Calcium Homeostasis, Improving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Both Sexes of Obese Diabetic Rats.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a crucial factor in the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes (diabesity), contributing to skeletal muscle (SKM) dysfunction, calcium imbalance, metabolic inflexibility, and muscle atrophy. The ER and mitochondria together regulate intracellular calcium levels, and melatonin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, may alleviate these challenges. Our previous research showed that melatonin raises intracellular calcium and preserves muscle structure by enhancing mitochondrial function in obese diabetic rats.

Increasing Serious Illness Conversations in Patients at High Risk of One-Year Mortality Using Improvement Science: A Quality Improvement Study.

Serious illness conversation (SIC) in an important skillset for clinicians. A review of mortality meetings from an urban academic hospital highlighted the need for early engagement in SICs and advance care planning (ACP) to align medical treatments with patient-centered outcomes. The aim of this study was to increase SICs and their documentation in patients with low one-year survival probability identified by updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores.

Advancing Sustainable HIV Services Through Integration in Primary Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective on Practical Recommendations.

Sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear a disproportionate burden of the global HIV epidemic. Integrating HIV services into primary healthcare is a crucial strategy to accelerate progress towards ending the epidemic. However, several challenges hinder effective integration, including underfunding, human resource shortages, infrastructure limitations, weak health systems, and sociocultural factors.

Exploring Physician and Patient Perspectives on Expectations and Role Models Towards Chronic Pain Treatment in General Practice: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study.

Approximately 7.4% of the German population matched the criteria of impeding, chronic non-cancer-related pain in 2014. Guidelines emphasize the importance of a holistic treatment approach.

A Cross-Sectional Multivariable Analysis of the Quality of Hemodialysis Patients' Life in Lahore City, Pakistan.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe health problem with dire consequences for the quality of life of millions of individuals and their families around the globe. This quantitative study analyzes the factors associated with hemodialysis patients' quality of life (QoL) in Lahore City, Pakistan. Primary data from a sample of 384 patients were collected through regular visits to the hospital.

The Impact of Healthcare Reforms on the Epidemiology Workforce in Kazakhstan: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis with Predictive Modeling of Nationwide Data Sources from 1998 to 2022.

Background: Following its independence, Kazakhstan implemented several reforms, including the adoption of the Entrepreneurial Code in 2008. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these reforms on the number and per capita rates of epidemiologists, nurse epidemiologists, epidemiological surveillance centers, and infectious morbidity from 1998 to 2022. Such an evaluation is critical for informing policy decisions regarding the future of epidemiological services in Kazakhstan.

Healthcare Priorities, Barriers, and Preferences According to a Community Health Needs Assessment in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Community needs assessments can provide valuable insights concerning the health of communities. This study aims to measure health priorities according to community members in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, to assess healthcare service utilization, barriers to accessing these services, and preferences for utilizing government or private healthcare services. : Multistage sampling was utilized to reach a sample of adults in community settings.

Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model.

: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. : We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea.

Clinical Utility of an Alzheimer's Disease Blood Test Among Cognitively Impaired Patients: Results from the Quality Improvement PrecivityAD2 (QUIP II) Clinician Survey Study.

: The objective of this study was to assess clinical decision-making associated with the use of a multi-analyte blood biomarker (BBM) test among patients presenting with signs or symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. : The Quality Improvement PrecivityAD2 (QUIP II) Clinician Survey (NCT06025877) study evaluated the clinical utility of the PrecivityAD2™ blood test in a prospective, single cohort of 203 patients presenting with symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other causes of cognitive decline across 12 memory specialists. The PrecivityAD2 blood test (C2N Diagnostics, St.

The Experience of Adults' Family Caregivers Using Home Care Services: A Scoping Review.

Aim: To review the experiences of family caregivers using home care services, the perception of home care services and the positive and negative effects on family caregivers.

Design: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance.

Data Sources: Databases were searched in November 2023, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure).

Commonly prescribed medications and risk of pneumonia and all-cause mortality in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a UK population-based cohort study.

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with increased risks of pneumonia. A substantial proportion of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are prescribed PPIs or ICS to treat common comorbidities, giving rise to concerns that use of these medications may be associated with potential harms in this patient population.

Methods: We used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum primary care data linked to national mortality and hospital admissions data to create a cohort of people diagnosed with IPF on or after 1 January 2010.

Quality of life among healthcare workers in the hospitals and primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important measure of overall well-being linked to physical, mental, social, and environmental aspects of health. This study aimed to assess the QoL among healthcare workers (HCWs) in hospitals and primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1850 HCWs in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

What are the problems and suggestions related to cancer health education in Sichuan, China? A qualitative study of community health workers (CHWs).

Background: Health education conducted by community health workers (CHWs) is an evidence-based strategy for promoting cancer prevention, cancer screening, and adherence to medical guidance from doctors. However, CHWs are confronted with some problems related to cancer health education in China. This study aimed to clarify CHWs' awareness of problems in cancer health education in China and the solutions that they were considering to improve the quality and efficiency of cancer health education.

Psychological responses to acute exercise in patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder: a cross-over randomized trial.

Background: Understanding psychological responses to acute exercise, defined as a single bout of physical exercise, in clinical populations is essential for developing tailored interventions that account for the psychological benefits and challenges of exercise. Given its effectiveness in reducing symptoms in various psychological disorders, exercise should be further explored in Exhaustion Disorder ICD-10-SE: F43.8A (ED), characterized by persistent exhaustion following long-term psychosocial stress.

Trait mindfulness in early pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Mindfulness centered therapy has been shown to improve perinatal mental health outcomes. There is emerging evidence that mindfulness training (MT) can also be harnessed to improve somatic outcomes. Yet, little is known about which perinatal populations might benefit the most from mindfulness training interventions.

Uncoded chronic kidney disease prevalence in secondary care: a retrospective audit with population health implications.

Background: One million patients are estimated to have undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in England. Clinical coding in CKD is associated with improved management and lower acute kidney injury (AKI), unscheduled care and mortality risk. Primary care's role in coding CKD is well documented.

The effect of preoperative deep breathing exercise with incentive spirometer initiated in the preoperative period on respiratory parameters and complications in patients underwent open heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Incentive spirometer is used in lung expansion therapy to maintain alveolar patency and improve pulmonary volumes in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer significantly reduce the development of postoperative pulmonary complications after open-heart cardiac surgery.

Aim: To determine the effect of deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer initiated in the preoperative period on respiratory parameters and complications in patients who underwent open-heart surgery.

Ten pressure points in primary care during COVID-19: findings from an international narrative review.

Background: Strong primary care (PC) services are the foundation of high-performing health care systems and can support effective responses to public health emergencies. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) and PC services played crucial roles in supporting global health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these contributions have come at a cost, impacting on PC services and affecting patient care.

Referral for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support in Adult Primary Care: An Integrative Review.

Aims: The purpose of this integrative review was to identify effective diabetes self-management education and support for increasing adult primary care referrals, participation rates and improving health outcomes for persons with diabetes.

Design: Integrative review.

Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL was performed by applying the PRISMA guidelines.

Participatory Action Research to Enhance Patient-Centred Goal Setting in Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Nursing Team's Quest.

Aim: The aim of this study was to provide insights into how, through exploring goal-setting interventions, a nursing team in geriatric rehabilitation might refine their patient-centred strategies.

Design: The study design was participatory action research (PAR).

Method: Team members and nursing students, under the guidance of a facilitator, performed two PAR cycles.