Management of type 2 diabetes in New Zealand: a scoping review of interventions with measurable clinical outcomes.

Objective: This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management in New Zealand on clinical outcomes, and explore the factors impacting their feasibility and acceptability.

Study Design: Scoping review.

Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched between January 2000 and July 2023.

Potential of MRI in Assessing Treatment Response After Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.

The objective of this scoping review is to evaluate the potential of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and to determine which of the available MRI techniques reported in the literature are the most promising for assessing treatment response in breast cancer patients following neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT). Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant studies published from inception until March 13, 2023. After primary selection, 2 reviewers evaluated each study using a standardized data extraction template, guided by set inclusion and exclusion criteria.

How Does the New Australian EQ-5D-5L Value Set Impact Utility Scores? Analysis of Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.

Background: With advances in health state valuation methods, new value sets may be developed for some countries. Quantifying the impact of moving between existing and new value sets is critical for guiding decisions around utility score interpretation, reporting and comparison with published scores.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine, using large-scale national registry data, how the new Australian EQ-5D-5L value set impacts utility scores for patients undergoing joint replacement.

A prediction model for prehospital clinical deterioration: The use of early warning scores.

Background: Various prognosticative approaches to assist in recognizing clinical deterioration have been proposed. To date, early warning scores (EWSs) have been evaluated in hospital with limited research investigating their suitability in the prehospital setting. This study evaluated the predictive ability of established EWSs and other clinical factors for prehospital clinical deterioration.

The physical profile of female cricketers: An investigation between playing standard and position.

The primary aim of this study was to present the physical profile of female cricketers. Secondary, was to assess any differences between playing standard (professional vs. non-professional) and position (seam bowler vs.

Heavy drinkers' expectations and experiences when discussing alcohol use during a general practice visit in Australia: A qualitative study.

Background And Objectives: Our understanding of community members' expectations and experiences of discussing alcohol use in general practice settings is limited, particularly for people with heavy alcohol use.

Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with people with heavy alcohol use to explore their experiences of discussing alcohol use with their general practitioner (GP). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

The experiences of families of children with cerebral palsy and complex disability after three years accessing the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

Introduction: In Australia, children with cerebral palsy and complex disability receive funded supports through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This individualised funding scheme requires parents to navigate and advocate on behalf of their child, supported by expert reports, recommendations, and allied health services. Supports aim to enable participation in all areas of daily life, which may be otherwise largely inaccessible to children with complex disability and their families.

Barriers and enablers to the implementation and sustainability of short-stay arthroplasty programs for elective primary total hip and knee replacement: A systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis.

Introduction: We aimed to systematically review contemporary evidence on the barriers and enablers to implementing and sustaining short-stay arthroplasty programs for elective primary total hip and knee replacement from the perspectives of patients, health professionals, carers, healthcare administrators, funders and policymakers and to map the findings to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Methods: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched (up to 19 August 2023). Primary qualitative or mixed-methods studies reporting on perspectives relating to the review aims that utilised a short-stay programme were eligible for inclusion.

Utilisation of radiographer comments to reduce errors in the radiology department.

Introduction: Radiographer commenting is a written account of suspected abnormalities identified on medical imaging examinations by the radiographer at the time of image acquisition. Radiographer comments were originally implemented to support emergency clinicians; however, they may also have the potential to support radiologists in reducing missed findings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if a newly implemented radiographer comment system could reduce the number of errors made in radiology reports for general X-rays.

Balance measures for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older adults with COPD: A longitudinal analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases fall risk, but consensus is lacking on suitable balance measures for fall risk screening in this group. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of balance measures for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older adults with COPD.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of two studies, participants, aged ≥60 years with COPD and 12-month fall history or balance issues were tracked for 12-month prospective falls.

Uptake of multi-level HIV interventions and HIV-related behaviours among young people in rural South Africa.

Combination HIV prevention packages have reduced HIV incidence and improved HIV-related outcomes among young people. However, there is limited data on how package components interact to promote HIV-related prevention behaviours. We described the uptake of HIV prevention interventions supported by Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Motivated and Safe (DREAMS) Partnership and assessed the association between uptake and HIV-related behaviours among young people in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Natural history of pelvic floor disorders before and after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and severity of pelvic floor disorders (PFD), and the associations between treatment type and PFD, and cancer stage and PFD in patients before and after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer; and the changes in outcomes over time.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Gynaecological oncology outpatient clinics.

People from ethnic minorities seeking help for long COVID: a qualitative study.

Background: People from ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, less likely to access primary health care, and have reported dissatisfaction with health care. Although the prevalence of long COVID in ethnic minority groups is unclear, such populations are underrepresented in long-COVID specialist clinics and long-COVID lived-experience research, which informed the original long-COVID healthcare guidelines.

Aim: To understand the lived experiences of long COVID in people from ethnic minority groups.

Variability of joint hypermobility in children: a meta-analytic approach to set cut-off scores.

Current international consensus of the appropriate Beighton score cut-off to define if a child has generalised joint hypermobile or not is based upon expert opinion. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of Beighton scores of children worldwide to provide a recommendation for establishing the Beighton score cut-off to identify generalised joint hypermobility in children. We used AMED, OVID Medline, Embase and CINAHL to find published articles from inception to April 2024 describing Beighton scores of children up to and including 18 years from the general population.

Implementation of supplemental physiotherapy following hip fracture surgery: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Patient outcomes following low-trauma hip fracture are suboptimal resulting in increased healthcare costs and poor functional outcomes at 1 year. Providing early and intensive in-hospital physiotherapy could help improve patient outcomes and reduce costs following hip fracture surgery. The HIP fracture Supplemental Therapy to Enhance Recovery (HIPSTER) trial will compare usual care physiotherapy to intensive in-hospital physiotherapy for patients following hip fracture surgery.

Efficacy of heel lifts for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (the LIFT trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition, characterised by localised Achilles tendon load-related pain and dysfunction. Numerous non-surgical treatments have been proposed for the treatment of this condition, but many of these treatments have a poor or non-existent evidence base. Heel lifts have also been advocated as a treatment for Achilles tendinopathy, but the efficacy and mechanism of action of this intervention is unclear.

Clearing the air: Assessing healthcare professionals' awareness of air pollution's health consequences.

Air pollution (AP) significantly jeopardises health, with the Royal College of Physicians accepting the adverse effects of AP are not being sufficiently communicated to patients by healthcare professionals (HCP). To explore HCPs' understanding and attitudes toward AP and its health impacts, we conducted a service evaluation survey in a group of hospital doctors. A questionnaire comprising 20 questions about AP and its health associations was completed by 133 hospital doctors working at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Developing an international consensus Reporting guideline for intervention Fidelity in Non-Drug, non-surgical trials: The ReFiND protocol.

Background: Inadequate reporting of fidelity to interventions in trials limits the transparency and interpretation of trial findings. Despite this, most trials of non-drug, non-surgical interventions lack comprehensive reporting of fidelity. If fidelity is poorly reported, it is unclear which intervention components were tested or implemented within the trial, which also hinders research reproducibility.

Convergent validity of two adult self-report sensory scales: Comparing the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Sensory Processing Measure 2-Adult Form.

Introduction: Occupational therapists use standardised scales and measures to assess an individual's sensory processing factors. To date, few studies have investigated the correlations between the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (A/ASP) and the Sensory Processing Measure 2-Adult Form (SPM-2-Adult). The aim of the project is to investigate the association between the sensory processing factors measured by the A/ASP and SPM-2-Adult when completed by the same group of adult participants, with an additional research question investigating whether any significant differences existed between sensory processing scores based on participants' self-reported gender identity.

The association between dynamic balance and executive function: Which dynamic balance test has the strongest association with executive function? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: The aging global population poses increasing challenges related to falls and dementia. Early identification of cognitive decline, particularly before noticeable symptoms manifest, is crucial for effective intervention. This review aims to determine the dynamic balance test most closely associated with executive function, potentially serving as a biomarker for cognitive decline.

Self-management Programs Within Rehabilitation Yield Positive Health Outcomes at a Small Increased Cost Compared With Usual Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if self-management programs, supported by a health professional, in rehabilitation are cost effective.

Data Sources: Six databases were searched until December 2023.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials with adults completing a supported self-management program while participating in rehabilitation or receiving health professional input in the hospital or community settings were included.