Treatment of cattle with ivermectin and its effect on dung degradation and larval abundance in a tropical savanna setting.

When ingested as part of a blood meal, the antiparasitic drug ivermectin kills mosquitoes, making it a candidate for mass drug administration (MDA) in humans and livestock to reduce malaria transmission. When administered to livestock, most ivermectin is excreted unmetabolized in the dung within 5 days post administration. Presence of ivermectin, has been shown to adversely affect dung colonizers and dung degradation in temperate settings; however, those findings may not apply to, tropical environment, where ivermectin MDA against malaria would occur.

A machine learning framework to predict PPCP removal through various wastewater and water reuse treatment trains.

The persistence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) through wastewater treatment and resulting contamination of aquatic environments and drinking water is a pervasive concern, necessitating means of identifying effective treatment strategies for PPCP removal. In this study, we employed machine learning (ML) models to classify 149 PPCPs based on their chemical properties and predict their removal wastewater and water reuse treatment trains. We evaluated two distinct clustering approaches: C1 (clustering based on the most efficient individual treatment process) and C2 (clustering based on the removal pattern of PPCPs across treatments).

Orthologous marker groups reveal broad cell identity conservation across plant single-cell transcriptomes.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used in plant biology and is a powerful tool for studying cell identity and differentiation. However, the scarcity of known cell-type marker genes and the divergence of marker expression patterns limit the accuracy of cell-type identification and our capacity to investigate cell-type conservation in many species. To tackle this challenge, we devise a novel computational strategy called Orthologous Marker Gene Groups (OMGs), which can identify cell types in both model and non-model plant species and allows for rapid comparison of cell types across many published single-cell maps.

Survival of Salmonella on Biodegradable Mulch, Landscape Fabric, and Plastic Mulch.

Ground covers areused inproduce production to enhance plant growth and control diseases and pests. While various factors are considered when selecting commercial ground covers, food safety, particularly the survival of foodborne pathogens, is often overlooked. This study aimed to assess the survival ofSalmonellaon different ground covers, including biodegradable mulch, landscape fabric, and plastic mulch.

Application of deep learning models on single-cell RNA sequencing analysis uncovers novel markers of double negative T cells.

Double negative T (DNT) cells are a unique subset of CD3 + TCRαβ + T lymphocytes that lack CD4, CD8, or NK1.1 expression and constitute 3-5% of the total T cell population in C57BL/6 mice. They have increasingly gained recognition for their novel roles in the immune system, especially under autoimmune conditions.

The physiological and molecular responses of potato tuberization to projected future elevated temperatures.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops globally and is especially vulnerable to heat stress. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the developmental mechanisms associated with tuber responses to heat stress.

Horses with previous episodes of laminitis have altered insulin responses to seasonal oral sugar testing and grazing compared to horses with no known history of laminitis.

Forage is essential for equine health and performance, but intake of elevated pasture nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) may exacerbate metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the influence of laminitis history on metabolic and morphometric responses in grazing horses. Twelve non-pregnant mares (15 ± 3.

Corrigendum: Quantitative texture analysis comparison of three legumes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.

Ethylene and its crosstalk with hormonal pathways in fruit ripening: mechanisms, modulation, and commercial exploitation.

Ethylene is an important phytohormone that orchestrates a multitude of physiological and biochemical processes regulating fruit ripening, from early maturation to post-harvest. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of ethylene's multifaceted roles in climacteric fruit ripening, characterized by a pronounced increase in ethylene production and respiration rates. It explores potential genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene's action, focusing on key transcription factors, biosynthetic pathway genes, and signal transduction elements crucial for the expression of ripening-related genes.

Soybean genomics research community strategic plan: A vision for 2024-2028.

This strategic plan summarizes the major accomplishments achieved in the last quinquennial by the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetics and genomics research community and outlines key priorities for the next 5 years (2024-2028).

The amino acid transporter UmamiT20 confers susceptibility.

• Induction of SWEET sugar transporters by bacterial pathogens via transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors is necessary for successful blight infection of rice, cassava and cotton, - likely providing sugars for bacterial propagation. • Here, we show that infection of by the necrotrophic fungus causes increased accumulation of amino acid transporter UmamiT20 mRNA in leaves. UmamiT20 protein accumulates in leaf veins surrounding the lesions after infection.

Tadpole aggregations create biogeochemical hotspots in wetland ecosystems.

Animal waste can contribute substantially to nutrient cycling and ecosystem productivity in many environments. However, little is known of the biogeochemical impact of animal excretion in wetland habitats. Here we investigate the effects of wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpole aggregations on nutrient recycling, microbial metabolism and carbon cycling in geographically isolated wetlands.

How do malfunctioning onsite wastewater systems influence water quality? Assessing treatment of nutrient and Escherichia coli in central North Carolina.

Onsite wastewater systems (OWSs) can be significant sources of nutrients and E. coli to water resources, potentially resulting in water quality degradation especially during times of malfunction. An OWS is considered malfunctioning when septic tank effluent is discharged into drainfield trenches during periods when there is insufficient separation to groundwater (<30 cm), when wastewater upwells to the surface, or when backup of wastewater into the tank or home occurs.

Hyperspectral imaging analysis for early detection of tomato bacterial leaf spot disease.

Recent advancements in hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for early disease detection have shown promising results, yet there is a lack of validated high-resolution (spatial and spectral) HSI data representing the responses of plants at different stages of leaf disease progression. To address these gaps, we used bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas perforans) of tomato as a model system. Hyperspectral images of tomato leaves, validated against in planta pathogen populations for seven consecutive days, were analyzed to reveal differences between infected and healthy leaves.

Uncovering the fungus responsible for stem and root rot of false indigo: pathogen identification, new disease description, and genome analyses.

Calonectria spp. can cause destructive diseases on forestry crops, legumes like soybean and peanut, and ornamentals. Species of Calonectria affecting ornamental plants are not well characterized or understood, though they have been widely documented as an issue in the ornamental industry.

Identification of potential auxin response candidate genes for soybean rapid canopy coverage through comparative evolution and expression analysis.

Introduction: Throughout domestication, crop plants have gone through strong genetic bottlenecks, dramatically reducing the genetic diversity in today's available germplasm. This has also reduced the diversity in traits necessary for breeders to develop improved varieties. Many strategies have been developed to improve both genetic and trait diversity in crops, from backcrossing with wild relatives, to chemical/radiation mutagenesis, to genetic engineering.

Perspectives on the future of ecology, evolution, and biodiversity from the Council on Microbial Sciences of the American Society for Microbiology.

The field of microbial ecology, evolution, and biodiversity (EEB) is at the leading edge of understanding how microbes shape our biosphere and influence the well-being of humankind and Earth. To that end, EEB is developing new transdisciplinary tools to analyze these ecologically critical, complex microbial communities. The American Society for Microbiology's Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2023 to discuss the trajectory of EEB both within the Society and microbiology writ large.

Agrobacterium-mediated Cuscuta campestris transformation as a tool for understanding plant-plant interactions.

Cuscuta campestris, a stem parasitic plant, has served as a valuable model plant for the exploration of plant-plant interactions and molecular trafficking. However, a major barrier to C. campestris research is that a method to generate stable transgenic plants has not yet been developed.