Physio-biochemical and metabolomic responses of the woody plant Dalbergia odorifera to salinity and waterlogging.

Background: Trees have developed a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Secondary metabolites via phenolic compounds emblematized the hidden bridge among plant kingdom, human health, and oxidative stress. Although studies have demonstrated that abiotic stresses can increase the production of medicinal compounds in plants, research comparing the efficiency of these stresses still needs to be explored.

A New Method for Discovering Plant Biostimulants.

Structurally well-defined compounds have advantages for quality control in plant biostimulant production and application processes. Humic acid (HA) is a biostimulant that significantly affects plant growth, and soil-dwelling larva (PBLs) can rapidly convert agricultural waste into HA. In this study, we use PBLs as a model to investigate HA formation and screen for structurally well-defined HA-related plant biostimulant compounds.

Electronic structure modulation of Mo sites in anion and cation co-doped MoO nanospheres for electrocatalytic water oxidation.

Herein, we synthesized a type of anion/cation co-doped MoO nanosphere as an efficient OER catalyst. The optimized Ni/N-MoO exhibited a lower overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm in 24 h. This work provides a unique direction for the synthesis of efficient and stable MoO-based electrocatalysts for water splitting.

TransVAE-DTA: Transformer and variational autoencoder network for drug-target binding affinity prediction.

Background And Objective: Recent studies have emphasized the significance of computational in silico drug-target binding affinity (DTA) prediction in the field of drug discovery and drug repurposing. However, existing DTA prediction approaches suffer from two major deficiencies that impede their progress. Firstly, while most methods primarily focus on the feature representations of drug-target binding affinity pairs, they fail to consider the long-distance relationships of proteins.

Evaluation of suitable reference genes for expression profile analyses of target genes in the coffee berry borer, (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The coffee berry borer, (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major destructive insect pest of coffee, which impacts the coffee crops negatively. As a draft genome has been completed for this insect, most molecular studies on gene transcriptional levels under different experimental conditions will be conducted using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR). However, the lack of suitable internal reference genes will affect the accuracy of RT-qPCR results.

Cry9Aa Insecticidal Protein Domain I Helices α3 and α4 Are Two Core Regions Involved in Oligomerization and Toxicity.

Cry9 proteins show high insecticidal activity against different lepidopteran pests. Cry9 could be a valuable alternative to Cry1 proteins because it showed a synergistic effect with no cross-resistance. However, the pore-formation region of the Cry9 proteins is still unclear.

First Report of Infecting Yellow pitaya () in China.

Yellow pitaya, , is a night-blooming, climbing cacti of tropical origin, which has received increasing attention for its potential as a new exotic fruit crop (Lichtenzveig et al. 2000). The crop is grown extensively in Hainan Province, China (3000 ha).

Danhong formula alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces blood pressure in hypertension by regulating MicroRNA 24 - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Serine/Threonine Kinase- Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the important risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and it can significantly increase the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. Danhong Formula (DHF) was consisting of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Labiatae, Danshen in Chinese) and Flos Carthami (Carthamus tinctorius L.

The cluster digging behavior of larvae confers trophic benefits to fitness in insects.

Collective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans. Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions, yet understanding the rules governing this behavior is in its infancy. We primarily took advantage of the Drosophila model to investigate cooperative foraging behavior.

Transcript Level and Sequence Matching Are Key Determinants of Off-Target Effects in RNAi.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) pesticides, those based on RNA interference (RNAi) technology utilizing dsRNA, have shown potential for pest control. However, the off-target effects of dsRNA pose limitations to the widespread application of RNAi and raise concerns regarding potential side effects on other beneficial organisms. The precise impact and underlying factors of these off-target effects are still not well understood.

Epsilon Class Glutathione -Transferase Confers Phoxim Tolerance in the Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The black cutworm is a serious crop pest. Phoxim, an organophosphorus insecticide, has been widely used to control . When phoxim is extensively applied, the susceptibility of to insecticide is reduced.

Multifunctionality of AsCFEM6 and AsCFEM12 effectors from the potato early blight pathogen Alternaria solani.

Plant pathogens secrete fungal-specific common in several fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) effectors to manipulate host immunity and contribute to their virulence. Little is known about effectors and their functions in Alternaria solani, the necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing potato early blight. To identify candidate CFEM effector genes, we mined A.

Dalbergia odorifera undergoes massive molecular shifts in response to waterlogging combined with salinity.

Field and greenhouse studies attempting to describe the molecular responses of plant species under waterlogging (WL) combined with salinity (ST) are almost nonexistent. We integrated transcriptional, metabolic, and physiological responses involving several crucial transcripts and common differentially expressed genes and metabolites in fragrant rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera) leaflets to dissect plant-specific molecular responses and patterns under WL combined with ST (SWL). We discovered that the synergistic pattern of the transcriptional response of fragrant rosewood under SWL was exclusively characterized by the number of regulated transcripts.

Large-scale production of MXenes as nanoknives for antibacterial application.

Antimicrobial resistance of existing antibacterial agents has become a pressing issue for human health and demands effective antimicrobials beyond conventional antibacterial mechanisms. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest for this purpose. However, obtaining a high yield of 2D nanomaterials with a designed morphology for effective antibacterial activity remains exceptionally challenging.

Intra- and interspecific ecophysiological responses to waterlogging stress in two contrasting waterlogging-tolerant arbor species.

At present, establishing planted forests, typically composed of not more than two tree species, to avoid forest losses has received increasing attention. In addition, investigating the impact of environmental stress such as waterlogging on different planting patterns is essential for improving wetland ecosystem resilience. Knowledge about the impact of waterlogging on planted forests is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.

Egg-associated secretions from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) activate rice immune responses.

The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is a notorious sap-sucking insect pest that damages rice (Oryza sativa) plants throughout Asia. During BPH feeding, saliva enters rice plant tissues, whereas during oviposition egg-associated secretions (EAS) are deposited in damaged plant tissue. Dynamic changes in rice to planthopper salivary effectors have been widely reported.

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides in response to variation of temperature and water activity on maize kernels.

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the important mycotoxigenic pathogens of maize since it causes severe yield losses and produces fumonisins (FBs) to threaten human and animal health. Previous studies showed that temperature and water activity (a) are two pivotal environmental factors affecting F. verticillioides growth and FBs production during maize storage.

Insecticidal Effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungus HK-1 in (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

(Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest affecting various crops worldwide. However, only few studies have been conducted on the infection of by and related insecticidal mechanisms. We investigated the infection process of by HK-1 using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and our results indicated that the conidia of strain HK-1 easily attached to the feet and dorsum of .

Effect of novel botanical synergist on the effectiveness and residue behavior of prothioconazole in wheat field.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a critical fungal disease causes serious grain yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. Currently, utilization of chemical fungicides is the main control method which has led to serious resistance. Development of novel synergist is an important strategy to reduce the usage of chemical fungicides and postpone the development of resistance, while natural components are interesting resources.

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Tea ( L.) from Weeds through Weed-Soil-Tea Transfer and Risk Assessment of Tea Intake.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have been detected in tea and can threaten human health. However, the specific source of PAs in tea is still unclear. Here, 88 dried tea products collected from six major tea-producing areas in Anhui Province, China, were analyzed.

Knockdown of the glutamate-gated chloride channel gene decreases emamectin benzoate susceptibility in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Emamectin benzoate (EB), a derivative of avermectin, is the primary insecticide used to control the fall armyworm (FAW) in China. However, the specific molecular targets of EB against FAW remain unclear. In this study, we cloned the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) gene, which is known to be a primary molecular target for avermectin.

Cry9A and Vip3A protein-induced transcriptional changes correspond to their synergistic damage to the midgut of Chilo suppressalis.

Cry and Vip3 proteins are both pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that show synergistic insecticidal activity against different insect pests. However, the synergistic effect of Cry and Vip3 proteins on the midgut in target insects is still unclear. In this study, faster and more serious damage was observed after treatment with both Cry9A and Vip3A proteins in the Chilo suppressalis midgut compared to single-protein treatment.

Role of the epsilon glutathione S-transferases in xanthotoxin tolerance in Spodoptera litura.

Spodoptera litura, a polyphagous lepidopteran pest, demonstrates a remarkable capacity to adapt to varying host plants by efficiently detoxifying phytochemicals. However, the underlying mechanism for this adaptation is not well understood. Herein, twenty eplison glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTes) were characterized and their roles in phytochemical tolerance were analyzed in S.

Discovery of Pyrazole-5-yl-amide Derivatives Containing Cinnamamide Structural Fragments as Potential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

To promote the development of novel agricultural succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, we introduced cinnamamide and nicotinamide structural fragments into the structure of pyrazol-5-yl-amide by carbon chain extension and scaffold hopping, respectively, and synthesized a series of derivatives. The results of the biological activity assays indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against the tested fungi. Notably, compounds , , , , and exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activities against with EC values of 0.