What Are the Mechanisms of Action of Cognitive-Behavioral, Mind-Body, and Exercise-based Interventions for Pain and Disability in People With Chronic Primary Musculoskeletal Pain?: A Systematic Review of Mediation Studies From Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: This systematic review examined studies that used mediation analysis to investigate the mechanisms of action of cognitive-behavioral, mind-body, and exercise-based interventions for pain and disability in people with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain.

Materials And Methods: We searched 5 electronic databases for articles that conducted mediation analyses of randomized controlled trials to either test or estimate indirect effects.

Results: We found 17 studies (n=4423), including 90 mediation models examining the role of 22 putative mediators on pain or disability, of which 4 had partially mediated treatment effect; 8 had mixed results, and 10 did not mediate treatment effect.

Association between early respiratory viral infections and structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop structural lung disease early in life, and viral infections are associated with progressive lung disease. We hypothesized that the presence of respiratory viruses would be associated with structural lung disease on computed tomography (CT) of the chest in infants with CF.

Methods: Infants with CF were enrolled before 4 months of age.

Patient Acceptability of a Novel Technological Solution (Ambient Intelligent Geriatric Management System) to Prevent Falls in Geriatric and General Medicine Wards: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Introduction: As effective interventions to prevent inpatient falls are lacking, a novel technological intervention was trialed. The Ambient Intelligent Geriatric Management (AmbIGeM) system used wearable sensors that detected and alerted staff of patient movements requiring supervision. While the system did not reduce falls rate, it is important to evaluate the acceptability, usability, and safety of the AmbIGeM system, from the perspectives of patients and informal carers.

Defining the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the relationship between fetal growth and adult cardiometabolic outcomes.

Animal and human data demonstrate independent relationships between fetal growth, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function (HPA-A) and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. While the association between fetal growth and adult cardiometabolic outcomes is well-established, the role of the HPA-A in these relationships is unclear. This study aims to determine whether HPA-A function mediates or moderates this relationship.

Australian hip surveillance guidelines at 10 years: New evidence and implementation.

Optimum management of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is facilitated by an approach that focuses on anticipatory and preventive measures. Hip surveillance programs for children with CP were developed at the beginning of the new millennium, with the purpose of identifying hip displacement sufficiently early to permit a choice of effective management options. In the early years, hip surveillance was guided by epidemiological analysis of population-based studies of prevalence.

The Identification and Management of High Blood Pressure Using Exercise Blood Pressure: Current Evidence and Practical Guidance.

High blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The identification of high BP is conventionally based on in-clinic (resting) BP measures, performed within primary health care settings. However, many cases of high BP go unrecognised or remain inadequately controlled.

Dietary and Physical Activity Changes and Adherence to WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations following a Remotely Delivered Weight Loss Intervention for Female Breast Cancer Survivors: The Living Well after Breast Cancer Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Diet, exercise, and weight management are key in improving outcomes for breast cancer survivors, with international recommendations for cancer survivors relating to these behaviors. However, few behavioral interventions have reported outcomes aligned specifically with these recommendations.

Objective: To evaluate a remotely delivered weight loss intervention vs usual care for female breast cancer survivors, on changes in multiple diet and physical activity behaviors.

Modifiable child and caregiver factors that influence community participation among children with Down syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate modifiable child and caregiver factors influencing community participation among children with Down syndrome.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from a study investigating quality of life of children with intellectual disability were analysed. Participants were caregivers of 89 children with Down syndrome (54 females; 83 school attenders) (mean age 11 y 1 mo; SD 4 y 1 mo).

Efficacy of Respiratory Physiotherapy Interventions for Intubated and Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of respiratory physiotherapy on mortality, quality of life, functional recovery, intensive care length of stay, duration of ventilation, oxygenation, secretion clearance, and pulmonary mechanics for invasively ventilated adults with pneumonia. Five databases were searched for randomized trials published between January 1995 and November 2018. Study quality was assessed using a standardized Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool, and Review Manager software was used to pool the studies.

Strengths and challenging behaviors in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome: Two sides to the coin.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with emotional/behavioral disturbances. These difficulties are well documented in the literature, but the positive attributes of these individuals are not described. Taking a strengths-based approach, the aim of this study was to describe the emotional/behavioral strengths and difficulties in children and young people with PWS from their parent caregivers' perspectives.

Taking the strain: An examination of upper back musculoskeletal tissue sensitivity in relation to upper back pain and breast size. A cross-sectional study.

Background: The physiological basis for upper back pain experienced by women with large breasts is unclear but could relate to sensitivity of musculoskeletal tissues strained from the postural adaptations to large breasts. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine if upper back pain and breast size were associated with greater localised sensitivity of upper back musculoskeletal tissues.

Methods: 119 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 61 years) had their upper back pain (numerical rating scale), breast size (breast size score), and upper back tissue sensitivity (pressure pain thresholds (digital algometry, kPa)) assessed.

Intraarticular injection of the interphalangeal joint for therapy of digital mucoid cysts.

Mucoid cysts are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the digital joints and frequently recur after needle drainage, injection, or surgical ablation. This study determined whether intraarticular injection of the adjacent interphalangeal joint rather than the cyst itself might be effective in resolving digital mucoid cysts. Using paired case series design and sterile technique, 25 consecutive OA digital joints with an adjacent mucoid cyst underwent dorsal non-transtendinous intraarticular injection with a 25-gauge needle and 20-mg triamcinolone acetonide, followed by puncture and manual expression of cyst fluid.

Cam morphology is associated with MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears: a case-control study of 237 young adult football players with and without hip and groin pain.

Objective: Football players are at risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (OA). Cam morphology (present in almost two of every three football players) may explain this heightened risk, but there is limited research on its role in hip OA development in younger athletes. Knowledge of this relationship will advance our understanding of the aetiology of hip OA in football players.

Enhanced arthrocentesis of the effusive knee with pneumatic compression.

Aim: Complete arthrocentesis of the effusive knee ameliorates patient pain, reduces intra-articular and intraosseous pressure, removes inflammatory cytokines, and has been shown to substantially improve the therapeutic outcomes of intra-articular injections. However, conventional arthrocentesis incompletely decompresses the knee, leaving considerable residual synovial fluid in the intra-articular space. The present study determined whether external pneumatic circumferential compression of the effusive knee permitted more successful arthrocentesis and complete joint decompression.

Implementation of a novel stratified PAthway of CarE for common musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in primary care: protocol for a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial (the PACE MSK trial).

Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions constitute the highest burden of disease globally, with healthcare services often utilised inappropriately and overburdened. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel clinical PAthway of CarE programme (PACE programme), where care is provided based on people's risk of poor outcome.

Methods And Analysis: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Personal healthcare costs borne by younger people living with arthritis in Australia: An exploratory observational study.

Arthritis is a long-term musculoskeletal disease, requiring ongoing management. However, the financial burden of managing arthritis is under-explored and is yet to be quantified from the perspective of individuals with the condition. Using an exploratory observational design, this study aimed to quantify arthritis-related costs borne by a sample of working-age adults aged 18-50 years who responded to the study advertisement.

Shoulder pain across more movements is not related to more rotator cuff tendon findings in people with chronic shoulder pain diagnosed with subacromial pain syndrome.

Introduction: People with chronic shoulder pain commonly report pain during arm movements in daily-life activities. Pain related to movement is commonly viewed as an accurate representation of tissue damage. Thus, when a person reports pain across a variety of movements, this is often understood as indicative of greater damage.

Electromyographic Evaluation of Early-Stage Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises Following Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: Electromyography (EMG) is frequently used as a guide for exercise rehabilitation progression following rotator cuff repair. Knowledge of EMG activity during passive and active-assisted exercises may help guide clinicians when considering exercise prescription in the early post-operative period.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate EMG activity of the rotator cuff and deltoid musculature during passive and active-assisted shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercises commonly performed in post-operative rehabilitation.

Prevalence, Circumstances, and Risk Factors of Falls Among Community Dwelling Members of University of the Third Age.

Study aimed to identify the prevalence of falls and associated contributory factors among older Malaysians. A cross sectional study among community dwelling older adults aged 50 years and above. Self-administered questionnaires on history of falls in the previous 12 months, physical assessment and computerized and clinical measures of balance were assessed on a single occasion.

Individual Differences and Transfer of Visual Anticipation in Expert Female Field Hockey Goalkeepers.

Significance: Visual anticipation is vital for performance in several domains such as driving, military, and high-speed interceptive sports, as it enables performers to handle severe time constraints. There has been little investigation into individual differences of anticipation skill transfer within a domain, which can guide training of anticipation to improve performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual differences in the transfer of anticipation within a domain, specifically anticipation of the field hockey penalty corner drag-flick across different opponents.

Measurement of uni-planar and sport specific trunk motion using magneto-inertial measurement units: The concurrent validity of Noraxon and Xsens systems relative to a retro-reflective system.

Background: There is a range of magneto-inertial measurement unit (MIMU) systems commercially available, however sensor specifications and fusion methods vary considerably between manufacturers. Such variability can influence the concurrent validity of MIMUs relative to reference standard measurement devices. Different MIMUs have been compared during static or low-velocity conditions, with higher-velocity movements assessed in robotic-based studies.

What Constitutes "Appropriate Care" for Low Back Pain?: Point-of-Care Clinical Indicators From Guideline Evidence and Experts (the STANDING Collaboration Project).

Study Design: Multiround wiki-based Delphi expert panel survey.

Objective: To provide proof of concept for an alternative method for creating sets of nationally-agreed point-of-care clinical indicators, and obtain consensus among end-user groups on "appropriate care" for the assessment, diagnosis, acute, and ongoing care of people with low back pain (LBP).

Summary Of Background Data: The provision of inappropri ate and low value care for LBP is a significant healthcare and societal burden.

Advanced practice in physiotherapy: a global survey.

Introduction: Advanced practice in physiotherapy represents a development in the practice of physiotherapy and has developed in different ways around the world. There is growing evidence to support advanced physiotherapy practice. In May 2019, the member organisations adopted the first World Physiotherapy policy on advanced practice in physiotherapy.

Impact of an interactive workshop on specialist physiotherapists' practice when implementing a new clinical care pathway for people with musculoskeletal conditions.

Background: A new pathway of care proposes early comprehensive assessment and targeted management by specialist musculoskeletal clinicians for people with musculoskeletal conditions at risk of poor outcomes. Adoption of this care pathway is likely to be influenced by beliefs and behaviours of specialist musculoskeletal clinicians.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an interactive educational workshop about the proposed clinical care pathway on knowledge, beliefs and practice of specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapists.

Psychological distress in early childhood and the risk of adolescent spinal pain with impact.

Background: Spinal pain (SP), including neck and back pain, is common and often associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life of adolescents. Contemporary understanding of SP favours a biopsychosocial approach, and emerging evidence suggests the stronger influence of psychological rather than other factors.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate if experiencing psychological distress in early childhood increases the risk of spinal pain with impact during adolescence.