Ligand effect on switching the rate-determining step of water oxidation in atomically precise metal nanoclusters.

The ligand effects of atomically precise metal nanoclusters on electrocatalysis kinetics have been rarely revealed. Herein, we employ atomically precise Au nanoclusters with different ligands (i.e.

Fingerprint-Enhanced Graph Attention Network (FinGAT) Model for Antibiotic Discovery.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are of great potential to fundamentally change antibiotic discovery industries. Efficient and effective molecular featurization is key to all highly accurate learning models for antibiotic discovery. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint-enhanced graph attention network (FinGAT) model by the combination of sequence-based 2D fingerprints and structure-based graph representation.

Protocol in Evaluating Capacity of Zn-Mn Aqueous Batteries: A Clue of pH.

In the literature, Zn-Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs) confront abnormal capacity behavior, such as capacity fluctuation and diverse "unprecedented performances." Because of the electrolyte additive-induced complexes, various charge/discharge behaviors associated with different mechanisms are being reported. However, the current performance assessment remains unregulated, and only the electrode or the electrolyte is considered.

-Complex-Based Machine Learning (HCML) for the Prediction of Protein-Protein Binding Affinity Changes upon Mutation.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in almost all biological processes in the cell. Understanding protein-protein interactions holds the key for the understanding of biological functions, diseases and the development of therapeutics. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated great power in PPIs.

Strategies for enhancing cancer chemodynamic therapy performance.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged to be a frontrunner amongst reactive oxygen species-based cancer treatment modalities. CDT utilizes endogenous HO in tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. While possessing advantages such as tumor specificity, no need of external stimuli, and low side effects, practical applications of CDT are still impeded owing to the heterogeneity, complexity, and reductive environment of TME.

Solutions to the Drawbacks of Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Phototherapy such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment has been developed quickly over the past few years for its noninvasive nature and high efficiency. However, there are still many drawbacks in phototherapy that prevent it from clinical applications. Thus, scientists have designed different systems to overcome the issues associated with phototherapy, including enhancing the targeting ability of phototherapy, low-temperature photothermal therapy, replacing near-infrared light with other excitation sources, and so on.

Unlabeled Far-Field Deeply Subwavelength Topological Microscopy (DSTM).

A nonintrusive far-field optical microscopy resolving structures at the nanometer scale would revolutionize biomedicine and nanotechnology but is not yet available. Here, a new type of microscopy is introduced, which reveals the fine structure of an object through its far-field scattering pattern under illumination with light containing deeply subwavelength singularity features. The object is reconstructed by a neural network trained on a large number of scattering events.

Higher-Order Topological States in Surface-Wave Photonic Crystals.

Photonic topological states have revolutionized the understanding of the propagation and scattering of light. The recent discovery of higher-order photonic topological insulators opens an emergent horizon for 0D topological corner states. However, the previous realizations of higher-order topological insulators in electromagnetic-wave systems suffer from either a limited operational frequency range due to the lumped components involved or a bulky structure with a large footprint, which are unfavorable for achieving compact photonic devices.

Visible Light-Driven Cascade Carbon-Carbon Bond Scission for Organic Transformations and Plastics Recycling.

Significant efforts are devoted to developing artificial photosynthetic systems to produce fuels and chemicals in order to cope with the exacerbating energy and environmental crises in the world now. Nonetheless, the large-scale reactions that are the focus of the artificial photosynthesis community, such as water splitting, are thus far not economically viable, owing to the existing, cheaper alternatives to the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen products. As a potential substitute for water oxidation, here, a unique, visible light-driven oxygenation of carbon-carbon bonds for the selective transformation of 32 unactivated alcohols, mediated by a vanadium photocatalyst under ambient, atmospheric conditions is presented.

Robust Amphiphobic Few-Layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheet with Improved Stability.

Few-layer black phosphorus (FL-BP) has been intensively studied due to its attractive properties and great potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the intrinsic instability of FL-BP greatly limits its practical application. In this study, the amphiphobic FL-BP is achieved by functionalization of 1,1,2,2-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS) on the surface of FL-BP.

Origami Metawall: Mechanically Controlled Absorption and Deflection of Light.

Metamaterials/metasurfaces, which have subwavelength resonating unit cells (i.e., meta-atoms), can enable unprecedented control over the flow of light.

Photoresponsive Luminescent Polymeric Hydrogels for Reversible Information Encryption and Decryption.

Conventional luminescent information is usually visible under either ambient or UV light, hampering their potential application in smart confidential information protection. In order to address this challenge, herein, light-triggered luminescence ON-OFF switchable hybrid hydrogels are successfully constructed through in situ copolymerization of acrylamide, lanthanide complex, and diarylethene photochromic unit. The open-close behavior of the diarylethene ring in the polymer could be controlled by UV and visible light irradiation, where the close form of the ring features fluorescence resonance energy transfer with the lanthanide complex.

Mechanochromic Reconfigurable Metasurfaces.

The change of optical properties that some usually natural compounds or polymeric materials show upon the application of external stress is named mechanochromism. Herein, an artificial nanomechanical metasurface formed by a subwavelength nanowire array made of molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum oxide, and silicon nitride changes color upon mechanical deformation. The aforementioned deformation induces reversible changes in the optical transmission (relative transmission change of 197% at 654 nm), thus demonstrating a giant mechanochromic effect.

BMP-2-Loaded HAp:Ln (Ln = Yb, Er, Gd) Nanorods with Dual-Mode Imaging for Efficient MC3t3-E1 Cell Differentiation Regulation.

Effective bone tissue reconstitution improves the treatment success rate of dental implantation and preserves natural teeth during periodontal tissue repair. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has received much attention in bone remodeling field because its mineralized structure is similar to that of the natural bone tissue. For this reason, it has been used as a carrier for growth factors.

A Review of Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials' Synthesis and Applications via Chemical Vapor Deposition Method.

Perovskite photovoltaic materials (PPMs) have emerged as one of superstar object for applications in photovoltaics due to their excellent properties-such as band-gap tunability, high carrier mobility, high optical gain, astrong nonlinear response-as well as simplicity of their integration with other types of optical and electronic structures. Meanwhile, PPMS and their constructed devices still present many challenges, such as stability, repeatability, and large area fabrication methods and so on. The key issue is: how can PPMs be prepared using an effective way which most of the readers care about.

Single Halide Perovskite/Semiconductor Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Ultrastability and Nonblinking Properties.

The further practical applications of halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are blocked by problems of instability and nonradiative Auger recombination manifested as photoluminescence blinking. Here, single core/shell structured perovskite semiconductor QDs are successfully fabricated by capping CsPbBr QD core with CdS shell. It is demonstrated that CsPbBr/CdS core/shell QDs exhibit ultrahigh chemical stability and nonblinking photoluminescence with high quantum yield due to the reduced electronic traps within the core/shell structure.

Magnetic Hyperbolic Metasurface: Concept, Design, and Applications.

A fundamental cornerstone in nanophotonics is the ability to achieve hyperbolic dispersion of surface plasmons, which shows excellent potentials in many unique applications, such as near-field heat transport, planar hyperlens, strongly enhanced spontaneous emission, and so forth. The hyperbolic metasurfaces with such an ability, however, are currently restricted to electric hyperbolic metasurface paradigm, and realization of magnetic hyperbolic metasurfaces remains elusive despite the importance of manipulating magnetic surface plasmons (MSPs) at subwavelength scale. Here, magnetic hyperbolic metasurfaces are proposed and designed, on which diffraction-free propagation, anomalous diffraction, negative refraction, and frequency-dependent strong spatial distributions of the MSPs in the hyperbolic regime are experimentally observed at microwave frequencies.

Backward Phase Matching for Second Harmonic Generation in Negative-Index Conformal Surface Plasmonic Metamaterials.

Backward phase matching, which describes counterpropagating fundamental and harmonic waves in a negative-index medium, is one of the most intriguing phenomena in nonlinear metamaterials. Predicted theoretically decades ago, however, it is still a challenging task to be applied for efficient second harmonic (SH) generation in a nonlinear metamaterial with ultrathin geometry and ultralow loss. Here, a negative-index spoof plasmonic metamaterial is reported, which is composed of an ultrathin symmetrical corrugated metallic strips loaded with nonlinear active devices.

Double-Shelled Phosphorus and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Nanospheres as Efficient Polysulfide Mediator for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are regarded as very promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness; however, their insulating properties and the instability of sulfur-based electrodes impede the practical applications of Li-S batteries. Here, a versatile strategy to synthesize double-shelled nitrogen and phosphorus codoped carbon spheres (NPDSCS) as an efficient sulfur host for Li-S batteries is reported. With strong trapping, good affinity, high adsorption for polysulfides, and the bifunctional catalyzing for sulfur redox processes, the developed NPDSCS cathodes with a high S loading of 72.

Coherent Spin and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Solution-Processed Layered 2D Lead Halide Perovskites.

Layered 2D halide perovskites with their alternating organic and inorganic atomic layers that form a self-assembled quantum well system are analogues of the purely inorganic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Within their periodic structures lie a hotbed of photophysical phenomena such as dielectric confinement effect, optical Stark effect, strong exciton-photon coupling, etc. Detailed understanding into the strong light-matter interactions in these hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductor systems remains modest.

Multitasking and the evolution of optimal clutch size in fluctuating environments.

Adaptive studies of avian clutch size variation across environmental gradients have resulted in what has become known as the fecundity gradient paradox, the observation that clutch size typically decreases with increasing breeding season length along latitudinal gradients, but increases with increasing breeding season length along elevational gradients. These puzzling findings challenge the common belief that organisms should reduce their clutch size in favor of additional nesting attempts as the length of the breeding season increases, an approach typically described as a bet-hedging strategy. Here, we propose an alternative hypothesis-the multitasking hypothesis-and show that laying smaller clutches represents a multitasking strategy of switching between breeding and recovery from breeding.

Giant Asymmetric Radiation from an Ultrathin Bianisotropic Metamaterial.

Unidirectional radiation is of particular interest in high-power lasing and optics. Commonly, however, it is difficult to achieve a unidirectional profile in such a system without breaking reciprocity. Recently, assisted by metamaterials without structural symmetry, antennas that radiate asymmetrically have been developed, hence providing the possibility of achieving unidirectionality.

Tailoring TiO Nanotube-Interlaced Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improving Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance.

Rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs is one of the major defects in graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based photocatalysts. To address this issue, perforated ultralong TiO nanotube-interlaced g-CN nanosheets (PGCN/TNTs) are prepared via a template-based process by treating g-CN and TiO nanotubes polymerized hybrids in alkali solution. Shortened migration distance of charge transfer is achieved from perforated PGCN/TNTs on account of cutting redundant g-CN nanosheets, leading to subdued electron-hole recombination.

Electrochemically Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Sulfide for High-Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

A lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient energy management strategy is highly desirable for flexible electronic devices to meet a rapidly growing demand. Herein, Ni-Co-S nanosheet array is successfully deposited on graphene foam (Ni-Co-S/GF) by a one-step electrochemical method. The Ni-Co-S/GF composed of Ni-Co-S nanosheet array which is vertically aligned to GF and provides a large interfacial area for redox reactions with optimum interstitials facilitates the ions diffusion.

Environment-Adaptive Coassembly/Self-Sorting and Stimulus-Responsiveness Transfer Based on Cholesterol Building Blocks.

Manipulating the property transfer in nanosystems is a challenging task since it requires switchable molecular packing such as separate aggregation (self-sorting) or synergistic aggregation (coassembly). Herein, a unique manipulation of self-sorting/coassembly aggregation and the observation of switchable stimulus-responsiveness transfer in a two component self-assembly system are reported. Two building blocks bearing the same cholesterol group give versatile topological structures in polar and nonpolar solvents.