Treadmill Exercise Mitigates Alzheimer's Pathology by Modulating Glial Polarization and Reducing Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Perivascular Clustering.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the pathological responses of glial cells at different distances from amyloid plaques and the characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in perivascular clustering. Additionally, it sought to explore the impact of exercise training on AD pathology, specifically focusing on the modulation of glial responses and the effects of OPC perivascular clustering.

Methods: Three-month-old C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice were divided into four groups: wild-type sedentary, wild-type exercise, sedentary AD, and exercise AD groups.

Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes.

Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions.

Remote photobiomodulation ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological outcomes in a rat model of repeated closed head injury.

Repeated closed-head injuries (rCHI) from activities like contact sports, falls, military combat, and traffic accidents pose a serious risk due to their cumulative impact on the brain. Often, rCHI is not diagnosed until symptoms of irreversible brain damage appear, highlighting the need for preventive measures. This study assessed the prophylactic efficacy of remote photobiomodulation (PBM) targeted at the lungs against rCHI-induced brain injury and associated behavioral deficits.

Effects of Different Dietary Supplements on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nutritional supplements are widely used by swimmers, but the effectiveness of various supplements and the identification of the most effective intervention require further investigation.

Purpose: This paper evaluated and compared the effectiveness of various nutrition-based interventions on swimming performance through both direct and indirect comparisons.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases were thoroughly searched up to 4 April 2024.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Humans Exhibit Resistance to Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Owing to the Diminished Level of Hsa-miR-125a-5p.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents an escalating public health challenge globally. However, drug resistance has emerged as a major impediment to successful HCC treatment, limiting the efficacy of curative interventions. Despite numerous investigations into the diverse impacts of hsa-miR-125a-5p on tumor growth across different cancer types, its specific involvement in chemotherapy resistance in HCC remains elusive.

Effects of medical training therapy on injury rehabilitation and sports-specific performance in elite rock climbers: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Medical training therapy (MTT) is an advanced, individualized rehabilitation approach that integrates multiple methods to improve physical function. It is widely applied to rehabilitate sports injuries. This randomized study evaluated MTT's effects on physical injury rehabilitation, mental function, and athletic performance in elite rock climbers.

Neural mechanisms of non-pharmacological interventions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: An ALE meta-analysis.

Non-pharmacologic interventions are effective for persons showing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to systematically quantify the results of 19 neuroimaging studies in order to identify brain regions in which patients showed stable increases or decreases in activation after interventions. We also tested the moderating effects of disease stage (MCI vs.

Optimal proprioceptive training combined with rehabilitation regimen for lower limb dysfunction in stroke patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the optimal rehabilitation regimen for lower limb dysfunction in stroke patients by analyzing the effects of proprioceptive training (PT) in combination with different rehabilitation interventions.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 23, 2024, were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2.

Timing is everything: the age-related impact of plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its general effectiveness in female adolescents.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of plyometric training on age-related lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its effectiveness in female adolescents.

Methods: A thorough search was conducted across five databases from their inception until September 20, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed with Stata 15 software.

The impact of transient air pollution exposure on worker performance in Chinese soccer players.

Using a unique dataset on the performance of soccer players in China (retrieved from 632 matches involving 24 teams during the 2014 to 2016 seasons), we investigate the effect of air pollution on different performance indicators that rely on different mixtures of the physical and cognitive inputs of players. To ensure a causal interpretation, we implement an instrumental variable (IV) approach using thermal inversion as the instrument for air pollution. We found that players' performance indicators, especially those more related to cognitive factors, are more strongly influenced by air pollution.

Children's Individual Differences in the Responses to a New Method for Physical Education.

Children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) require planned and guided interventions to develop appropriately. We investigated the effect of a novel Physical Education (PE) method to develop children's object control, locomotor skills, and motor competence. Further, we examined children's trainability, i.

The Acute Effect of Different Cluster Set Intra-Set Rest Interval Configurations on Mechanical Power Measures During a Flywheel Resistance Training Session.

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of three cluster set (CS) intra-set rest intervals (15 s, 30 s, and 45 s) on mechanical performance measures during a flywheel resistance training session. Twelve amateur male field sport athletes attended three training measurement sessions (separated by 14 days of wash-out), consisting of four sets of nine repetitions (as cluster-blocks: 3 + 3 + 3), using a 0.050 kg·m inertial load.

Comparative Analysis of 2-Point Jump Shot and Free Throw Kinematics in High- and Low-Level U18 Male Basketball Players.

: This study examined the influence of competition level and player position on shooting accuracy and kinematic parameters in U18 male basketball players, focusing on two-point jump shots and free throws. : Thirty-eight higher-level (HL-group) and forty-one lower-level (LL-group) participants, categorized into guard, forward, and center subgroups, completed a two-point basketball shooting test, followed by a free-throw shooting test after a 30 min interval. These tests were administered using a crossover, counterbalanced approach with the Latin square method to ensure effective randomization.

Targeting the GDF15 Signalling for Obesity Treatment: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges.

The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)-glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, appetite and body weight control. Obesity is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease worldwide, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted that targeting the GDF15-GFRAL signalling pathway is a promising approach for treating obesity, particularly because it has minimal impact on skeletal muscle mass, which is essential to preserve during weight loss.

Mystery of gamma wave stimulation in brain disorders.

Neuronal oscillations refer to rhythmic and periodic fluctuations of electrical activity in the central nervous system that arise from the cellular properties of diverse neuronal populations and their interactions. Specifically, gamma oscillations play a crucial role in governing the connectivity between distinct brain regions, which are essential in perception, motor control, memory, and emotions. In this context, we recapitulate various current stimulation methods to induce gamma entrainment.

Exploring the structural validity and reliability of the swimming competence assessment scale in college students.

Purpose: As a globally popular physical activity, swimming also presents challenges due to its inherent aquatic risks. Therefore, the cultivation of swimming competence emerges as a crucial strategy in preventing drowning incidents. This study aimed to develop and validate the Swimming Competence Assessment Scale in College Students (SCAS) to address the gap in structured swimming proficiency evaluation, essential for drowning prevention and water safety education.

Effects of Two In-Season Short High-Intensity Interval Training Formats on Aerobic and Neuromuscular Performance in Young Soccer Players.

Supplementary high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs, focusing on different aspects of fitness, are commonly used in soccer practice. This study examined the impact of two different HIIT formats applied during the competitive season on aerobic and neuromuscular performance. Twenty-six young players from two youth amateur soccer teams (aged 18.

The effects of different forms of exercise during the early life on the bone microstructure of ovariectomized mice.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a type of bone disease with bone loss and deterioration of skeletal function that occurs in women after menopause. Studies have found that early-life exercise can reduce the risk of fractures and decrease the occurrence of osteoporosis, making it a promising approach for preventing and reversing bone loss. In this study, to identify the optimal forms of exercise during early life to optimize bone health and provide suggestions for promoting bone health through exercise training during early life, we conducted different forms of exercise interventions including ladder climbing, treadmill running, combined training, and whole-body vibration (WBV) on adolescent mice for 8 weeks and observed the accumulation of bone mass and arrangement of bone microstructure in adult mice.

Dynamic regulation of proximal tubular autophagy from injury to repair after ischemic kidney damage.

Background: The role of proximal tubular autophagy in repairing kidney injury following ischemia remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we utilized mice with conditional deletion of the Atg5 gene in proximal tubules and monitored the long-term dynamic regulation of autophagy following ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI).

Results: The results showed that Atg5-deficient proximal tubule epithelial cells exhibited damaged mitochondria, concentric membranes, and lysosomal accumulation 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion.

Isolation, evolution, and biological characterization of non-virulent and non-drug-resistant Escherichia coli from porcine intestine.

Previous studies have predominantly focused on the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiological investigations of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), but much remains unknown about the non-virulent and non-drug-resistant E. coli (NVNR E.