In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential and Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Approaches to Decipher the Mechanism of Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth., in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Gymnostachyum febrifugum, a less-known ethnomedicinal plant from the Western Ghats of India, is used to treat various diseases and serves as an antioxidant and antibacterial herb. The present study aims to profile the cytotoxic phytochemicals in G. febrifugum roots using GC-MS/MS, in vitro confirmation of cytotoxic potential against breast cancer and an in silico study to understand the mechanism of action.

Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints.

Purpose: The REDUCE-IT randomized trial demonstrated a cardiovascular benefit of icosapent ethyl (IPE) but also raised potential safety signals for atrial fibrillation (AF) and serious bleeding. We aimed to evaluate the real-world safety of IPE versus mixed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (OM-3) formulations.

Methods: This retrospective active comparator new-user cohort study compared rates of new-onset AF and major bleeding (MB) among adult new users of IPE versus OM-3 in 2020-2024 US Veterans Affairs data.

Engineering Acid-Promoted Two-Photon Ratiometric Nanoprobes for Evaluating HClO in Lysosomes and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

HClO is considered a potential contributing factor and biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accurate monitoring of lysosomal HClO is important for further developing specific diagnostic and therapeutic schedules for IBD. However, only rare types of fluorescent probes have been reported for detecting HClO in IBD so far.

Vernonolide A, a Sesquiterpene Lactone with a Unique Carbon Skeleton from .

A novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative, vernonolide A (), featuring an unprecedented carbon skeleton, along with its plausible biosynthetic precursor, vercinolide I (), and eight known sesquiterpene lactones (-) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of (L.). The structures of and were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis and calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Machine Learning-Assisted Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots as Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of Warfarin and Its Metabolites.

Warfarin (WAR), an effective oral anticoagulant, is of utmost importance in treating many diseases. Despite its significance, rapid and precise discrimination of WAR remains a formidable challenge, especially facing its structural analogs of metabolites. Here, three kinds of herb-derived N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were greenly synthesized via a fast and simple microwave-assisted method.

FF-ATPase Biomolecular Motor: Structure, Motility Manipulations, and Biomedical Applications.

Biomolecular motors are dynamic systems found in organisms with high energy conversion efficiency. FF-ATPase is a rotary biomolecular motor known for its near 100% energy conversion efficiency. It utilizes the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP to induce conformational changes in motor proteins, thereby converting chemical energy into mechanical motion.

Rapid Determination of Organic and Inorganic Selenium in Poultry Tissues by Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

An online reactive internal extraction electrospray ionization (iEESI) method was developed for the rapid determination of organic and inorganic speciation information for selenium in poultry tissue samples without complex sample pretreatment. The addition of citric acid as a reducing agent to the internal extraction solvent of methanol/acetic acid (99:1, V/V) for iEESI resulted in the reduction of selenate in the sample to selenite, accompanied by the production of malic acid as an oxidation product. The quantitative analysis of selenate was conducted by using malic acid.

Palladium Nanosheet Enables Synergistic Electrocatalytic Dehalogenation via Direct and Indirect Electron Transfer Mechanisms.

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation is a promising method for the remediation of chlorinated organic pollutants. The dehalogenation performance is controlled by catalytic activity, and the underlying electrocatalytic dehalogenation mechanisms need to be carefully investigated for guiding the design of catalyst. Here we report the preparation of a new Pd-based catalyst with a nanosheet structure (Pd NS) by a simple wet-chemical reduction method.

Integrated Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics to Investigate the Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg Glycine Ester Derivative Against Hypoxia.

Previous studies have suggested that ginsenoside Rg glycine ester derivative (RG) exhibits therapeutic potential in mitigating hypoxia. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of RG in hypoxia injury through a combined approach of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Initially, a CoCl-induced cell hypoxia model was established, and the therapeutic impact of RG on biochemical indices was evaluated.

Effectiveness for remission maintenance rate and safety of different rituximab regimens for treating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in Japan: a J-CANVAS study.

Rituximab (RTX) has been reported to effectively maintain remission in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). In this multicenter study involving 57 patients who achieved remission after 24 weeks, we evaluated the effectiveness of RTX in maintaining remission in patients with AAV. Patients were divided into three groups based on RTX administration: continuous, induction phase-only, and maintenance phase-only groups.

Frequency of Upper Body Muscular Demands in Contemporary and Ballet Dance Performance: A Cross Sectional Performance Analysis.

There is currently little research relating specifically to the muscular strength and endurance requirements of the upper body such as lifts at varying heights, ground floor contact with the hands and inversions such as handstands. Enhanced understanding of muscular demands can inform training program design to build physical tolerance to meet the demand of the activity. The aim of this study was to ascertain the frequency of upper body muscular skills in contemporary and ballet dance performance.

Comparison of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment of acute hyperkalaemia.

Objective: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) have been used for treating acute hyperkalaemia. The pharmacodynamic properties of SZC suggest greater theoretical utility in the acute setting than SPS, but there is no clear guidance on an optimal potassium binder. This study evaluated the efficacy of SZC and SPS in the treatment of acute hyperkalaemia.

Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: This analysis aimed to investigate diabetes-specific psychological outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus standard therapy.

Research Design And Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, adults with T1D were allocated to 26 weeks of HCL (MiniMed™ 670G) or standard therapy (insulin pump or multiple daily injections without real-time continuous glucose monitoring). Psychological outcomes (awareness and fear of hypoglycemia; and diabetes-specific positive well-being, diabetes distress, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and diabetes-specific quality of life (QoL)) were measured at enrollment, mid-trial and end-trial.

Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge.

From Antipsychotic to Neuroprotective: Computational Repurposing of Fluspirilene as a Potential PDE5 Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease.

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have shown great potential in treating Alzheimer's disease by improving memory and cognitive function. In this study, we evaluated fluspirilene, a drug commonly used to treat schizophrenia, as a potential PDE5 inhibitor using computational methods. Molecular docking revealed that fluspirilene binds strongly to PDE5, supported by hydrophobic and aromatic interactions.

A combination of genome mining with OSMAC strategy facilitates the discovery of bioactive metabolites produced from termite-associated Streptomyces tanashiensis BYF-112.

Background: Previously, eight new alkaloids were obtained from the fermentation extract of termite-associated Streptomyces tanashiensis BYF-112. However, genome analysis indicated the presence of many undiscovered secondary metabolites in S. tanashiensis BYF-112.

Self-Sustained Biophotocatalytic Nano-Organelle Reactors with Programmable DNA Switches for Combating Tumor Metastasis.

Metastasis, the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients, presents challenges for conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its reliance on localized light and oxygen application to tumors. To overcome these limitations, a self-sustained organelle-mimicking nanoreactor is developed here with programmable DNA switches that enables bio-chem-photocatalytic cascade-driven starvation-photodynamic synergistic therapy against tumor metastasis. Emulating the compartmentalization and positional assembly strategies found in living cells, this nano-organelle reactor allows quantitative co-compartmentalization of multiple functional modules for the designed self-illuminating chemiexcited PDT system.

Hypoxia-Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Nanoplatform for Breast-Cancer-Targeted Cocktail Immunotherapy via Triple Therapeutic Switch Mechanisms.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their exceptional in situ encapsulation and precise release capabilities, are emerging as pioneering drug delivery systems. This study introduces a hypoxia-responsive COF designed to encapsulate the chemotherapy drug gambogic acid (GA) in situ. Bimetallic gold-palladium islands were grown on UiO-66-NH (UiO) to form UiO@Au-Pd (UAPi), which were encapsulated with GA through COF membrane formation, resulting in a core-shell structure (UAPiGC).

Tumor-Associated Macrophages Nano-Reprogrammers Induce "Gear Effect" to Empower Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant brain tumor with high prevalence, remains highly resistant to the existing immunotherapies due to the significant immunosuppression within tumor microenvironment (TME), predominantly manipulated by M2-phenotypic tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs). Here in this work, an M2-TAMs targeted nano-reprogrammers, MG5-S-IMDQ, is established by decorating the mannose molecule as the targeting moiety as well as the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) on the dendrimeric nanoscaffold. MG5-S-IMDQ demonstrated an excellent capacity of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as selectively targeting M2-TAMs in the GBM microenvironment, leading to a phenotype transformation and function restoration of TAMs shown as heightened phagocytic activity toward tumor cells, enhanced cytotoxic effects, and improved tumor antigen cross-presentation capability.

Reply to Pennington, T.E.; Thompson, J.F. Sentinel Node Biopsy in Melanoma Remains a Valuable Clinical Tool. Comment on "Dixon et al. Primary Cutaneous Melanoma-Management in 2024. 2024, , 1607".

We note with interest the commentary by Pennington and Thompson (P&T) regarding our detailed update on the management of primary cutaneous melanoma in 2024 [...

From Cell Interactions to Bedside Practice: Complete Blood Count-Derived Biomarkers with Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential in Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a significant burden on health and economic systems worldwide. Improved VTE management calls for the integration of biomarkers into diagnostic algorithms and scoring systems for risk assessment, possible complications, and mortality. This literature review discusses novel biomarkers with potential diagnostic and prognostic value in personalized VTE management.

Mitigating the Risk of QTc Prolongation When Using Haloperidol for Acute Treatment of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults.

: Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), associated with long-term cannabinoid use, has been increasingly observed in emergency room visits as more states in the U.S. have legislatively permitted medical and recreational marijuana use.

The Role of Inflammatory Markers NLR and PLR in Predicting Pelvic Pain in Endometriosis.

: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in pelvic pain among endometriosis patients. This study examines the association between inflammatory markers-specifically the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)-and pelvic pain in endometriosis. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of endometriosis patients, assessing NLR and PLR levels in those with and without pelvic pain.