Efficacy and safety of dutasteride in the treatment of alopecia: a comprehensive review.

Introduction: Alopecia affects many individuals, with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) being the most common form in both men and women. The exact etiology of AGA is unclear. The systemic treatments of AGA include 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride), low-dose oral minoxidil.

Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activities of Notoginsenoside R1: A Systematical Review.

(PN) root is a renowned nutritional supplement, health food additive, and traditional medicine that maintains homeostasis within the human microcirculatory system. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), an active compound derived from PN root, has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and angiogenic effects. However, NG-R1's pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacological activities have not been systematically elucidated.

The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ginkgolic Acids: Secondary Metabolites from .

Ginkgolic acids (GAs) are distinctive secondary metabolites of () primarily found in its leaves and seeds, with the highest concentration located in the exotesta. GAs are classified as long-chain phenolic compounds, and exhibit structural similarities to lignoceric acid. Their structural diversity arises from variations in the length of side chains and their number of double bonds, resulting in six distinct forms within extracts (GBE).

Dual-OR Logic-Gated Lateral Flow Strip Assay Based on Colorimetric-Fluorescence Dual Indication for Screening of HPV16/18 in Multiple Scenarios.

The incidence of cervical cancer continues to rise in underdeveloped regions due to low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates and inadequate screening systems. To achieve convenient, rapid, and accurate detection of HPV, we developed a three-wire lateral flow strip assay system based on dual-OR logic gates for rapid and simultaneous detection of HPV subtypes 16 and 18 in a single test. The system combines three-branch-catalytic hairpin assembly (TCHA)-mediated signal amplification with simple OR logic gate-based signal output to improve detection rates while enabling HPV 16/18 subtype identification.

A miniaturized colorimetric-photoacoustic dual-mode device for point-of-care testing of ascorbic acid and ascorbate oxidase.

Background: Real-time and rapid detection of ingredients in food has important significance for food safety. However, traditional detection methods not only require bulky and costly instruments but also are often based on single-mode analysis, limiting their accuracy and applications in point-of-care testing. Herein, an integrated and miniaturized dual-mode device based on colorimetric and photoacoustic (PA) principles is developed, using Au@Ag nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) as signal probe and ascorbic acid (AA) and ascorbate oxidase (AAO) as analytes.

Screening for social anxiety disorder in students of Jordan universities after COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey study.

Objective: To examine the prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among university students in Jordan after the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated predictors.

Design: A cross-sectional online survey study that was conducted in Jordan between January and December 2023.

Setting: Universities in Jordan.

Controlins I-X, Resin Glycosides from the Seeds of and Their Biological Activities.

Ten new resin glycosides, controlins I-X (-), were isolated from the seeds of . Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis as well as by chemical means. Compounds were identified as glycosidic acid methyl esters, considered as artifacts generated via transesterification with MeOH from natural resin glycosides.

CRAmed: a conditional randomization test for high-dimensional mediation analysis in sparse microbiome data.

Motivation: Numerous microbiome studies have revealed significant associations between the microbiome and human health and disease. These findings have motivated researchers to explore the causal role of the microbiome in human complex traits and diseases. However, the complexities of microbiome data pose challenges for statistical analysis and interpretation of causal effects.

Shrinking the lymphatic filariasis map of Zimbabwe: Reassessing the population requiring treatment through confirmatory mapping.

Objectives: Zimbabwe is endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF) with 39 districts identified for mass drug administration (MDA) in 2014. The objective of this study was to reassess the current population requiring MDA.

Methods: The LF confirmatory mapping method was used to evaluate the prevalence of circulating filarial antigens (CFA) among school-aged children (9-14 years) in previously endemic districts.

Carbon monoxide alleviates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury via NADPH oxidase inhibition in macrophages and neutrophils.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by severe infection and often complicates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) due to the collapse of the oxidative and inflammatory balance induced by microbial pathogens, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In sepsis-related ARDS/ALI, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and toll-like receptors (TLR) in neutrophils and macrophages are key players in initiating oxidative and inflammatory imbalances. Although NOX and TLR activation has been linked to carbon monoxide (CO), the mechanism by which CO affects sepsis-related ARDS/ALI through NOX and TLR remains unknown.

Optimized pure cellulose from rice straw using low alkali concentration for sustainable nanocellulose and nanohydrogel production with enhanced dye reduction.

Conversion of rice straw into nanocellulose offers a sustainable approach to agricultural waste management, yielding an industrially important product with potential applications. This work focuses on effectively extracting pure cellulose from both widely used Basmati and Parmal rice straw (BRS and PRS) using less alkali concentrations (3-5 % NaOH). The process was optimized via Box Behnken design at 90-150 °C temperatures for 90-150 min, which resulted in 88.

A bioactive polysaccharide derived from Rosa laevigata fruits: Structural properties, antitumor efficacy, and potential mechanisms.

A heteropolysaccharide, designated JYP70-1, was extracted and purified from the fruits of Rosa laevigata, exhibiting a molecular weight of 1.90 × 10 g/mol. Structural analysis revealed that JYP70-1 was composed of eleven sugar residues, including α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, α-d-Glcp-(1→, →2)-α-d-Manp-(1→, and →3,6)-β-d-Manp-(1→.

Key epigenetic enzymes modulated by natural compounds contributes to tumorigenicity.

Dysregulation of epigenetic regulation is observed in numerous tumor cells. The therapeutic effects of natural products on tumors were investigated through a comprehensive analysis of active ingredients derived from various structured natural products. The analysis focuses on regulating key enzymes involved in epigenetic control.

Lobopaucinoids A-Q, bioactive terpenoids from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum collected in the South China Sea.

Two undescribed rearranged diterpenoids, lobopaucinoids A and B (1 and 2), along with thirteen undescribed lobane-type diterpenoids lobopaucinoids C-O (3-15) including a C (11) and two C (12 and 13) undescribed norditerpenoids, were isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum Ehrenberg (Sarcophytidae family) collected from Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. Additionally, two undescribed prenyleudesmane-type diterpenoids, lobopaucinoids P and Q (16 and 17), as well as two known lobane diterpenoids (18 and 19), were also obtained. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic data, Mosher's method, Mo(OAc) or Rh(OCOCF)-induced circular dichroism experiment, quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and literature comparison.

A benzoxazolyl urea inhibits VraS and enhances antimicrobials against vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) is a pathogen of concern. VraS, a histidine kinase, facilitates the VISA phenotype. Here, we reveal a benzoxazolyl urea (chemical 1) that directly inhibits VraS and enhances vancomycin to below the clinical breakpoint against an archetypal VISA strain, Mu50.

Carrier-free nanoparticles for cancer theranostics with dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescence imaging and combination photothermal and chemodynamic therapy.

Both photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are designed to focus their antitumor effect on only the tumor site, thereby minimizing unwanted severe damage to healthy tissue outside the tumor. However, each monotherapy is limited in achieving complete tumor eradication, resulting in tumor recurrence. The combination of multiple therapies may help to overcome the limitations of single therapy, improve the chances of complete tumor eradication, and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Rubicon siRNA-encapsulated liver-targeting nanoliposome is a promising therapeutic for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic liver disorder worldwide, and effective therapeutic strategies for its treatment remains limited. In this article, we introduced Glipo-siRubi, a hepatocytes-targeting RNA interference (RNAi) nanoliposome for suppression of Rubicon expression, aiming to achieve precise regulation of autophagy in NAFLD. Autophagy activation induced by Rubicon suppression resulted in reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro.

Synergistic therapy with celastrol-curcumin multifunctional nanomedicine: Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and reduced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally and a key hindrance to extending life expectancy. Celastrol (CEL) demonstrates excellent antitumor activity, but faces challenges like low solubility and a narrow therapeutic window, limiting its clinical application. To address these limitations, drug combinations and nano-delivery systems have emerged as effective solutions.

The Mechanism of Bovis Culus Sativus Protecting BBB Damage in Stroke: Insights from Network Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, and Experiments.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bovis calculus (BC) has a medicinal history of over 2,000 years in treating stroke in China. Bovis Culus Sativus (BCS) has similar pharmacological effects to BC. Due to the scarcity of BC, BCS is often used as a substitute for BC in clinical practice for treating stroke in traditional Chinese medicine.

Baicalein antagonises Rhopilema esculentum toxin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by modulating ROS-MAPK-NF-κB and inhibiting PLA activity.

The toxicity of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum (R. esculentum), an edible jellyfish that releases venom, has been controversial. The aim of this comprehensive study was to investigate the toxic effects of jellyfish tentacle extract (TE), which was evaluated in vivo and in vitro using ICR mice and RAW264.

A cis-regulatory element controls expression of histone deacetylase 9 to fine-tune inflammasome-dependent chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis.

Common genetic variants in a conserved cis-regulatory element (CRE) at histone deacetylase (HDAC)9 are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke and coronary artery disease. Given the consistency of this association and its proinflammatory properties, we examined the mechanisms whereby HDAC9 regulates vascular inflammation. HDAC9 bound and mediated deacetylation of NLRP3 in the NACHT and LRR domains leading to inflammasome activation and lytic cell death.

SMARCA2 protein: Structure, function and perspectives of drug design.

SMARCA2 is an ATPase that regulates chromatin structure via ATP pathways, controlling cell division and differentiation. SMARCA2's bromodomain and ATPase domain, crucial for chromatin remodeling and cell regulation, are therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. This review explores the role of SMARCA2 in cancer development by studying its protein structure and physiological functions.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-(2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)vinyl)phenyl) derivatives as next generation selective RET inhibitors overcoming RET solvent front mutations (G810C/R).

RET is a well-recognized drug target for cancer treatment. Despite the promising efficacy of selective second-generation RET inhibitors Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib, the clinical benefits have been compromised due to the quickly developed resistance to these drugs. RET G810 mutations at the solvent front site have been identified as the major on-target mutations contributing to resistance against Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib.

Bloodstream infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: Epidemiology, Antifungal susceptibility and new drug delivered strategies.

Bloodstream infection in neonates is a complicated disease and presents a major challenge both in diagnosis and in therapeutic intervention. The focus of the present study was to investigate the incidence, the species distribution and the risk factors associated with mortality of bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and evaluating the antifungal susceptibility of traditional antifungal drugs and three nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles. A total of 458 patients were evaluated, and 9.

AP39, a novel mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor, promotes cutaneous wound healing in an in vivo murine model of acute frostbite injury.

Frostbite injury refers to cold tissue injury which typically affects the peripheral areas of the body, and is associated with limb loss and high rates of morbidity. Historically, treatment options have been limited to supportive care, leading to suboptimal outcomes for affected patients. The pathophysiology of frostbite injury has been understood in recent years to share similarity with that of cold ischemia-reperfusion injury as seen in solid organ transplantation, of which mitochondria play an important contributing role.