Approach using the bath preparation containing rice extract for severe pruritus in a patient receiving hemodialysis: A case report.

Severe pruritus in a hemodialysis patient who had difficulty applying topical medication markedly reduced with the use of bath preparation containing rice extract. The bath preparation could be effective and an option for treating pruritus.

Palatability of Aripiprazole Gummies Prepared from Commercially Available Products: Pharmaceutical Formulation for Improving Patient Adherence.

Good adherence to medication is critical for successfully treating psychiatric disorders. Tailor-made pharmaceutical formulations can provide a suitable dosage form to meet the specific needs of individual patients who exhibit poor adherence to industrially manufactured products. Herein, we prepared aripiprazole (ARP) gummies (ARP-Gs) using a commercially available ARP formulation.

The efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in the management of burning mouth syndrome: An updated systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background And Aims: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) causes burning or uncomfortable feelings in the oral cavity without any obvious injuries. This condition's etiopathogenesis is still unknown, consequently, BMS management is very challenging. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring potent bioactive compound that has been found to be useful in the management of BMS in many studies.

Tablet characteristics and pharmacokinetics of orally disintegrating tablets containing coenzyme Q10 granules prepared by different methods.

This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics and pharmacokinetics of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) granules prepared by spray drying, hot-melting, and wet granulation. The hardness and disintegration times of CoQ10-ODTs containing 5 % crospovidone were 61.6-81.

Characterization of a Caffeic Acid 8--Methyltransferase from Citrus and Its Function in Nobiletin Biosynthesis.

Nobiletin (3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone) is a polymethoxylated flavonoid specifically accumulated in citrus fruit with numerous beneficial effects to human health. In this study, a novel -methyltransferase () was isolated from three citrus varieties, Ponkan mandarin ( Blanco), Nou 6 ("King mandarin" × "Mukaku-kishu"), and Satsuma mandarin ( Marc.), and its functions were characterized in vitro.

Beneficial effects of a nobiletin-rich formulated supplement of Sikwasa () peel on cognitive function in elderly Japanese subjects; A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Nobiletin exerts beneficial effects on cognitive function in various animal models of Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits and safety of a combination food of nobiletin-rich extract from peel for healthy elderly subjects.

Methods: The nobiletin-containing test food (Nobilex) comprised high-purity nobiletin powder combined with dried root powder of and dried lead powder of and was administered to elderly Japanese subjects once a day for 16 weeks.

Morphological evaluation of low-dose midazolam granules by laser Raman microscopy.

Raman analysis has higher sensitivity for the detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) than additives; thus, it is expected to be used for the evaluation of low-content preparations. The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of granule morphology assessment using Raman analysis in the development of low-content formulations. In this study, midazolam was used as a model drug to prepare granules as a low-content formulation.

-Nitrosated alpha-1-acid glycoprotein exhibits antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria strains and synergistically enhances the effect of antibiotics.

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a major acute-phase protein. Biosynthesis of AGP increases markedly during inflammation and infection, similar to nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. AGP variant A (AGP) contains a reduced cysteine (Cys149).

Species differences in ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activities of regorafenib and pazopanib eye-drops among rats, rabbits and monkeys.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision impairment in patients over the age of 60 years. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the hallmark of neovascular AMD and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a causal role in the formation of CNV. Although regorafenib and pazopanib, small molecule VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, were developed as eye-drops, their efficacies were insufficient in clinical.

Effect of rifampicin and clarithromycin on the CYP3A activity in patients with complex.

Background: The prevalence of pulmonary infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing worldwide. Furthermore, the treatment of infections caused by the complex (MAC) remains challenging. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducer, rifampicin, and the CYP inhibitor, clarithromycin, have clinical activity against MAC and key drugs in the treatment of MAC infection.

Ease of Taking and Palatability of Fixed-Dose Orally Disintegrating Mitiglinide/Voglibose Tablets.

Fixed-dose combination (FDC) medicines containing two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in a single dosage form have been reported to improve patient adherence to a greater extent than single dosages of individual components (ICs). Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are easier to swallow than conventional tablets. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical pharmaceutical characteristics of taking a FDC-ODT and two IC-ODTs.

Effect of co-administered inducer or inhibitor on omeprazole pharmacokinetics based on CYP2C19 genotype.

Polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can affect enzymatic activity, drug metabolism and drug interactions. Although the potential for drug interactions is especially important when co-administering drugs with strong inductive or inhibitory potential towards drug-metabolizing enzymes, the relationship between CYP genotypes and the extent of the inductive or inhibitory effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of rifampicin (inductive) and fluvoxamine (inhibitory) on metabolism of omeprazole and CYP2C19 enzymatic activity in 19 healthy Japanese subjects.

Preparation of Cocoa Powder-Containing Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Rebamipide (Rebamipide Chocolet) and Evaluation of Their Clinical Palatability.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), which are administered without water, are beneficial for elderly patients and patients with dysphagia. Masking the unpleasant taste of a drug is an important factor associated with adherence of patients consuming ODTs. We prepared cocoa powder-containing ODTs of bitter-tasting rebamipide (rebamipide chocolet) and evaluated their clinical palatability.

A role of uroleuconaphins, polyketide red pigments in aphid, as a chemopreventor in the host defense system against infection with entomopathogenic fungi.

Four red polyketide pigments, uroleuconaphins A (1) and B (2) and their glucosides 3 and 4, were isolated from the red goldenrod aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. Although these red pigments exist only as glucosides 3 and 4 in the intact insect body, 3 and 4 convert instantly to aglycones 1 and 2 at death. Pigments 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of Lecanicillium sp.

Expression of a urokinase-type plasminogen activator during tumor growth leads to angiogenesis via galanin activation in tumor-bearing mice.

Small-cell lung carcinoma releases progalanin. The released progalanin is activated via a nonclassical processing pathway, being processed into an active form of galanin (1-20) by plasmin in extracellular components. Plasmin is produced from plasminogen activators.

Influence of Renal Function on Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A4 in a Patient With Renal Impairment.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that renal impairment not only decreases renal clearance but also hepatic clearance of medications that are CYP3A4 substrates. We evaluated the influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

Methods: We retrospectively calculated the concentration/dose ratio (CD ratio) for topiramate and clobazam in an epilepsy patient with renal impairment.

Citric Acid Suppresses the Bitter Taste of Olopatadine Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are formulated to disintegrate upon contact with saliva, allowing administration without water. Olopatadine hydrochloride, a second-generation antihistamine, is widely used for treating allergic rhinitis. However, it has a bitter taste; therefore, the development of taste-masked olopatadine ODTs is essential.

Influence of antiepileptic drugs on serum lipid levels in adult epilepsy patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on lipid levels in adult epilepsy patients. We retrospectively reviewed blood data of 5053 patients with epilepsy (aged 20-94 years) and divided them into 3 groups: non AED group (without AED treatment), non-inducer group (using non-inducer AEDs), and inducer group (taking inducer AEDs; phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ)). As a marker of dyslipidemia, the level of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was calculated by subtracting HDL-cholesterol from total cholesterol.

Oral sustained-release suspension based on a lauryl sulfate salt/complex.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of lauryl sulfate (LS) salt/complex as a novel carrier in oral sustained-release suspensions. Mirabegron, which has a pH-dependent solubility, was selected as the model drug. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was bound to mirabegron in a stoichiometric manner to form an LS salt/complex.

Evaluation of the ease of taking mini-tablets compared with other tablet formulations in healthy volunteers.

"Mini-tablets" (MTs) are tablets of diameter≤3mm and have been widely studied and developed. However, reports comparing MTs with other tablet formulations are few. We wished to evaluate the ease of taking a MT quantitatively in comparison with an orally disintegrating mini-tablet (ODMT), conventional tablet (CT) and conventional orally disintegrating tablet (ODT).

Melanin production through novel processing of proopiomelanocortin in the extracellular compartment of the auricular skin of C57BL/6 mice after UV-irradiation.

The production of melanin is regulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is produced from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Keratinocytes release POMC along with lower levels of α-MSH and ACTH. To clarify the mechanism of melanogenesis after ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation, this study focused on the expression of POMC and POMC-derived peptides after UV-irradiation.

Effect of granule properties on rough mouth feel and palatability of orally disintegrating tablets.

In this study, we evaluated the palatability of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing core granules with different particle sizes, coating, and types of materials using visual analog scales (VAS). Tableting the core granules into ODTs reduced rough mouth feel and improved overall palatability compared to the ingestion of core granules alone. Moreover, the evaluation performed immediately after spitting out ODTs demonstrated differences in rough mouth feel between ODTs containing placebo and core granules.

Preparation and characterization of high-content aripiprazole-loaded core-shell structure microsphere for long-release injectable formulation.

The aim of this study was to obtain injectable high-drug-loading core-shell structure microspheres that release aripiprazole over 2 months. The microparticles were prepared by the oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized. The microparticles were prepared with aripiprazole and 3 types of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (DL-PLA: molecular weight (MW), ca.

Clinical disintegration time of orally disintegrating tablets clinically available in Japan in healthy volunteers.

Disintegration time is an important characteristic of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), and evaluation of disintegration time is a key step in formulation development, manufacturing, and clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to clarify the clinical disintegration time of ODTs that are currently used clinically, and to evaluate its correlation with the in vitro disintegration time of ODTs which was measured using Tricorptester, a newly developed disintegration testing apparatus. The clinical disintegration time of 17 ODT products was measured in healthy volunteers (n=9-10; age range, 21-28 years).