Congenital hepatoblastoma: Expanding knowledge, improving outcomes.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare liver tumour, and its congenital counterpart (CHB) is even less frequent. CHB has a clinically challenging management and a generally perceived worse outcome. This study aims to review the literature on CHB to better define presentation, diagnosis, available treatments and management options.

Diagnosis and Management of Congenital H-Type Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Results of a National Survey.

Background: Congenital h-type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF) without esophageal atresia (EA) represents about 4% of congenital esophageal anomalies. The diagnosis is challenging, and surgery is considered curative. The aim was to report a national survey on the diagnosis, management, and outcome of patients with congenital H-TEF.

Imaging strategy for focal nodular hyperplasia in children: long-term experience from two specialist European centres.

Background: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in children is a rare but benign tumour, which must be differentiated from malignant entities to avoid unnecessary treatment, leading to potential morbidity.

Objectives: To provide data on imaging findings of these lesions with a suggested algorithm for diagnosis, sampling and follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective review evaluated imaging of all patients diagnosed with FNH in two tertiary referral centres in Europe between 1975 and 2018.

Perinatal Exposure to Phthalates: From Endocrine to Neurodevelopment Effects.

Phthalates, as other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may alter the homeostasis and the action of hormones and signaling molecules, causing adverse health outcomes. This is true especially for infants, who are both more exposed and sensitive to their effects. Phthalates are particularly harmful when the exposure occurs during certain critical temporal windows of the development, such as the prenatal and the early postnatal phases.

Heterotopic pancreas in the gastrointestinal tract in children: a single-center experience and a review of the literature.

Background: Heterotopic pancreas, that is the abnormal localization of a well-differentiated pancreatic tissue, is a rare occurrence in pediatric patients. Most lesions are found incidentally; in some circumstances, the presence of heterotopic pancreas may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as obstructive symptoms or bleeding.

Patients And Methods: The clinical notes of patients with histological diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas treated at Meyer Children's Hospital between 2009 and 2017 have been retrospectively examined.

Medium-term results after cholecystectomy in patients younger than 10 years.

Background: Gallbladder stones are a well-known and widely studied problem in children. Hematological disorders are the most common diseases that can cause cholelithiasis. However, in the last few years, the proportion of children with idiopathic cholelithiasis has increased 50%.

Pancreatitis caused by duodenal duplication.

The authors present the investigations and surgical treatment of two cases of duodenal cystic duplication. Abdominal pain and gastroesophageal reflux were the most important symptoms and signs associated with an history of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography scan, ultrasound examination, and cholangiography confirmed preoperatively the diagnosis, and a transduodenal surgical approach was carried out in both children.