End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness during the Southern Hemisphere 2022 influenza season - Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Objectives: This study estimated the 2022 end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalization in Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Methods: We pooled surveillance data from SARI cases in 18 sentinel surveillance hospitals in Chile (n = 9), Paraguay (n = 2), and Uruguay (n = 7) from March 16-November 30, 2022. VE was estimated using a test-negative design and logistic regression models adjusted for country, age, sex, presence of ≥1 comorbidity, and week of illness onset.

Teaching nursing within a population health context: From concept to exemplars.

As researchers in the health sciences improve their understanding of the underlying causes of poor health to include non-medical factors, nursing practice must expand and adapt to enable nurses to effectively contribute to population health improvement. The concept of population health has been incorporated into the current American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education (2021) as a set of competencies for nurses at entry and advanced levels. This article provides a description of these competencies, and exemplars of how to include them meaningfully in nursing curricula at the entry level.

Inequity of antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccine coverage in Australia: the Links2HealthierBubs record linkage cohort study, 2012-2017.

Background: Pregnancy and early infancy are increased risk periods for severe adverse effects of respiratory infections. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (respectfully referred to as First Nations) women and children in Australia bear a disproportionately higher burden of respiratory diseases compared to non-Indigenous women and infants. Influenza vaccines and whooping cough (pertussis) vaccines are recommended and free in every Australian pregnancy to combat these infections.

Evaluation of a Carepartner-Integrated Telehealth Gait Rehabilitation Program for Persons with Stroke : Study Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

Background: Despite family carepartners of individuals post-stroke experiencing high levels of strain and reduced quality of life, stroke rehabilitation interventions rarely address carepartner well-being or offer training to support their engagement in therapeutic activities. Our group has developed creative intervention approaches to support families during stroke recovery, thereby improving physical and psychosocial outcomes for both carepartners and stroke survivors. The purpose of this preliminary clinical trial is to test the feasibility of an adapted, home-based intervention (Carepartner Collaborative Integrative Therapy for Gait-CARE-CITE-Gait) designed to facilitate positive carepartner involvement during home-based training targeting gait and mobility.

A cross-country comparison of health-related quality of life in the United States, Sweden, and Norway during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Limited studies have directly compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in different countries during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HRQoL outcomes in the US, Sweden, and Norway during the first year under the pandemic.

Methods: In April 2020, during early phase of the pandemic, separately in the US, Sweden, and Norway, we surveyed 2,734, 1,003 and 1,020 respondents, then again in January 2021, we collected 2,252, 1,013 and 1,011 respondents.

The Architecture of a Research Study.

Editor's note: This is the 15th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Maternal exposure to ultrafine particles enhances influenza infection during pregnancy.

Background: Interactions between air pollution and infectious agents are increasingly recognized and critical to identify, especially to protect vulnerable populations. Pregnancy represents a vulnerable period for influenza infection and air pollution exposure, yet interactions during pregnancy remain unclear. Maternal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, [Formula: see text] 100 nm diameter), a class of particulate matter ubiquitous in urban environments, elicits unique pulmonary immune responses.

A cost description of the setup costs of community-owned maternity waiting homes in rural Zambia.

Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) are one strategy to improve access to skilled obstetric care in low resource settings such as Zambia. The Maternity Homes Access in Zambia project built 10 MWHs at rural health centers in Zambia for women awaiting delivery and postnatal care (PNC) visits. The objective of this paper is to summarize the costs associated with setup of 10 MWHs, including infrastructure, furnishing, stakeholder engagement, and activities to build the capacity of local communities to govern MWHs.

Association between maternal influenza vaccination and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood: a longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study.

Objective: To assess the association between exposure to seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and the risk of a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder in early childhood.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Population-based birth registry linked with health administrative databases in Western Australia (WA).

Quantifying changes in respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children in Texas during COVID-19 pandemic using records from 2006 to 2021.

Aim: To quantify changes on RSV- associated hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic, among children four years of age or younger at the state and county levels of Texas using routinely acquired hospital admission records.

Methods: We used the Texas Public Use Data Files (PUDF) of the Department of State Human Services (DSHS) to obtain hospital admissions and healthcare outcomes from 2006 to 2021. We used the 2006-2019 period to estimate a long-term temporal trend and predict expected values for 2020-2021.

Effects of a 12-Session Symptom Self-Management Course on Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients' Auditory Hallucinations and Anxiety.

The purpose of this clinical dissemination project was to evaluate changes in intensity of unpleasant auditory hallucinations (AH) and level of anxiety after forensic psychiatric inpatients attended an evidence-based symptom self-management course. The course was taught twice to patients with schizophrenic disorders. Data were collected using five self-rating measures.

Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life from Conception to Postpartum Using the EQ-5D-5L Among a National Sample of US Pregnant and Postpartum Adults.

Background: During pregnancy, physiological changes occur from conception to birth. We assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) throughout pregnancy and postpartum using the EQ-5D-5L.

Methods: Between May and July 2021 (wave 1) and December 2021 and April 2022 (wave 2), we conducted a series of cross-sectional, national online surveys of 5250 pregnant and postpartum United States (US) adults.

Implementation of a Level III neonatal intensive care unit was associated with reduced NICU mortality in a resource limited public tertiary care hospital in Guyana, South America.

Neonatal mortality is a significant contributor to child mortality, and there is increasing interest in low resource settings to implement neonatal intensive care practices to lower neonatal mortality. In Guyana, South America neonatal mortality remains relatively high. At Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), the only tertiary referral hospital in Guyana, a Level III NICU was developed starting in January, 2012 with full implementation in September, 2015.

Understanding Capacity and Optimizing Meaningful Engagement among Persons Living with Dementia.

Meaningful engagement is a key dimension of quality of life among persons living with dementia, yet little is known about how to best to promote it. Guided by grounded theory methods, we present analysis of data collected over a 1-year period in four diverse assisted living (AL) communities as part of the study, "Meaningful Engagement and Quality of Life among Assisted Living Residents with Dementia." Our aims are to: (a) learn how meaningful engagement is negotiated among AL residents with dementia and their care partners; and (b) identify how to create these positive encounters.

Understanding Factors That Predict Advance Directive Completion.

Background: Advance care planning was designed for the purpose of ensuring that patients receive care at end of life (EOL) that is congruent with their wishes, goals, and values. Despite the evidence of the negative impact of not having advance directives (ADs), only one-third of adults in the United States have written ADs. Determining the patient's goals of care in the setting of metastatic cancer is vital to the delivery of high-quality healthcare.

Temporal trends and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine coverage and series initiation during pregnancy in Ontario, Canada, December 2020 to December 2021: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Population-based COVID-19 vaccine coverage estimates among pregnant individuals are limited. We assessed temporal patterns in vaccine coverage (≥1 dose before or during pregnancy) and evaluated factors associated with vaccine series initiation (receiving dose 1 during pregnancy) in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We linked the provincial birth registry with COVID-19 vaccination records from December 14, 2020 to December 31, 2021 and assessed coverage rates among all pregnant individuals by month, age, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics.

A Scoping Review of Nurse Educator Competencies: Mind the Gap.

Background: Unclear guidance continues faculty role preparation for promoting students' successful transition to practice.

Objectives: To examine nurse educator competencies and their role in students' transition to practice.

Design: This study utilized Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for conducting a scoping review.

Antidepressant treatment-related brain activity changes in remitted major depressive disorder.

Recent evidence has shown that some brain regions are core hubs and play a key role in the treatment of depression. Twenty-five unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included, and telephone follow-up was performed at 8, 24, and 48 weeks after enrollment. After reaching clinical remission, they were scheduled for a second magnetic resonance imaging scan and clinical evaluation.

Measures of Racism and Discrimination in Preterm Birth Studies.

Objective: Preterm birth (any birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation) disproportionally affects Black birthing people and is associated with adverse perinatal and fetal health outcomes. Racism increases the risk of preterm birth, but standardized measurement metrics are elusive. This narrative synthesis examines literature on measures of racial discrimination used in preterm birth research.

COVID-19 vaccine coverage among college students following vaccine mandates.

Objective: Colleges are potential hotspots for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to lower immunization rates and possible close contacts among young adults. Some universities have implemented policies mandating COVID-19 vaccination; however, their effects remain uncertain. We estimated COVID-19 vaccination rates with and without university-mandated vaccination policies.

Factors Predicting Poor Mental and Physical Health in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children's Health.

Although poor health has been reported in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), most studies excluded fathers and focused on mental health. We combined 2016-2019 data from the National Surveys of Children's Health to determine child and parent characteristics that predict poor mental and physical health in fathers (n = 818) and mothers (n = 2111) of children with ASD. For fathers of children with ASD, higher parenting stress was significantly associated with greater odds of poor physical health, whereas racial and ethnic minorities and living at 400% above the federal poverty were significantly associated with lower odds of poor mental health.