Correlates of internalized stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana.

Objective: HIV-related stigma is a major public health concern compromising the rights and health outcomes of many people living with HIV (PLWH). Its reduction is said to be critical in strengthening the continuous efforts targeted at preventing and controlling HIV, as it directly impacts antiretroviral treatment adherence. This study examines the association between HIV-related stigma and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among PLWH in one of the 16 administrative regions of Ghana, Africa.

Decision-making regarding place of end-of-life care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: a systematic integrative review.

Background: Due to medical advancements the number of children living with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions is rising, meaning more children and their families will require palliative and end-of-life care in the future. While 'home' is often the preferred place of end-of-life care, the evidence around best practice for decision-making about place of end-of-life care remains inadequate.

Aim: To synthesise evidence on the factors influencing decision-making regarding place of end-of-life care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.

Nursing professionalism and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A higher level of nursing professionalism improves autonomy among nurses, the quality of nursing care, and patient outcomes. However, inconsistent findings on the prevalence of nursing professionalism and associated factors have been reported among studies conducted in Ethiopia, and a meta-analysis of pooled results have not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of higher levels of nursing professionalism and factors associated with it.

Number of children and dementia risk: a causal mediation analysis using data from the HUNT study linked with national registries in Norway.

Background: Childlessness, as well as having a high number of children, has been reported to be associated with an elevated risk of dementia compared to having 2-3 children. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are not well understood and may be mediated by different midlife risk factors. We examined the mediating role of various factors on the relationship between the number of children and dementia risk.

The effect of a comprehensive intervention on anthropometric indices, dietary intake, and physical activity of adolescent boys with overweight.

Background: Non-communicable diseases in adulthood are reported to be strongly associated with adolescent obesity. The present study aimed to assess the effect of a comprehensive lifestyle modification intervention on the anthropometric indices, dietary intake, and physical activity of adolescent boys with overweight.

Methods: This pragmatic trial was conducted on 126 adolescent boys with overweight.

Gestational weight gain patterns as predictors of cesarean deliveries in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have been linked to an increased risk of cesarean section. However, existing literature primarily focuses on weight gain during individual trimesters, lacking a comprehensive assessment of GWG trajectories across all three trimesters. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-pregnancy BMI and changes in GWG trajectories from the first to the third trimester on cesarean section in women with confirmed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Adverse birth outcome and associated factors among mothers with antepartum hemorrhage in public hospitals Tigray, northern Ethiopia, 2020.

Background: Adverse birth outcome is a major public health problem in the world and in Ethiopia. Antepartum hemorrhage complicates 3-5% of pregnancies and is a primary cause of perinatal and maternal mortality worldwide. One in five of all preterm babies are born in association with antepartum hemorrhage.

Development of a CT radiomics prognostic model for post renal tumor resection overall survival based on transformer enhanced K-means clustering.

Background: Kidney tumors, common in the urinary system, have widely varying survival rates post-surgery. Current prognostic methods rely on invasive biopsies, highlighting the need for non-invasive, accurate prediction models to assist in clinical decision-making.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct a K-means clustering algorithm enhanced by Transformer-based feature transformation to predict the overall survival rate of patients after kidney tumor resection and provide an interpretability analysis of the model to assist in clinical decision-making.

Anatomic variations in origin and coursing of the transverse cervical artery: morphogenesis and relation to the high arch-shaped subclavian artery.

This case report presents an atypical transverse cervical artery with its detailed anatomy, morphogenesis, and association with the high arch-shaped subclavian artery. The atypical arteries, related arteries, and adjacent cervical and brachial plexuses were macroscopically examined in a 98-year-old Japanese female cadaver donated to The Nippon Dental University for medical education and research. The atypical deep branch of the transverse cervical artery originated from the internal thoracic artery and passed through between the C5 and C6 roots, in close contact with the C5 and C6 junction, to reach the dorsal side of the brachial plexus.

Pericapsular nerve group cryoneurolysis as an option for palliative nonoperative management of hip fracture in a patient with end-stage medical comorbidities.

Purpose: We report the use of a pericapsular nerve group (PENG) cryoneurolysis for longer-term analgesia in a patient with a hip fracture and severe medical comorbidities as an alternative to hip fracture surgery.

Clinical Features: A frail but lucid and fully autonomous 97-yr-old female from an assisted living facility sustained a subcapital fracture of her right proximal femur following a ground level fall. She had significant comorbidities including end-stage respiratory disease.

The citizen perspective on challenges and rehabilitation needs among individuals treated for head and neck cancer: a qualitative study.

Purpose: In Denmark, the prevalence of head and neck cancer is approximately 17.000, and the incidence is increasing. The disease and treatment of this condition may lead to severe physical, psychological, and social consequences.

Determinants of frailty among hospitalized older adults across various wards in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

Introduction: Frailty, characterized by decreased resilience due to physiological decline, affects approximately 65% of community-dwelling elderly in Nepal. This study assessed frailty and its factors among hospitalized older adults in a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 124 participants aged 60 and above, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Age-threshold for increased risk of developing back disorders: prospective cohort with 74 000 individuals from the UK Biobank.

Objective: To investigate the prospective associations between age and the risk of low back disorders (LBD), dorsal disorders (DD), and cervical disorders (CD), and to identify a potential age-threshold for increased risk of back disorders.

Methods: Prospective cohort from the UK Biobank comprising adults with no history of back disorders. We examined different ages and their association with the risk of back disorders derived from diagnoses of hospital registers.

Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of early breast cancer: A scoping review of risk factors and outcomes.

Purpose: Aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) are the most common adverse effects experienced by breast cancer patients. This scoping review aimed to systematically synthesize the predictors/risk factors and outcomes of AIMSS in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) from inception to December 2024 following the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005).

Implementing targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination: a qualitative study.

Background: As the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme progressed, greater emphasis was placed on the implementation of localized targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination coverage. This study examines one UK region's approach to the delivery of targeted vaccination activities and identifies key factors influencing implementation.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of key individuals involved in vaccination delivery across Greater Manchester (GM).

Evaluating the Impact of an Educational Intervention on Nursing Labor Support Practices and Cesarean Birth Rates.

Over 30% of births in the United States occur via cesarean section despite increased risks to the birthing person and neonate. Evidence-based nursing practice related to fetal monitoring, patient positioning, and management of the second stage of labor can decrease the incidence of cesarean birth. The objective is to decrease the cesarean birth rate by 3% in a Midwestern suburban hospital.

Motivational Interviewing to Address Vaccine Hesitancy in a Rural Population.

Individuals experience vaccination hesitancy for many reasons. However, not receiving vaccinations leaves individuals at increased risk for vaccine-preventable illnesses. Individuals in rural areas are more likely to experience vaccine hesitancy.

A Community Initiative to Increase Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Awareness, and Intent to Screen in an Underserved Region.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States despite the availability of effective preventive screening. This project was designed as a community awareness initiative to increase CRC awareness, knowledge, and intent to discuss and complete CRC screening. This quasi-experimental study had a QI focus and used a convenience sample in a public setting assessing CRC awareness, knowledge, and intent to discuss and complete screening after participating in an inflatable colon tour.

Integrating Shared Decision-Making Into Treatment Planning for Clinicians Who Treat Individuals With Serious Mental Illness.

Shared decision-making (SDM) has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling clinicians and patients to make health care decisions as partners. However, its implementation in mental health care has been a slow process. The objective of the study was to implement SDM during outpatient mental health treatment planning.

Intensive care unit acquired weakness and physical rehabilitation in the ICU.

Approximately half of critically ill adults experience intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). Patients who develop ICUAW may have negative outcomes, including longer duration of mechanical ventilation, greater length of stay, and worse mobility, physical functioning, quality of life, and mortality. Early physical rehabilitation interventions have potential for improving ICUAW; however, randomized trials show inconsistent findings on the efficacy of these interventions.

Jigsaw technique: Will it help Gen Z nursing students?

This research focuses on Generation Z (Gen Z) students, specifically those in nursing colleges. Gen Z individuals display unique characteristics in terms of thinking, personality, lifestyle, and learning preferences compared to preceding generations, necessitating adaptations in teaching methodologies within nursing schools. This study explores the effectiveness of the Jigsaw Technique (JST) in engaging first-year undergraduate nursing students in learning process.

Harnessing phytoconstituents in ethosomes: A new frontier in skin disorder management.

The rising incidence of skin disorders has necessitated the exploration of innovative therapeutic modalities that harness the beneficial properties of natural compounds. Phytoconstituents, renowned for their diverse pharmacological attributes, present considerable promise in the management of various dermatological conditions. This review delineates the integration of phytoconstituents into ethosomal formulations, which are advanced lipid-based carriers specifically designed to enhance transdermal delivery.