Deep learning-based Monte Carlo dose prediction for heavy-ion online adaptive radiotherapy and fast quality assurance: A feasibility study.

Background: Online adaptive radiotherapy (OART) and rapid quality assurance (QA) are essential for effective heavy ion therapy (HIT). However, there is a shortage of deep learning (DL) models and workflows for predicting Monte Carlo (MC) doses in such treatments.

Purpose: This study seeks to address this gap by developing a DL model for independent MC dose (MCDose) prediction, aiming to facilitate OART and rapid QA implementation for HIT.

Doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated liposome modified with ANGPT2-specific peptide for integrative glioma-targeted imaging and therapy.

Liposomal nanocarriers are able to carry peptides for efficient and selective delivery of radioactive tracer and drugs into the tumors. Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) is an excellent biomarker for precise diagnosis and therapy of glioma. The present study aimed to design ANGPT2-specific peptides to modify the surface of nanoliposomes containing doxorubicin (Dox) for integrative imaging and targeting therapy of glioma.

Two Consecutive Pathways Competing for Supramolecular Polymerization of Naphthalene-diimide Molecules.

The final outcomes of supramolecular assembly are determined by the pathways and the formation of intermediates during the assembly process. We studied pathway complexity involving two consecutive pathways in supramolecular polymerization of naphthalene-diimide (NDI) derivative molecule. Depending on preparation methods anisotropic aggregates of J-type nanorods (Agg I) or more flexible H-type nanofibers (Agg II) are obtained from the identical initial state in solution of methyl cyclohexane (MCH) or MCH/CHCl3 mixtures.

Relay Protection Device Reliability Assessment Through Radiation, Fault Injection and Fault Tree Analysis.

Relay protection devices must operate continuously throughout the year without anomalies. With the integration of advanced technology and process chips in secondary equipment, new risks need to be addressed to ensure the reliability of these relay protection devices. One such risk is the impact of α-particles inducing single event effects (SEEs) on the secondary equipment.

Optimization Methods for Radon Progeny Measurement Based on the Three-Stage Method.

In different measurement tasks, the duration allocated for radon progeny concentration measurement varies, and the requirements for measurement precision also differ. To accommodate the needs of various radon progeny concentration measurement tasks, this study takes the error in radon progeny concentration measurement as the optimization goal and the time points of the three-stage method as the optimization target, establishing an optimized three-stage method for radon progeny concentration measurement. The optimization algorithm allocates the three time periods under any total measurement time requirement, ensuring the highest measurement precision.

Electronic structure of superconducting infinite-layer lanthanum nickelates.

Revealing the momentum-resolved electronic structure of infinite-layer nickelates is essential for understanding this class of unconventional superconductors but has been hindered by the formidable challenges in improving the sample quality. In this work, we report the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting LaSrNiO films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and in situ atomic-hydrogen reduction. The measured Fermi topology closely matches theoretical calculations, showing a large Ni [Formula: see text]-derived Fermi sheet that evolves from hole-like to electron-like along and a three-dimensional (3D) electron pocket centered at the Brillouin zone corner.

Radiomics based on F-FDG PET for predicting treatment response and prognosis in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients: do lesion selection and segmentation methods matter?

Background: Radiomics features extracted from baseline F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) scans have shown promising results in predicting the treatment response and outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. This study aimed to assess the influence of lesion selection approaches and segmentation methods on the radiomics of DLBCL in terms of treatment response and prognosis prediction.

Methods: A total of 522 and 382 patients pathologically diagnosed with DLBCL were enrolled for complete regression and 2-year event-free survival prediction, respectively.

Exploring the binding mode of BBA protein anchored on defective graphene and evaluating the biocompatibility of two types of graphene with λ-repressor protein.

Since defects in nanomaterials are inevitable during experimental manipulation, investigating the interactions between defective materials and active biological proteins is crucial for evaluating the biocompatibility and biosafety of nanomaterials. This study employs molecular dynamics simulation techniques to investigate the interaction mechanisms between two types of graphene (ideal graphene and defective graphene) and two model proteins (BBA protein and λ-repressor protein). The simulation results indicate that both types of graphene exhibit superior biocompatibility with the λ-repressor protein compared to the BBA protein.

Time-resolved spectroscopy uncovers deprotonation-induced reconstruction in oxygen-evolution NiFe-based (oxy)hydroxides.

Transition-metal layered double hydroxides are widely utilized as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), undergoing dynamic transformation into active oxyhydroxides during electrochemical operation. Nonetheless, our understanding of the non-equilibrium structural changes that occur during this process remains limited. In this study, utilizing in situ energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy and machine learning analysis, we reveal the occurrence of deprotonation and elucidate the role of incorporated iron in facilitating the transition from nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) into its active oxyhydroxide.

Patterns of Tau pathology in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease visualized by Florzolotau (18F) PET.

Background: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder with prominent Tau protein deposits in the brainstem and hypothalamus. The aim of this study was to visualize the in vivo distribution patterns of Tau protein in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease using the second-generation Tau PET tracer, Florzolotau (18F) PET imaging.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease were enrolled consecutively.

Observation of Large Low-Field Magnetoresistance in Layered (NdNiO):NdO Films at High Temperatures.

Large low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR, < 1 T), related to the spin-disorder scattering or spin-polarized tunneling at boundaries of polycrystalline manganates, holds considerable promise for the development of low-power and ultrafast magnetic devices. However, achieving significant LFMR typically necessitates extremely low temperatures due to diminishing spin polarization as temperature rises. To address this challenge, one strategy involves incorporating Ruddlesden-Popper structures (ABO):AO, which are layered derivatives of perovskite structure capable of potentially inducing heightened magnetic fluctuations at higher temperatures.

Solar-driven production of renewable chemicals via biomass hydrogenation with green methanol.

Solar-driven, selective biomass hydrogenation is recognized as a promising route to renewable chemicals production, but remains challenging. Here, we report a TiO supported Cu single-atom catalyst with a four-coordinated Cu-O structure, which can be universally applied for solar-driven production of various renewable chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass-derived platform molecules with good yields using green methanol as a hydrogen donor, to address this challenge. It is significant that the biomass upgrading driven by natural sunlight on a gram scale demonstrates the great practical potential.

Covalent organic frameworks for radioactive iodine capture: structure and functionality.

The adsorption of radioactive iodine is a critical concern in nuclear safety and environmental protection due to its hazardous nature and long half-life. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for capturing radioactive iodine owing to their tunable porosity, high surface area, and versatile functionalization capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of COFs in the adsorption of radioactive iodine.

Phytochemical Analysis and Multifaceted Biomedical Activities of Extract as Natural Product-Based Therapies.

This study examined the phytochemical profile and biomedical activities of , a halophytic and drought-resistant shrub. HPLC analysis showed gallic acid (1905.1 μg/g), catechin (1984.

Biocompatible ionized air alleviates rat osteoarthritis by modulating polarization from M1 to M2 macrophages.

The imbalance in the proportion of M1/M2 macrophage polarization is a crucial contributor to the persistent progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose biocompatible ionized air (BIA) on macrophage polarization and its subsequent chondroprotective effects, thereby validating the potential of BIA in slowing the progression of OA. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BIA modulates the polarization of M1 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype via the ROS-mediated STAT6 pathway.

The Impact of Laser Irradiation on Thin ZrN Films Deposited by Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering.

Transition metal nitrides have extensive applications, including magnetic storage devices, hardware resistance coatings, and low-temperature fuel cells. This study investigated the structural, electrical, and mechanical properties of thin zirconium nitride (ZrN) films by examining the effects of laser irradiation times. Thin ZrN films were deposited on glass substrates using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering and irradiated with a diode laser for 6 and 10 min.

Super Tough Multifunctional MXene/PAA-CS Double Network Hydrogels with High Mechanical Sensing Properties and Excellent EMI Shielding Performance.

Hydrogels present significant potential in flexible materials designed for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, attributed to their soft, stretchable mechanical properties and water-rich porous structures. Unfortunately, EMI shielding hydrogels commonly suffer from low mechanical properties, deficient fracture energy, and low strength, which limit the serviceability of these materials in complex mechanical environments. In this study, the double network strategy is successfully utilized along with the Hofmeister effect to create MXene/PAA (polyacrylic acid)-CS (chitosan) hydrogels and further strengthen and toughen the gel with (NH)SO solution.

Study of medical radioisotope production of Ac-225 by proton accelerator.

Ac radionuclides have shown great potential for use as radiopharmaceuticals in cancer therapy by conjugation them with carrier molecules due to their strong cytotoxicity, suitable half-life, and ability to be used as Bi generators. The production of Ac via bombardment of Th targets with accelerated protons is currently the most widely used method in the world. In order to better quantify the achievable yields and radiopurity, this production process is simulated in this study.

Optical Acidity and Basicity Diagnostics of Molten Salt for the Evaluations of Salt Properties and Local Structure.

Analogous to the aqueous solution where the pH of the solvent affects its multiple behaviors, the optical acidity and basicity of molten salts also greatly influence their thermophysical and thermochemical properties. In the study, we develop ion probes to quantitatively determine the acidity-basicity scale of molten NaCl-AlCl ( = 1.5-2.

Recent advances and design strategies for organic afterglow agents to enhance autofluorescence-free imaging performance.

Long-lasting afterglow luminescence imaging that detects photons slowly being released from chemical defects has emerged, eliminating the need for real-time photoexcitation and enabling autofluorescence-free imaging with high signal-to-background ratios (SBRs). Organic afterglow nano-systems are notable for their tunability and design versatility. However, challenges such as unsatisfactory afterglow intensity, short emission wavelengths, limited activatable strategies, and shallow tissue penetration depth hinder their widespread biomedical applications and clinical translation.

PEGylated Nanoliposomal Doxorubicin Conjugated with Specific TREM2 Peptides for Glioma-Targeting Therapy.

PEGylated liposomes can deliver anti-cancer drugs to brain tumors, and achieve enhanced permeability and retention effects. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an excellent biomarker for precise therapy of glioma. The present study is aimed at designing PEGylated nanoliposomal doxorubicin (PLD) conjugated with peptides targeting TREM2 for glioma-targeting therapy.

LED illumination-assisted Activation of Peroxydisulfate by Heterogeneous CuS under Alkaline Condition for Efficient Organic Pollutants Removal.

The copper-based materials were considered as promising catalysts for the activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS), but the study on the CuS-activated PDS under LED illumination and alkaline condition was little reported. In this work, CuS, a simple and readily available heterogeneous catalyst, was employed to enhance the activation of PDS under alkaline condition through LED illumination. The results indicated that under LED illumination, the degradation rate of tetracycline (TC) during the first 15 min was 3.

Feasibility of reconstructingpatient 3D dose distributions from 2D EPID image data using convolutional neural networks.

. The primary purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) based algorithm that uses two-dimensional (2D) electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images and CT images as input to reconstruct 3D dose distributions inside the patient..

Polymeric nanoparticles in radiopharmaceutical delivery strategies.

The potential applications of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) in the biomedical field have been the subject of extensive research. Radiopharmaceuticals that combine radionuclides and drugs using polymer nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers can be externally labelled, internally labelled or interfacially labelled with radionuclides at different sites. Consequently, they can be employed as delivery agents for a range of diseases.