Self-Management assistance for recommended treatment (SMART) IBD app randomized control trial in adolescents with IBD: Design and methodology.

Aims: Adherence to medical regimens, including medications and appointments, is a significant concern for adolescent populations that warrants behavioral interventions. Negative health behaviors during adolescence can persist into adulthood and lead to long-term negative health outcomes. Due to the limited availability and resources for behavioral self-management intervention, many youth do not receive evidence-based behavioral care and continue to struggle with managing their illness.

Effectiveness of cholangioscopy guided biopsy versus ERCP guided brushings in diagnosing malignant biliary strictures.

Background: Evaluation of lesions of the biliary tract are essential to diagnose given the dismal outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma. Historically, these diagnoses were made using brush biopsies obtained under Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). To increase the accuracy of biliary biopsies, SpyGlassTM Discover cholangioscopy guided biopsy has been developed, providing greater tissue yield and direct visualization of the biliary epithelium.

Factors Influencing Patient Enrollment in a Community-based Physical Activity Program After Healthcare Provider Referral: A Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction And Objectives: Structured physical activity (PA) programs help to prevent and manage chronic diseases, yet systematic approaches to identify and enroll patients in these programs are lacking. Exercise is Medicine Greenville (EIMG) is a novel clinic-to-community model that identifies patients with chronic diseases in primary care settings and connects them to a structured, evidence-informed, community-based PA program. This study assessed influences on PA program enrollment using a mixed methods design.

I-RANT: Training session on a novel, scripted, bystander microaggression intervention tool for medical students.

Background: Microaggressions, subtle and often unintentional acts of hostility, have been recognized as a significant issue in healthcare, adversely affecting learners' emotional and physical well-being. Current strategies for addressing microaggressions are broad frameworks without empirical substantiation that leave learners without a clear direction for intervention. This study introduces a novel scripted, succinct, bystander intervention tool to combat microaggressions.

Preparing a dialysis patient.

Preparing a dialysis patient for access placement is a process that should ideally begin well before the need for access use. Unfortunately, this is often not the case and patients are often seen well after dialysis has been initiated with a catheter. The process should include a detail-oriented history and a thorough vascular oriented physical examination.

A novel load-sensing sliding hip screw to aid in the assessment of intertrochanteric fracture healing.

Bone healing after sliding hip screw internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures is difficult to monitor with radiography. In this study, we describe and evaluate a device to non-invasively determine the loading on the screw implant as a possible qualitative indicator of bone healing. A novel load-sensing sliding hip screw (LS-SHS) was fabricated containing a radio-dense tungsten indicator rod that moves and can be measured within the screw cannulation when the screw bends under load via plain radiography.

Grey matter volume differences across Parkinson's disease motor subtypes in the supplementary motor cortex.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide due to loss of dopaminergic neurons projecting from the basal ganglia (BG). It is associated with various motor symptoms that are grouped into subtypes, each with different clinical presentations and disease progressions. Neuroimaging biomarkers focusing on regions a part of motor circuits projecting from the BG can distinguish and improve overall subtyping.

Amlodipine versus Nifedipine ER for the Management of Postpartum Hypertension: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postpartum hypertension is an increasingly prevalent problem and optimizing its treatment is imperative in reducing maternal morbidity and improving long-term health outcomes. Despite this, data on treatment of postpartum hypertension is limited. While most available studies focus on labetalol and nifedipine ER, these medications are not frequently used for hypertension treatment in the non-obstetric setting.

Developing a pharmacy residency research program educational series: A review of the literature and considerations for implementation.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

A Rare Case of Granular Cell Tumor of the Anus.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon soft tissue neoplasms derived from Schwann cells that can arise from various regions of the body. The majority originate from the head and neck. They are rarely encountered in the gastrointestinal tract and even more rarely in the anorectal region.

Time Isn't your FoCUS, do cardiac POCUS!

Background: Physicians often cite time as a limitation to performing a focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) exam. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the amount of time to complete a quality FoCUS exam. Secondary outcomes evaluated time differences between different training levels.

In-Hospital Outcomes Associated With Initial Fibrinolysis Versus Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among Patients Residing in Rural Areas Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Fibrinolysis is more commonly used to manage ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in rural versus urban areas. However, little is known about the outcomes associated with this treatment strategy in rural individuals. We sought to compare in-hospital outcomes associated with the use of fibrinolysis versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients residing in rural areas presenting with STEMI.

Sex and Gender Health Education Tenets: An Essential Paradigm for Inclusivity in Dentistry.

Sex and gender are essential components of person-centered care. This article presents and discusses four important tenets regarding sex and gender health that should be incorporated into dental education and oral health care to foster inclusivity and improve care for all patients, including a sex and gender-diverse patient population.

Significant Within-Individual Variability in VCTE Liver Stiffness Measurements at Two Intercostal Spaces in Subjects with MASLD: Implications for Evaluating Improvement in Liver Fibrosis After Weight-Loss or Liver-Directed Therapy.

Introduction: Studies have compared the group-averages of liver stiffness measures (LSMs) from multiple rib spaces by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) to stage liver fibrosis. No previous study has assessed within-individual liver stiffness variation from two rib spaces in individuals with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: We evaluated within-individual LSM variation according to body weight classification and its clinical implication.

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Review Article.

There are many sources of noise production in the operating room, including conversations among the surgical team, background music, electric monitors and alarms, surgical power tools, surgical instrument clattering and hammering, and suction devices. These sources introduce occupational hazards by producing damaging noise levels that exceed noise exposure level guidelines set by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and the Health and Safety Executive. Noise-induced hearing loss affects up to 50% of orthopaedic staff, but few preventative measures are regularly followed in the orthopaedic setting.

Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment and Reconstruction Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) women experience significant disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes, including lower rates of postmastectomy reconstruction, higher refusal rates of radiation therapy, and delays in surgical care. These disparities contribute to poorer survival and increased complications compared to other racial/ethnic groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify these disparities and assess their impact on breast cancer outcomes in NHPI women.

Principles and Practice of Internal Medicine Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use is expanding within Internal Medicine, basic yet important practices and key infrastructure are frequently underutilized. This is appropriately raising concerns that patients may be unintentionally harmed by POCUS. To mitigate this risk, this article advocates for ensuring POCUS users have adequate training to include understanding limitations and pitfalls arising from acquisition, interpretation, and clinical integration.

Zebrafish use conserved CLR and TLR signaling pathways to respond to fungal PAMPs in zymosan.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are used by hosts to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microorganisms and to initiate innate immune responses. While PRRs exist across invertebrate and vertebrate species, the functional homology of many of these receptors is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the innate immune response of zebrafish larvae to zymosan, a β-glucan-containing particle derived from fungal cell walls.

Through Their Eyes: Using Photovoice to Capture the Capacity-Building Journey of Long Covid Patient Experts.

Background: Long Covid, characterised by persistent symptoms following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, significantly impacts the quality of life. Engaging patients in research and care through participatory methods can enhance a shared understanding of illness and improve the relevance of research.

Objective: We define Patient Experts (PEs) as persons (including patients, caregivers and providers) who have completed a series of training sessions on team building, research methods and communication at the Patient Engagement Studio, University of South Carolina (PES USC).

A Proposed Patient Selection Algorithm for Total Joint Arthroplasty Same-Day Discharge From an Ambulatory Surgery Center.

Background: Identifying appropriate patients for same-day discharge (SDD) total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is critical for maintaining optimal patient safety and outcomes. This study investigated patient outcomes after SDD TJA at a single ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and proposes a TJA patient-selection algorithm based on findings and existing literature.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 660 patients was performed between July 2019 and October 2021 for all patients who underwent primary TJA in a single ASC.