Inflammatory responses to ischemia and reperfusion in skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion is now recognized as one form of acute inflammation in which activated leukocytes play a key role. Although restoration of flow is essential in alleviating ischemic injury, reperfusion initiates a complex series of reactions which lead to neutrophil accumulation, microvascular barrier disruption, and edema formation. A large body of evidence exists which suggests that leukocyte adhesion to and emigration across postcapillary venules plays a crucial role in the genesis of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.

Melanoma cell adhesion to injured arterioles: mechanisms of stabilized tethering.

An isolated perfused vessel model was used to examine the mechanisms underlying the adhesive interactions between circulating tumor cells and subendothelial matrix in denuded arterioles. Arterioles ranging from 70 to 100 microm in diameter were isolated from rat mesentery, transferred to an isolated vessel chamber, cannulated on both ends with glass micropipettes, and perfused with media containing 10(6) hamster melanoma (RPMI 1856) cells/ml. In a second group of arterioles, the endothelium was denuded by running 2 ml of air through the vessel lumen.

Unreliability of current screening tests for syphilis in chronic psychiatric patients.

Objective: This study examined whether psychiatrists perform adequate diagnostic screening for syphilis in patients with chronic mental illness.

Method: Two hundred patients with chronic mental illness underwent testing for syphilis with the commonly used RPR test and the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP). Sensitivities of the two tests were compared.

Analysis by flow cytometry of surface-exposed epitopes of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Antisera were produced in mice immunized with 18 synthetic peptide conjugates representing various regions throughout the length of the outer membrane protein F molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analysed by flow cytometry to identify those antisera capable of binding to the surface of whole cells of P. aeruginosa. Antibodies to peptides 9, 18, 10, and 4 were significantly cell-surface reactive.

Ability of synthetic peptides representing epitopes of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to afford protection against P. aeruginosa infection in a murine acute pneumonia model.

Three synthetic peptides (Nos 9, 10 and 18) representing surface-exposed, linear B-cell epitopes of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were each conjugated to the carriers keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), with the conjugates being used to immunize mice intranasally. Mice were also immunized intranasally with a KLH/BSA carrier control or with a peptide No. 8 conjugate as a negative control.

Synthetic peptides representing two protective, linear B-cell epitopes of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elicit whole-cell-reactive antibodies that are functionally pseudomonad specific.

Peptide 9 (TDAYNQKLSERRAN) and peptide 10 (NATAEGRAINRRVE) represent surface-exposed epitopes of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rats immunized with four intramuscular inoculations on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 with either peptide 9 or peptide 10 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were afforded protection against pulmonary lesions when examined 7 days subsequent to challenge (day 56) via intratracheal inoculation of P. aeruginosa-containing agar beads.

Leukocyte adhesion, edema, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the formation of edema that occurs secondary to the neutrophil-dependent increase in microvascular permeability contributes to the genesis of no-reflow in postischemic skeletal muscle. To address this issue, four experimental approaches were used. In the first group, capillary perfusion was assessed in nonischemic canine gracilis muscles in which interstitial fluid volume was increased to a level similar to that in postischemic muscle.

Control of acute cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection: T cell-mediated viral clearance is dependent upon interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

It is well established that T lymphocytes play a critical role in the control and clearance of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. However, the role of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in the recovery process has not been clearly elucidated. Cutaneous HSV infection of the footpad tissue of C57BL/6 (B6) mice provides a model to determine the relative contribution of each T cell subset during the important early phase of the response to infection.

P-selectin and ICAM-1-dependent adherence reactions: role in the genesis of postischemic no-reflow.

The aim of this study was to determine whether immunoneutralization of P-selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (endothelial cell adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion, respectively) would attenuate the development of postischemic capillary no-reflow. Microvascular patency was assessed in vascularly isolated canine gracilis muscles by perfusion with contrast media (India ink) at the end of the experimental protocol. Computerized video imaging was used to quantitate the number of ink-containing microvessels (< 10 microns diam) per muscle fiber in histological samples obtained from isolated canine gracilis muscles subjected to 4.

Automated computation of relative flow resistance using a pulsed Doppler flowmeter.

Use of a pulsed Doppler flowmeter to assess changes in blood flow resistance often requires a laborious series of calculations, and full characterization of resistance changes frequently necessitates replotting of calculated data. To facilitate the interpretation of pulsed Doppler flowmetry data, a simple, inexpensive device was constructed that computes the signal ratio of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to directional pulsed Doppler outputs. With this device, relative flow resistance can be recorded and quantitatively assessed at a glance in three vascular beds in real time.