A primer: peer review process for .

The dissemination of discipline-focused educational scholarship advances theory and stimulates pedagogical application. The aim of is to publish manuscripts that advance knowledge and inform educators in the field. This primer is tailored for individuals new to manuscript reviewing, early in their careers, or experienced in reviewing research but not educational manuscripts.

Post-traumatic temporal bone pneumatocele presenting after aggressive Valsalva.

We report a case of a temporal bone pneumatocele with full-thickness erosion of the cranium associated with aggressive nose blowing. This condition presented 9 years after traumatic fracture of the temporal bone. There are 17 reported cases of mastoid sinus hyperpneumatisation in the literature.

A Series of Tattoo-associated Infections.

is a rapidly growing mycobacterium known to spread through many sources, including tap water. This organism can have variable presentation between patients which can lead to a delay in diagnosis. Here, we report a series of eight cases of tattoo-associated infections that presented between December 2010 and January 2011, which were later linked to a single tattoo provider using gray tattoo ink made by diluting black ink with nonsterile tap water.

Technique for inguino-femoral lymph node dissection in vulvar cancer: an international survey.

Background: Vulvar cancer is a rare disease and despite broad adoption of sentinel lymph node mapping to assess groin metastases, inguino-femoral lymph node dissection still plays a role in the management of this disease. Inguino-femoral lymph node dissection is associated with high morbidity, and limited research exists to guide the best surgical approach.

Objective: To determine international practice patterns in key aspects of the inguino-femoral lymph node dissection technique and provide data to guide future research.

Consequences to patients, clinicians, and manufacturers when very serious adverse drug reactions are identified (1997-2019): A qualitative analysis from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR).

Background: Adverse drug/device reactions (ADRs) can result in severe patient harm. We define very serious ADRs as being associated with severe toxicity, as measured on the Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE)) scale, following use of drugs or devices with large sales, large financial settlements, and large numbers of injured persons. We report on impacts on patients, clinicians, and manufacturers following very serious ADR reporting.

Altruism Discussions in the Time of Pandemic: May We Ask, May They Tell?

Pandemic can prompt a variety of human motives, ranging from a desire for security to altruism. In our current perilous times, some patients have voiced a desire to help others. Such action can result in self-peril, and, as a result, their motives may be questioned.

Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the PREventing cardiovascular collaPse with Administration of fluid REsuscitation during Induction and Intubation (PREPARE II) randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: Cardiovascular collapse is a common complication during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. Whether administration of an intravenous fluid bolus prevents cardiovascular collapse during tracheal intubation remains uncertain. A prior randomised trial found fluid bolus administration to be ineffective overall but suggested potential benefit for patients receiving positive pressure ventilation during tracheal intubation.

Is Ciprofloxacin in Combination With Beta-lactam Antibiotics a Recipe for Thrombocytosis?: A Case Report of Thrombocytosis in a Patient Receiving Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone.

Thrombocytosis is defined as a platelet count greater than 400,000/mcL. We report the case of a patient who developed thrombocytosis after receiving ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone therapy. A 73-year-old African-American female presented to the hospital with altered mental status attributed to sepsis and urinary tract infection.

A Systematic Review of Fitness Apps and Their Potential Clinical and Sports Utility for Objective and Remote Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessment provides key information regarding general health status that has high clinical utility. In addition, in the sports setting, CRF testing is needed to establish a baseline level, prescribe an individualized training program and monitor improvement in athletic performance. As such, the assessment of CRF has both clinical and sports utility.

Predicting American Board of Emergency Medicine Qualifying Examination Passage Using United States Medical Licensing Examination Step Scores.

Background: The objective of the current study was to determine whether emergency medicine residents' United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores are significantly associated with first-attempt passage of the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) qualifying (written) examination. We hypothesized that USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores would be useful in predicting students who passed the ABEM qualifying examination on their first attempt.

Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, we examined the data of residents who successfully completed training at two emergency medicine residency programs between the years 2002-2013.

Derivation and validation of a two-biomarker panel for diagnosis of ARDS in patients with severe traumatic injuries.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is common after severe traumatic injuries but is underdiagnosed and undertreated. We hypothesized that a panel of plasma biomarkers could be used to diagnose ARDS in severe trauma. To test this hypothesis, we derived and validated a biomarker panel in three independent cohorts and compared the diagnostic performance to clinician recognition of ARDS.

Simulation-Based Education Enhances Patient Safety Behaviors During Central Venous Catheter Placement.

Objective: We describe the effect of simulation-based education on residents' adherence to protocols for and performance of central venous access.

Methods: Internal medicine and emergency medicine residents underwent a central venous access course that included a lecture, video presentation, readings, and simulation demonstrations presented by faculty. Baseline data were collected before the course was initiated.

Translational Research in the Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis.

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis predominantly establishes subclinical latent infection over the lifetime of an individual, with a fraction of infected individuals rapidly progressing to active disease. The immune control in latent infection can be perturbed by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and coinfection with helminthes or HIV. Modeling the varying aspects of natural infection remains incomplete when using zebrafish and mice.

Clinical and financial implications of emergency department visits for synthetic marijuana.

Background: Many users believe that synthetic cannabinoids offer a safe and legal means of getting high. However, spikes in emergency department visits have been associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids. The purpose of the current study was to document emergency department visits from three large hospitals in one metropolitan area over a two month period.

Radiology Case of the Month: Persistent Lateral Foot Pain.

A 33-year-old female presents with persistent lateral foot pain. Patient does not recall prior trauma that may have led to injury. Symptoms are significantly improved with rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

Radiology Of The Month: Spontaneous Bilateral Pneumothoraces in an HIV-Infected Patient.

A 36-year-old woman with past medical history of HIV/AIDS not on HAART therapy (CD4 count of 34) and recurrent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia presented to the emergency room for cough, chest pain, and worsening shortness of breath over the past 72 hours.