Multisectoral interventions and health system performance: a systematic review.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the effects of multisectoral interventions for health on health system performance.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols. We searched for peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 31 August 2023 (updating on 28 February 2024).

UCP2, a Member of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: An Overview from Physiological to Pathological Roles.

UCP2 is an uncoupling protein homolog to UCP1. Unlike UCP1, which participates in non-shivering thermogenesis by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), UCP2 does not perform a canonical H leak, consuming the protonmotive force (Δ) through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The UCP2 biological role is elusive.

Different deployments of attentional breadth selectively predict UFOV task performance in older adults.

The Useful Field of View task (UFOV) is a strong and reliable predictor of crash risk in older drivers. However, while the functional domain of attention is clearly implicated in UFOV performance, the potential role of one specific attentional process remains unclear: attentional breadth (the spatial extent of the attended region around the point of visual fixation). The goal of the present study was to systematically test the role of two distinct aspects of attentional breadth, maintaining a specific breadth of attention and resizing the attended region, in UFOV performance.

Pathophysiology from preconception, during pregnancy, and beyond.

Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. Historically, gestational diabetes was considered a pregnancy complication involving treatment of rising glycaemia late in the second trimester. However, recent evidence challenges this view.

Pathological and clinical outcomes following neoadjuvant dual HER2 therapy for early-stage breast cancer: An Australian institutional real-world experience.

Aim: There has been significant progress made in developing novel targeted therapies in the neoadjuvant setting for non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, which may be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimise pathological responses at surgery. However, these therapies, particularly the chemotherapeutic components, may portend significant and long-lasting toxicity. Hence, de-escalation of treatment intensity has been an area of interest and was evaluated in the phase II NeoSphere study.

Association between rural exposure/experience and practice location 10 years postgraduation, stratified by specialty: evidence from a cohort study of graduates from nine Australian universities.

Objective: This study aims to determine the associations between specialty type and practice location at postgraduate year 10 (PGY10), matched with PGY5 and PGY8 work locations, and earlier rural exposure/experience.

Design And Setting: A cohort study of medicine graduates from nine Australian universities.

Participants: 1220 domestic medicine graduates from the class of 2011.

Microglial activation induces nitric oxide signalling and alters protein S-nitrosylation patterns in extracellular vesicles.

Neuroinflammation is an underlying feature of neurodegenerative conditions, often appearing early in the aetiology of a disease. Microglial activation, a prominent initiator of neuroinflammation, can be induced through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment resulting in expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO). NO post-translationally modifies cysteine thiols through S-nitrosylation, which can alter function of the target protein.

Healthcare provider data breaches - framework for crisis communication and support of patients and healthcare workers in mental healthcare.

Increasing numbers of healthcare data breaches highlight the need for structured organisational responses to protect patients, trainees and psychiatrists against identity theft and blackmail. Evidence-based guidance that is informed by the COVID-19 pandemic response includes: timely and reliable information tailored to users' safety, encouragement to take protective action, and access to practical and psychological support. For healthcare organisations which have suffered a data breach, insurance essentially improves access to funded cyber security responses, risk communication and public relations.

A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of Intensive Glucose Control in Critically Ill Adults.

Background: Whether intensive glucose control reduces mortality in critically ill patients remains uncertain. Patient-level meta-analyses can provide more precise estimates of treatment effects than are currently available.

Methods: We pooled individual patient data from randomized trials investigating intensive glucose control in critically ill adults.

Nerve fibre organisation in the human optic nerve and chiasm: what do we really know?

A recent anatomical study of the human optic chiasm cast doubt on the widespread assumption that nerve fibres travelling in the human optic nerve and chiasm are arranged retinotopically. Accordingly, a scoping literature review was performed to determine what is known about the nerve fibre arrangement in these structures. Meta-analysis suggested that the average number of fibres in each optic nerve was 1.

Do the teaching, practice and assessment of clinical communication skills align?

Background: Evidence indicates that communication skills teaching learnt in the classroom are not often readily transferable to the assessment methods that are applied nor to the clinical environment. An observational study was conducted to objectively evaluate students' communication skills in different learning environments. The study sought to investigate the extent to which the communication skills demonstrated by students in classroom, clinical, and assessment settings align.

Between the lines: A mixed-methods study on the impacts of parental deportation on the health and well-being of U.S. citizen children.

Objective: To explore the impacts of parental deportation on the health and well-being of U.S. citizen children of Mexican immigrants.

The distinct affect regulation functions of body image flexibility and inflexibility: A prospective study in adolescents and emerging adults.

Body image flexibility and inflexibility are alternative ways of responding to body image threats. Affect regulation offers a framework for understanding how these responses impact health outcomes; however, research in young people is limited. This prospective study tested two potential affect regulation functions in adolescents and emerging adults (N = 351, 66.

subcapsular splenic abscess and associated empyema in the setting of tocilizumab therapy: A case report.

We report a case of subcapsular splenic abscess and associated empyema after recent commencement of tocilizumab, masquerading as musculoskeletal pain. This highlights the importance of considering unusual underlying infections in patients on tocilizumab.

No Consistent Antidepressant Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis.

Background: Applying deep brain stimulation (DBS) to several brain regions has been investigated in attempts to treat highly treatment-resistant depression, with variable results. Our initial pilot data suggested that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) could be a promising therapeutic target.

Objective: The aim of this study was to gather blinded data exploring the efficacy of applying DBS to the BNST in patients with highly refractory depression.

Endovascular treatments of acute pulmonary embolism in the post-fibrinolytic era: an up-to-date review.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant contributor to global cardiovascular-related mortality that mainly depends on the severity of the event. The treatment approach for intermediate and high-risk PE remains a topic of debate due to the fine balance between hemodynamic deterioration and bleeding risk. The initial treatment choice for intermediate-risk PE with hemodynamic deterioration and high-risk PE is historically systemic thrombolysis, but this approach is not always effective and carries a notable risk of severe bleeding.

Individual differences in emotion-induced blindness: Are they reliable and what do they measure?

The emotion-induced-blindness (EIB) paradigm has been extensively used to investigate attentional biases to emotionally salient stimuli. However, the low reliability of EIB scores (the difference in performance between the neutral and emotionally salient condition) limits the effectiveness of the paradigm for investigating individual differences. Here, across two studies, we investigated whether we could improve the reliability of EIB scores.