Evaluating large language models for criterion-based grading from agreement to consistency.

This study evaluates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to deliver criterion-based grading and examines the impact of prompt engineering with detailed criteria on grading. Using well-established human benchmarks and quantitative analyses, we found that even free LLMs achieve criterion-based grading with a detailed understanding of the criteria, underscoring the importance of domain-specific understanding over model complexity. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs to deliver scalable educational feedback.

Longitudinal network changes and phenoconversion risk in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.

Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is a prodrome of α-synucleinopathies. Using positron emission tomography, we assessed changes in Parkinson's disease-related motor and cognitive metabolic networks and caudate/putamen dopaminergic input in a 4-year longitudinal imaging study of 13 male subjects with this disorder. We also correlated times to phenoconversion with baseline network expression in an independent validation sample.

Do Factors Influencing Acceptance of Kidney Stone Formers as Donors Predict Subsequent Stone Events?

Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether kidney stone burden and risk factors at the time of kidney donor evaluation were associated with a symptomatic stone event post-donor evaluation.

Methods: We identified adults evaluated at Mayo Clinic (two sites) (2000-2011) for living kidney donation and had either a personal history or radiological evidence of kidney stone disease. We analyzed demographics, stone risk factors, stone number/size, and the committee's donation decision and reasons.

Youth With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Have More Sleep Disturbances. A School-Based Study.

Background: There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain disturbances. Sleep disturbances increase the risk for chronic pain, while chronic pain can interfere with sleep. Hence, we assessed the subjective sleep characteristics of youth with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) compared to healthy youth and examined associations with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Application of the transgender male voice questionnaire in a Brazilian population sample.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to adapt and apply the Portuguese version of the Transgender Man Voice Questionnaire in a sample of Brazilian transgender men and to investigate the relationship between voice satisfaction and hormone therapy duration. In addition, we suggest reducing and reformulating the questionnaire for screening.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 31 transgender men aged 18-50 years undergoing hormone therapy who answered a questionnaire adapted from the Transgender Woman Voice Questionnaire, validated in Portuguese.

Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions.

Teaching Preclinical Medical Students Lifestyle Counseling Skills for Patients' Health Behavior Change.

Introduction: Physicians face barriers to counseling patients regarding lifestyle, specifically, low perceived importance of and confidence in counseling, leading to underuse. There is a dearth in the literature evaluating educational interventions for counseling skills among preclinical medical students. Closing this gap is crucial to taking advantage of critical opportunities early in training.

The role of paternal support in breastfeeding outcomes: a meta-analytic review.

Background: The advantages of breastfeeding for maternal and child health have been widely acknowledged on an international scale. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the effectiveness of paternal support in breastfeeding. This study aimed to systematically review the impact of paternal support interventions on breastfeeding and to contribute additional evidence to inform current breastfeeding practices.

Food for thought: a qualitative assessment of medical trainee and faculty perceptions of nutrition education.

Background: The American Society of Clinical Nutrition recommends 37 to 44 h of undergraduate medical nutrition education. The Total Health Curriculum at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine (GCSOM) contains 14 h of objective-based nutritional instruction. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding the role of nutrition in medicine and to identify barriers, opportunities for improvement, and roles/responsibilities for innovative implementation of nutrition education.

Sex differences in the relationships between 24-h rest-activity patterns and plasma markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Background: Although separate lines of research indicated a moderating role of sex in both sleep-wake disruption and in the interindividual vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related processes, the quantification of sex differences in the interplay between sleep-wake dysregulation and AD pathology remains critically overlooked. Here, we examined sex-specific associations between circadian rest-activity patterns and AD-related pathophysiological processes across the adult lifespan.

Methods: Ninety-two cognitively unimpaired adults (mean age = 59.

Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards soil-transmitted helminthiases among teachers in schools implementing the home-grown school feeding program in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, impacting school-aged children significantly. Teachers, integral to STH control through the Home-Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP), need adequate knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices (KAP) for successful STH prevention. However, there is limited research on teacher KAP regarding STH in Enugu State, particularly concerning its endemic nature.

Effect of postpartum clinical guideline on maternal outcomes in iranian women: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The postpartum period is a vital time for women, infants, spouses, parents, caregivers and families. Considering the importance of postpartum care and the necessity of using comprehensive and up-to-date clinical guidelines in Iran, this study was designed to implement a indigenized clinical guideline in Iran on maternal outcomes, including maternal functioning, postpartum depression and postpartum specific anxiety (primary outcomes) as well as infant care, maternal health problems, experiencing violence, feeding method and contraception use (secondary outcomes).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 272 postpartum women in Taleghani and Alzahra hospitals in Tabriz in 2023.

A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS).

Purpose: The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) is a self-report tool for assessing cognitive and somatic arousal before sleep. While the English version is well-validated, research on translations is limited. This meta-analysis examines PSAS translations' internal consistency and reliability.

Challenges to Students' Learning and Wellbeing During Placement Abroad: A Qualitative Study Using Rich Pictures.

Introduction: Undergraduate healthcare students on placement abroad can experience challenges that affect their wellbeing, personal and professional development. These challenges may result in students taking a more peripheral role in workplace activities, which negatively impacts learning. We studied .

Diversity-Related, Student-Led National Medical Organizations: Leadership Opportunities for Learners.

Introduction: In light of the lack of diversity in academic medicine leadership, diversity-related, student-led national medical organizations (NMOs) provide a space for solace and reprieve among common peers while providing an opportunity to develop leadership competencies in a supportive environment. Despite the impact NMOs have had on cultivating generations of leaders in medicine, trainees may not identify opportunities for leadership development that are transferable to future careers in academic medicine.

Methods: We designed and implemented a dynamic 60-minute workshop with an interactive PowerPoint presentation, author-owned video testimonials (from past student leaders of NMOs), two case presentations, and reflection exercises.

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation effect in the redundant and synergistic networks consistent across macaques.

Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive technique that safely alters neural activity, reaching deep brain areas with good spatial accuracy. We investigated the effects of TUS in macaques using a recent metric, the synergy minus redundancy rank gradient, which quantifies different kinds of neural information processing. We analyzed this high-order quantity on the fMRI data after TUS in two targets: the supplementary motor area (SMA-TUS) and the frontal polar cortex (FPC-TUS).

Functional resilience of the neural visual recognition system post-pediatric occipitotemporal resection.

Neural representations for visual stimuli typically emerge with a bilateral distribution across occipitotemporal cortex (OTC)? Pediatric patients undergoing unilateral OTC resection offer an opportunity to evaluate whether representations for visual stimulus individuation can sufficiently develop in a single OTC. Here, we assessed the non-resected hemisphere of patients with pediatric resection within ( = 9) and outside ( = 12) OTC, as well as healthy controls' two hemispheres ( = 21). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we mapped category selectivity (CS), and representations for visual stimulus individuation (for faces, objects, and words) with repetition suppression (RS).

Study protocol: A national cross-sectional study on psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents in 2023.

Introduction: This study protocol specifies the primary research line and theoretical framework of the 2023 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents' psychological and behavioral surveys through multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional surveys to provide robust data support for developing research in related fields. It will track the public's physical and psychological health more comprehensively and systematically.

HIV Disclosure and Low HIV Stigma in a Gay Serodiscordant Couple: An Interpretative Phenomenological Case Study of the Discloser-Confidant Dynamics.

Introduction HIV stigma levels are high in Greece. HIV stigma hinders testing, healthcare access, and treatment adherence, often leading to non-disclosure. The discloser navigates challenges by balancing the confidant's potential reactions, ranging from rejection and discrimination to the benefits of increased intimacy and liking.

Exploring Public Interest in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Treatment Measures in the United States: A Google Trends Analysis.

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts over 2.8 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of neurological impairment in young adults. This study investigates the public interest in MS and its treatment options in the United States over the past decade, utilizing Google Trends data.

The psychometric properties of the EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S in patients with breast cancer: a comparative analysis with EQ-5D-5L, FACT-8D and SWEMWBS.

Objectives: The EQ Health and Well Being is a new generic measure that captures constructs beyond health-related quality of life, with a 25-item long form (EQ-HWB) and a shorter 9-item version (EQ-HWB-S). This study aims to assess the psychometric performance of both versions in breast cancer, which is the most prevalent cancer globally, and compare them to other instruments.

Methods: A longitudinal survey in Indonesia (2023-24) with 300 female patients used the EQ-HWB, EQ-5D-5L, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G, from which FACT-8D was derived), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS, from which SWEMWBS was derived).

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Rare Disease: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. Personalized endpoints such as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) allow the assessment of treatment response across variable baseline states and disease manifestations and thus provide a highly sensitive measure of efficacy. The current study tested the feasibility of using GAS in rare SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SCN2A-DEE).