Availability of Lactation Policies and Facilities for ACGME-Accredited Surgical Residency Training Programs.

Objective: We aimed to investigate availability of lactation policy and facility information among surgical residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).

Design: Between March 1, 2023 and October 31, 2023, websites of surgical residency training programs on the ACGME Accreditation System List of Programs by Specialty were reviewed for department lactation policies, links to institutional graduate medical education (GME) websites with lactation policies, lists of lactation facilities, and links to institutional GME websites listing lactation facilities. Scatter plots were generated and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships of the percentages of female residents, fellows, and faculty in each surgical specialty with the percentage of residency program websites with available lactation information.

The Puck Stops Here: Head and Neck Ice Hockey Lacerations in Adults.

Objective: The goal of this study was to describe lacerations of the head and neck sustained among ice hockey players in the US.

Methods: Data on adult (20-65 years) ice hockey injuries were collected from the 2003-2022 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database. Injuries of the head, neck, face, mouth, and ears were included, while those sustained as a spectator, coach, or on a non-ice surface were excluded.

Gun Violence in the COVID-19 Era: Using Multiple Databases to Describe the Experience in Buffalo, NY.

Objectives: In 2020, the public health crises of gun violence and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) collided and interventions to decrease COVID-19 transmission displaced millions of Americans from normal activity. We analyzed the effects of COVID-19 and its resultant shutdowns on gun violence in Buffalo, NY.

Methods: We queried the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) and the hospital databases from the 2 level 1 trauma centers which serve Buffalo firearm victims between March 15th and June 24th, 2020 ("COVID") and the same time period for years 2013 (hospital data)/2014 (GVA data) through 2019 ("pre-COVID") and 2021 through 2022 ("post-COVID").

Epidemiological Patterns, Treatment Response, and Metabolic Correlations of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A US-Based Study From 1990 to 2024.

Introduction: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) presents an increasing health burden with changing demographic patterns. We studied nationwide trends in IIH epidemiology, treatment patterns, and associated outcomes using a large-scale database analysis within the United States (US).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database (1990-2024).

Differential expression of metabolic enzymes in testicular germ cell tumors: The impact of glycolytic metabolism in embryonal carcinoma histotype.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common solid malignancies in young men, with increasing incidence worldwide. Broadly classified into seminomas and non-seminomas, they exhibit distinct biological behaviors and responses to treatment. Although metabolic reprogramming is an acknowledged cancer hallmark, metabolic pathways in testicular germ cell tumors remain poorly understood.

Female Representation in Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency: Trends, Underrepresentation, and Modest Growth Over Five Years.

Objective: Women remain a minority of trainees in interventional radiology (IR) since the residency's inception in 2014. Similar phenomena have been observed in other surgical specialties. Our study aims to quantify changes in female trainee representation in integrated IR over a five-year period from the 2018-19 to 2022-23 academic years and to compare with trends in other specialties.

De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.

The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highly successful in recent decades. It is now widely accepted that early initiation of DMTs after disease onset is associated with a better long-term prognosis. However, the question of when and how to de-escalate or discontinue DMTs remains open and critical.

Clinical utility of receptor status prediction in breast cancer and misdiagnosis identification using deep learning on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.

Background: Molecular profiling of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and ERBB2 (also known as Her2) is essential for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Nevertheless, current methods rely on the qualitative interpretation of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which can be costly, time-consuming, and inconsistent. Here we explore the clinical utility of predicting receptor status from digitized hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) slides using machine learning trained and evaluated on a multi-institutional dataset.

Pediatric neck injuries associated with trampoline use.

Objective: Trampolines are popular among children, but trampoline injuries constitute a large number of emergency department visits. The purpose of this study was to determine how often neck injuries occur among children with trampoline-related injuries and to identify the mechanism of injury.

Methods: We analyzed the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to characterize patient demographics, injury types, injury subsite, and emergency department disposition status associated with trampoline related neck injuries between 2012 and 2021 in the United States.

The association of statin therapy with reduced intracranial aneurysm recurrence after endovascular coiling: a post hoc propensity score-matched analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Endovascular intracranial aneurysm (IA) management has significantly evolved over the last 2 decades. Despite these advancements, the aneurysm recanalization rate after coil embolization remains a concern. Statins have been found to affect vascular repair and remodeling; therefore, the authors hypothesized that patients receiving statin therapy at the time of coil embolization would have lower aneurysm recurrence and retreatment rates compared with patients not receiving statin therapy.

What Happens When Undergraduate Biology Students Meet with Professional Scientists to Discuss Research? An Exploratory Investigation into Scientific Discourse, Motivation, and Sense of Belonging.

Engagement in scientific discourse is an essential part of becoming a scientist. In this exploratory study, we aim to examine the scientific discourse (and resulting benefits) between undergraduate biology students and professional scientists. We developed a novel method for engaging in scientific discourse, grounded in the theory of legitimate peripheral participation, where undergraduate biology students participate in communities of practice within their own departments.

Anakinra in relapsing polychondritis: a case report and review of the literature.

Relapsing polychondritis is rare and affects non-synovial fibrocartilage. Currently, there is a paucity of treatment algorithms, especially for those with refractory disease. A middle-aged man presented with polychondritis affecting the nose, ears, joints, and larynx.

Exploring the interplay between inflammation and male fertility.

Male fertility results from a complex interplay of physiological, environmental, and genetic factors. It is conditioned by the properly developed anatomy of the reproductive system, hormonal regulation balance, and the interplay between different cell populations that sustain an appropriate and functional environment in the testes. Unfortunately, the mechanisms sustaining male fertility are not flawless and their perturbation can lead to infertility.

Updates on Breast Reconstruction: Surgical Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The increasing global incidence of breast cancer underscores the significance of breast reconstruction in enhancing patients' quality of life. Breast reconstruction primarily falls into two categories: implant-based techniques and autologous tissue transfers. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of various aspects of implant-based reconstruction, including different types of implants, surgical techniques, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Correction to: Infection's Association With Decreased Risk of Breast Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14740/wjon1617.].

Cytokine profiling reveals HLA-linked Th2 and Th17 driven immune activation in pemphigus vulgaris patients and genetically susceptible healthy controls.

Introduction: Cytokines and chemokines direct the inflammatory response and may serve as markers of immune dysregulation in Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune blistering skin disorder. Previous studies on limited numbers of patients and cytokine profiles in PV have produced equivocal results regarding the role these mediators play in disease.

Methods: In this study, we interrogated serum samples from 116 PV patients and 29 healthy controls by multiplexed bead array assays across a comprehensive set of cytokines and chemokines covering several functional categories, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-1, and Eotaxin.

Differential cardiac impacts of hematological malignancies and solid tumors: a histopathological and biomarker study.

Background: Cancer patients are known to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, no studies have examined the differential impact of hematologic malignancies (HMs) and solid tumors (STs) on cardiac morphology at the tissue level.

Objective: We aimed to examine histopathological features alongside cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with HMs and STs who underwent post-mortem evaluation.

Actinomycetota From Macroalgae as Rich Source for Natural Products Discovery Revealed Through Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches.

Actinomycetota are unrivalled producers of bioactive natural products, with strains living in association with macroalgae representing a prolific-yet largely unexplored-source of specialised chemicals. In this work, we have investigated the bioactive potential of Actinomycetota from macroalgae through culture-dependent and -independent approaches. A bioprospecting pipeline was applied to a collection of 380 actinobacterial strains, recovered from two macroalgae species collected in the Portuguese northern shore-Codium tomentosum and Chondrus crispus-in order to explore their ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and lipid-reducing compounds.

Association of Cognitive Symptoms and Abnormal Oculomotor Signs With Recovery in Adolescents After Sport-Related Concussion.

Objective: Sport-related concussion (SRC) affects cognitive and oculomotor function. We evaluated recovery from SRC in athletes with cognitive symptoms and/or oculomotor impairments who were prescribed early aerobic exercise treatment.

Design: Secondary exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Differing clinical characteristics among individuals with concussions sustained at work, in motor vehicle collisions, and sport.

Purpose: To compare clinical characteristics in patients with concussions sustained by prevalent, but understudied, mechanisms (work-related concussion [WRC] and motor vehicle collision [MVC]-related concussion) to sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: Retrospective review of 281 electronic medical records from an outpatient concussion clinic. Time since injury (days), duration of care (days), amount of care (number of visits), and perceived health (Short-Form 12) were collected.

Detection and Characterization of Visceral Anisakid Nematodes in Blue Whiting from Portuguese Waters.

This study employs molecular detection techniques, including conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing, to investigate the prevalence, species composition and public health implications of Anisakid nematodes in blue whiting () caught off the Portuguese coast. With Portugal's high fish consumption rates and increasing preference for raw or undercooked seafood, the risk of parasitic infections, particularly anisakidosis, is rising. Fifty blue whiting fish were examined, showing a 100% infection rate with Anisakid larvae.