Circulating sphingolipids in relation to cognitive decline and incident dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Introduction: Whether circulating levels of sphingolipids are prospectively associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk is uncertain.

Methods: We measured 14 sphingolipid species in plasma samples from 4488 participants (mean age 76.2 years; 40% male; and 25% apolipoprotein E ( ε4 allele carriers).

CARE4Kids Study: Endophenotypes of Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms in Adolescents: Study Rationale and Protocol.

Treatment of youth concussion during the acute phase continues to evolve, and this has led to the emergence of guidelines to direct care. While symptoms after concussion typically resolve in 14-28 days, a portion (∼20%) of adolescents endorse persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) beyond normal resolution. This report outlines a study implemented in response to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke call for the development and initial clinical validation of objective biological measures to predict risk of PPCS in adolescents.

Informal carers' information needs in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of people with dementia and related mHealth applications: a systematic integrative review to inform the design of an mHealth application.

Objective: To review and synthesise the evidence on informal carers' information needs in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of their care recipients and related mobile health (mHealth) applications to inform the design of an mHealth application.

Design: This is a systematic integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl's five-stages framework. Six databases were searched: Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest and PsycINFO.

Using Implementation Science to Understand Teledermatology Implementation Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Implementation science has been recognized for its potential to improve the integration of evidence-based practices into routine dermatologic care. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rapid teledermatology implementation worldwide. Although several studies have highlighted patient and care provider satisfaction with teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the implementation process.

Health-related quality of life in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: A cross-sectional survey study.

Background: Patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) often have indolent but symptomatic disease.

Objective: Assessment of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with CTCL.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey study.

Insights From the Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform Into the Mechanism of Survival Benefit From Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Background The mechanism by which bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is unclear. We hypothesized that ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform measures, as surrogates of myocardial physiology, mediate the relationship between bystander CPR and survival. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult, bystander-witnessed patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with an initial rhythm of VF who were treated by a metropolitan emergency medical services system from 2005 to 2018.

Cognitive skill training improves memory, function, and use of cognitive strategies in cancer survivors.

Background: Cancer survivors commonly report symptoms of impaired cognition. This project examined effectiveness of a behavioral skills training intervention to improve cognition and reduce cognitive dysfunction symptoms in cancer survivors.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to group-based workshops focused on learning new cognitive skills (skills treatment-TX) or an active control of education workshops (education control-EC) or a passive control of wait list (WL).

Relationship of Phosphatidylethanol Biomarker to Self-Reported Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Older and Middle-Age Adults.

Background: Risky alcohol consumption is on the rise among older adults. Biomarkers such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth) have been used to evaluate the correspondence between an objective, laboratory-based biomarker and self-report of alcohol consumption. This study examined the relationship between PEth, self-report of alcohol consumption, and health indices in a sample of community-dwelling older to middle-age adults (aged 35 to 89) with healthy and risky levels of alcohol consumption.

Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review.

Background: Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations.

Causes of Chest Compression Interruptions During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation.

Background Interruptions in chest compressions contribute to poor outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The objective of this retrospective observational cohort study was to characterize the frequency, reasons, and duration of interruptions in chest compressions and to determine if interruptions changed over time. Methods and Results All out-of-hospital cardiac arrests treated by the Seattle Fire Department (Seattle, WA, United States) from 2007 to 2016 with capture of recordings from automated external defibrillators and manual defibrillators were included.

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory proteins are required for normal homeostatic responses to sleep deprivation.

Interleukin-1β (IL1) is a sleep regulatory substance. The IL1/IL1 type 1 receptor complex requires a receptor accessory protein (AcP) to signal. There are three isoforms of AcP.

Type 2 diabetes and later cognitive function in older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.

Objectives: Insulin resistance is a substantial health issue for American Indians, with type 2 diabetes overrepresented in this population as compared with non-Hispanic whites. Insulin resistance and its related conditions in turn increase risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. The aim of the current study was to determine whether type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance at midlife was associated with later-life cognitive testing in a large sample of older American Indians, aged 65 and older.

Spatial structure facilitates the accumulation and persistence of antibiotic-resistant mutants in biofilms.

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens are a global crisis. Because many bacterial infections are caused by pathogens that reside in biofilms, we sought to investigate how biofilms influence the evolution of antibiotic resistance. We hypothesize that the inherent spatial structure of biofilms facilitates the accumulation and persistence of spontaneously evolved antibiotic-resistant mutants.

Examining Thematic Similarity, Difference, and Membership in Three Online Mental Health Communities from Reddit: A Text Mining and Visualization Approach.

Objectives: Social media, including online health communities, have become popular platforms for individuals to discuss health challenges and exchange social support with others. These platforms can provide support for individuals who are concerned about social stigma and discrimination associated with their illness. Although mental health conditions can share similar symptoms and even co-occur, the extent to which discussion topics in online mental health communities are similar, different, or overlapping is unknown.

Predictors of Adherence to Psychological Treatment for Insomnia and Pain: Analysis from a Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Poor adherence to psychological treatment for insomnia is common and limits treatment gains. Very little is known about predictors of adherence among patients with chronic pain, although adherence is theorized to be more critical and more challenging for these patients. This secondary data analysis examines predictors of drop-out and therapy nonattendance in an osteoarthritis population receiving psychological treatment for insomnia and pain.

Partners in Care: Design Considerations for Caregivers and Patients During a Hospital Stay.

Informal caregivers, such as close friends and family, play an important role in a hospital patient's care. Although CSCW researchers have shown the potential for social computing technologies to help patients and their caregivers manage chronic conditions and support health behavior change, few studies focus on caregivers' role during a multi-day hospital stay. To explore this space, we conducted an interview and observation study of patients and caregivers in the inpatient setting.

Cone-Beam CT with Fluoroscopic Overlay Versus Conventional CT Guidance for Percutaneous Abdominopelvic Abscess Drain Placement.

Purpose: To compare technical success and procedure time for percutaneous abscess drain placement with fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography (CT) and two-axis needle guidance versus conventional CT guidance.

Materials And Methods: A total of 85 consecutive patients undergoing abdominopelvic abscess drain placement guided by fluoroscopic cone-beam CT or conventional CT were retrospectively reviewed over a 2-year period. Forty-three patients underwent drain placement with cone-beam CT using XperGuide navigation and 42 underwent placement with conventional 64-slice CT.

A streptococcal lipid toxin induces membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis leading to fetal injury.

Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive bacteria that cause infections in utero and in newborns. We recently showed that the GBS pigment is hemolytic and increased pigment production promotes bacterial penetration of human placenta. However, mechanisms utilized by the hemolytic pigment to induce host cell lysis and the consequence on fetal injury are not known.

Basic obstetric pharmacology.

Pregnancy is associated with a variety of physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several drugs. However, limited data exists on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the majority of the medications used in pregnancy. In this article, we first describe basic concepts (drug absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and transport) in pharmacokinetics.

Treatment of chest wall sarcomas: a single-institution experience over 20 years.

Objective: To evaluate the impact on the outcome of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of localized chest wall sarcomas.

Methods: A retrospective review of 65 patients with stage IIB and III chest wall sarcomas seen over 20 years at the University of Washington Medical Center. Overall and disease-free survival outcomes were analyzed on the basis of the treatment received: surgery alone; surgery and radiation therapy; surgery and chemotherapy; and surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Locating Patient Expertise in Everyday Life.

Coping with a new health issue often requires individuals to acquire knowledge and skills to manage personal health. Many patients turn to one another for experiential expertise outside the formal bounds of the health-care system. Internet-based social software can facilitate expertise sharing among patients, but provides only limited ways for users to locate sources of patient expertise.