G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Potential Intercellular Communication Mediators in Trypanosomatidae.

Detection and transduction of environmental signals, constitute a prerequisite for successful parasite invasion; i.e., transmission, survival, pathogenesis and disease manifestation and dissemination, with diverse molecules functioning as inter-cellular signaling ligands.

Per-Anal Endoscopic Myotomy as Rescue Therapy for Hirschsprung Disease After Unsuccessful Surgical Myectomy.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) may affect short, ultrashort, or long segments of the rectum. Invasive endoscopy has gained popularity in its treatment. We report a case of a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with HD at 4-year-old, at which time she underwent a myectomy.

Chemotaxis in : Evaluation by the two-chamber capillary assay.

Chemotactic responses play a significant role during differentiation through its life cycle and during infection. The aim of this description has been to portray the modified "two-chamber capillary chemotaxis assay" as a technique useful for quantitative evaluation of chemotaxis after reviewing the methods described until now to assess chemotaxis in . This valued simple and reproducible method convenient for parasite migration determination, was tested by the use of controlled changes in monosaccharide (D-glucose and D-fructose) concentrations as referent ligands.

Leishmanicidal Activity of Betulin Derivatives in Effect on Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Macrophage Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Production.

Unlabelled: Herein, we evaluated in vitro the anti-leishmanial activity of betulin derivatives in Venezuelan isolates of , isolated from patients with therapeutic failure.

Methods: We analyzed promastigote in vitro susceptibility as well as the cytotoxicity and selectivity of the evaluated compounds. Additionally, the activity of selected compounds was determined in intracellular amastigotes.

Obesity and COVID-19 in Latin America: A tragedy of two pandemics-Official document of the Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies.

In May 2020, Latin America became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, a region already afflicted by social disparities, poor healthcare access, inadequate nutrition and a large prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Obesity and its comorbidities are increasingly prevalent in Latin America, with a more rapid growth in individuals with lower income, and currently a disease associated with COVID-19 severity, complications and death. In this document, the Latin American Association of Obesity Societies and collaborators present a review of the burden of two pandemics in Latin America, discuss possible mechanisms that explain their relationship with each other and provide public health and individual recommendations, as well as questions for future studies.

Chemotactic activities of vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y and substance P in Leishmania braziliensis.

Cell-cell interaction and active migration (and invasion) of parasites into skin host-cell(s) are key steps for successful infection by Leishmania. Chemotaxis constitutes a primordial chapter of Leishmania-host cell interaction, potentially modulated by neuropeptides released into the skin due, for example, to the noxious stimuli represented by the insect bite. Herein we have evaluated in vitro the effect of sensory (Substance P, SP) and autonomic (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, VIP, and Neuropeptide Y, NPY) neuropeptides on parasite taxis, and investigated the potential modulatory effect of SP on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis-macrophage interaction.

Is the activity of CGRP and Adrenomedullin regulated by RAMP (-2) and (-3) in Trypanosomatidae? An in-silico approach.

The Calcitonin-Like Receptor (CLR) belongs to the classical seven-transmembrane segment molecules coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins. Its pharmacology depends on the simultaneous expression of the so-called Receptor Activity Modifier Proteins (RAMP-) -1, -2 and -3. RAMP-associated proteins modulate glycosylation and cellular traffic of CLR, therefore determining its pharmacodynamics.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemias in Three Regions in Venezuela: The VEMSOLS Study Results.

Background: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The Venezuelan Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (VEMSOLS) was undertaken to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in five populations from three regions of Venezuela.

Prevalence of diabetes in three regions of Venezuela. The VEMSOLS study results.

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. To determine the prevalence of diabetes in five populations from three regions of Venezuela.

Methods: During 2006-2010, 1334 subjects ≥20years were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households from 3 regions of Venezuela.

Effect of aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing amino acids on Leishmania spp. chemotaxis.

In the sand-fly mid gut, Leishmania promastigotes are exposed to acute changes in nutrients, e.g. amino acids (AAs).

Anti-trypanosomal activities and structural chemical properties of selected compound classes.

Potent compounds do not necessarily make the best drugs in the market. Consequently, with the aim to describe tools that may be fundamental for refining the screening of candidates for animal and preclinical studies and further development, molecules of different structural classes synthesized within the frame of a broad screening platform were evaluated for their trypanocidal activities, cytotoxicities against murine macrophages J774.1 and selectivity indices, as well as for their ligand efficiencies and structural chemical properties.

Socialized medicine or state-ruled medicine: the Venezuelan dilemma.

The economic crisis in which Venezuela is living, caused by the fall in oil prices, has forced the government to reorganize its medical services. A central administrative organ, the National Health Service, has been created. It seeks to develop a social medicine directed at the less favored classes of the population.