Correlation between MIB-1 staining indices and recurrence in low-grade astrocytomas.

Although low-grade astrocytomas are histologically benign, some of them recur frequently. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between MIB-1 staining index (SI) and recurrence in 47 low-grade astrocytomas that were treated in Keio University Hospital from 1981 to 1991. We found a correlation between SI and recurrence.

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of intralobular fibroblasts in human submandibular gland: the recognition of a 'CD34 positive reticular network' connected by gap junctions.

In order to clarify the ultrastructural and immunophenotypic characteristics of intralobular stromal cells in the human submandibular gland, normal tissues were examined from 25 patients by conventional histology of wax sections, light microscope immunohistochemistry, conventional thin-sectioning transmission electron microscopy, immuno-electronmicroscopy (for the CD34 antigen) and scanning electron microscopy. Spindled stromal cells had abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae typical of fibroblasts. Some actin filaments and microtubules were seen, but the filaments lacked the focal densities of smooth-muscle, nor was a lamina present.

Durable molecular remission in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and host-derived hematopoiesis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 44-year-old woman with Ph-positive CML was treated with TBI, splenic irradiation, Ara-C, and CY. She then received unmanipulated marrow cells from her HLA-identical brother. GVHD prophylaxis was FK506 and MTX.

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of stromal cells in lamina propria of human fallopian tube ampullar mucosa: the recognition of 'CD34 positive reticular network' and its putative function for immune surveillance.

This paper aims at clarifying the cellular differentiation at the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical levels in normal stromal cells of the fallopian tube ampullar mucosa in order to arrive at a functional interpretation of these cells. Techniques used were histology, histochemistry, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as light and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry for the CD34 antigen. Three types of stromal mesenchymal cell were identified.

Newly designed specula for laryngomicroscopy.

We produced specula for laryngomicroscopy to observe blind spots in the operating field. Use of these specula has facilitated detailed observation of the lower surface of the false vocal folds, laryngeal ventricle, and subglottis, which were previously in blind spots. The specula are useful in the following ways: 1) clarifying blind spots for improved diagnosis and providing more accurate surgical margins; 2) observing the lower lips of the vocal folds in phonosurgery; and 3) Vaporizing with laser reflection.

[Molecular pharmacological and toxicological studies of drug-metabolizing enzymes].

Studies on drug metabolism have opened new fields in the evaluation of drug efficacy and drug safety in experimental animals and humans, especially in the development of new drugs. The author described the history of discoveries of induction and inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes as a key point in the development of drug interaction studies. Studies on the sex-related differences in drug-metabolism have been important fields for understanding the sex-related toxicity and efficacy of drugs and their species differences under normal and pathological conditions.

A study of intercellular relationships between trabecular bone and marrow stromal cells in the murine femoral metaphysis.

The cellular relationship between the substantia spongiosa of bone (cancellous or trabecular bone) and the haematopoietic bone marrow in the femoral metaphysis of C57BL/6NJCL mice was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Special attention was directed to intercellular junctions between osteocytes, osteoblasts, and bone marrow reticular cells. These were gap junctions and adhesive devices of simple architecture referred to as primitive junctions or zonula adherens-like junctions.

Development of oligodendrocyte and myelination in the central nervous system.

We demonstrated the cell lineage of oligodendrocytes from the glial precursor cells to mature oligodendrocytes forming myelin sheath around the axon. There are several different stages of oligodendrocyte development in vito. So far there are no precise data about their morphological changes during oligodendrocyte development, but by the analysis using SEM and immunostaining, the characteristic morphological changes with serial expression of cell markers were observed in each developmental steps of oligodendrocyte.

[Molecular genetic analysis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with the 3460 mutation in Japanese pedigrees].

We have identified a point mutation at nucleotide position 3460 in the ND1 gene of complex I in a Japanese pedigree with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy by sequencing the ND genes in mitochondrial DNA. None of the 60 healthy Japanese had the 3460 mutation. The proband and his mother also had the 7444 mutation in the COI gene of complex IV and became nearly blind at age 19 with visual acuities of 0.

[A case of acquired von Willebrand disease due to pulmonary stenosis after Jatene's operation].

The case of a 9-year-old girl with pulmonary stenosis complicated by acquired bleeding tendency after Jatene's operation is reported. Coagulation study revealed that platelet count and von Willebrand factor were reduced. Catheterization study revealed severe pulmonary stenosis, the pressure gradient between the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA) being 190 mmHg.

Role of nitric oxide in regulation of baroreceptor reflex.

The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) on modulating sympathetic nerve activity through its action on baroreceptor reflex arc was investigated. L-Arginine, a precursor of NO, and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of NO synthase, were separately infused intravenously in increasing doses in 126 pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), aortic nerve activity (ANA), cervical (CSNA) and renal sympathetic nerve activities (RSNA) were recorded.

Lipid-rich residual bodies in the human thyroid gland: ultrastructural, histochemical, and morphometric study.

Eleven samples of surgical and autopsy thyroid tissue were studied by classical histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, light microscope quantitation and transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize lipid-rich residual bodies (LRRBs) previously reported in human myometrium. The following observations were made: 1) LRRBs were found largely in follicular epithelial cells; 2) they had exactly the same histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics as LRRBs from myometrium; 3) they had a distinctive distribution and morphology compared with lipofuscin; 4) a lysosomal nature was confirmed by their content of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D; 5) they were virtually absent from both the new-born thyroid and from thyroid carcinoma; 6) there was a statistical linear correlation between LRRB frequency and patient age. In conclusion, LRRBs have been demonstrated in an extra-uterine location, and are confirmed as residual lysosomes, probably having been involved in lipid metabolism.

[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry].

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been widely used in Japan. In this article, we described our lateral measurement of lumbar vertebral body, and reviewed the fracture threshold and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The bone mineral density was measured in the anteroposterior projection (L2-4BMD) and in the lateral projection (L3 latBMD) by XR-26.

[Intractable bacterial infections in surgical patients].

Although many new antibiotics became available for clinical use, intractable bacterial infections are still major cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. The infections are attributable to multiple factors. Surgical stress such as extensive burns and major surgery results in the depressed host-defense function, which is mediated by cytokine responses.

Attenuation of myocardial stunning by an increase in the H+ buffering capacity of the perfusate and that by hypoxic preperfusion are affected differently by the free [Ca2+] of the perfusate.

Objectives: Protons produced during ischemia may increase intracellular Na+ (Na+i) through Na+/H+ exchange, and may lead to Ca2+ overload through Na+/Ca2+ exchange to cause myocardial stunning. This study investigated whether an increase in the H+ buffering capacity of the perfusate or a reduction of H+ production by a brief hypoxic preperfusion before ischemia would reduce myocardial stunning. We also investigated whether the protective effect of these maneuvers depends on the free [Ca2+] of the perfusate.

Antitumor activities of new platinum compounds, DWA2114R, NK121 and 254-S, against human leukemia cells sensitive or resistant to cisplatin.

(R)-(-)-1,1-(2-amino-methylpyrrorodine)-platinum(II) (DWA2114R), cis-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2R)-2-methyl-1,4-butanediammin eplatinum(II) (NK121; CI-973) and glycolate-o,-o'-diammine platinum(II) (254-S; NSC375101D) are new platinum compounds developed in Japan. We studied the antitumor effects of these compounds on the cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP)-resistant human leukemia cell line, K562/DDP. K562/DDP cells were 10-fold resistant to DDP, while the cells showed minimal cross-resistance to carboplatin (2.

Acoustic neuromas presenting as sudden hearing loss.

Progressive hearing loss is well known as a usually existing complaint in patients with acoustic neuromas. However, sudden hearing loss is also a relatively frequent condition in acoustic neuroma patients. In our review of 132 patients with surgically proven unilateral acoustic neuromas, 29 (22.

Dose calcium balanced heparin affect blood gas and electrolyte analysis?

The effect of calcium-balanced heparin (471896, CIBA CORNING) on blood gas and electrolyte analysis was evaluated, by comparing with that of sodium heparin (Na heparin). One ml of whole blood was collected into a syringe, which contained calcium-balance heparin (Ca balanced heparin) or Na heparin. 122 pairs of blood samples obtained from 15 patients were analyzed for Na, K, ionized calcium (Ca(++)), total hemoglobin, pH, P(CO)(2), and P(O)(2) by an automatic blood gas and electrolyte analyzer, CIBA CORNING model 288.

[Amplification and expression of oncogenes in human malignant tumors--organ or tissue specificity and prognosis].

We investigated the amplification and expression of oncogenes in human cancerous and noncancerous tissues, and clarified the correlation between the biological characteristics and them. Amplification of c-erb B oncogene is detected in 12% of squamous cancer tissues such as cancer of the lung and esophagus, but not others. That of c-erb A and c-erb B-2 oncogenes is, specifically, detected in 20-25% of breast cancers.

Studies on the rectoanal reflex in children and in experimental animals: an evaluation of neuronal control of the rectoanal reflex.

A single-chamber pressure probe for rectal electromanometry was developed which seems to be superior to the complicated multichamber systems not only for clinical but also for experimental purposes. Measurements of rectoanal reflex were carried out in 268 cases with abnormal bowel function, in 103 cases following operation for Hirschsprung's disease, and in 61 cases of imperforate anus to assess postoperative continence. Experimental studies were performed in 36 dogs, 27 of which were used for short-term and 9 for long-term studies.

Effects of calcium loading in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

The effects of oral calcium loading on blood pressure (BP) of DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate)-salt hypertensive rats (D-S rats) were investigated. Calcium loading was performed by adding 1% CaCl2 (calcium chloride) to the drinking water. Calcium loading attenuated the development of high BP in D-S rats, and at the end of a two week experiment, BP was 141 +/- 3 (calcium treated) vs.