Management of Parkinson's Disease During Pregnancy: Literature Review and Multidisciplinary Input.

Background: There are no standardized clinical guidelines for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD) during pregnancy. Increasing maternal age would suggest that the incidence of pregnancy in women diagnosed with PD is likely to increase.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence for the treatment of PD during pregnancy and to canvass opinion from patients and clinical teams as to the optimum clinical management in this setting.

"Teratoid" Wilms Tumor: The Extreme End of Heterologous Element Differentiation, Not a Separate Entity.

Wilms tumor (WT) may show a diverse range of heterologous elements (HEs). Cases with predominant/prominent HEs have been reported as "teratoid" WT, albeit on the basis of poorly defined criteria. It has been suggested that "teratoid" WTs are rare, and associated with a poor response to chemotherapy, but a good outcome.

EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Prostate Cancer Guideline Panel Consensus Statements for Deferred Treatment with Curative Intent for Localised Prostate Cancer from an International Collaborative Study (DETECTIVE Study).

Background: There is uncertainty in deferred active treatment (DAT) programmes, regarding patient selection, follow-up and monitoring, reclassification, and which outcome measures should be prioritised.

Objective: To develop consensus statements for all domains of DAT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A protocol-driven, three phase study was undertaken by the European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Association of Urology Section of Urological Research (ESUR)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) Prostate Cancer Guideline Panel in conjunction with partner organisations, including the following: (1) a systematic review to describe heterogeneity across all domains; (2) a two-round Delphi survey involving a large, international panel of stakeholders, including healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and patients; and (3) a consensus group meeting attended by stakeholder group representatives.

Hospital admissions for severe infections in people with chronic kidney disease in relation to renal disease severity and diabetes status.

Background: Immunosuppressive agents are being investigated for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but may increase risk of infection. This was a retrospective observational study intended to evaluate the risk of hospitalized infection in patients with CKD, by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria status, aiming to identify the most appropriate disease stage for immunosuppressive intervention.

Methods: Routine UK primary-care and linked secondary-care data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Short-term and long-term survival probabilities among first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients at a hospital in the suburban east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the 28-day, 1-year, and 5-year survival probabilities in first-ever stroke patients in a relatively understudied setting: a suburban hospital that serves a predominantly rural population in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

Methods And Results: A retrospective record review was conducted among 432 first-ever stroke patients admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data from between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2011, were extracted from the medical records.

Prognostic Value of Biochemical Recurrence Following Treatment with Curative Intent for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Context: In men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with curative intent, controversy exists regarding the impact of biochemical recurrence (BCR) on oncological outcomes.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the existing literature on BCR after treatment with curative intent for nonmetastatic PCa. Objective 1 is to investigate whether oncological outcomes differ between patients with or without BCR.

A Modular Assembly of Spinal Cord-Like Tissue Allows Targeted Tissue Repair in the Transected Spinal Cord.

Tissue engineering-based neural construction holds promise in providing organoids with defined differentiation and therapeutic potentials. Here, a bioengineered transplantable spinal cord-like tissue (SCLT) is assembled in vitro by simulating the white matter and gray matter composition of the spinal cord using neural stem cell-based tissue engineering technique. Whether the organoid would execute targeted repair in injured spinal cord is evaluated.

The presentation of depression symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: comparing child and parent reports.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with depression, and outcomes are poor when both are present. Little is known about whether depression symptoms present differently in ADHD compared to the general population, or how reliable young people with ADHD are at reporting these symptoms. This study aimed to describe depression symptoms in a clinical ADHD sample compared to a population sample, and compare self-reports of depression symptoms with parent-reports.

A review of the growing risk of vitamin D toxicity from inappropriate practice.

Vitamin D is a particularly important sterol hormone, with evidence emerging of its beneficial effects well beyond bone. In consequence of this and increased global recognition of vitamin D deficiency in the general population, there has been a resurgence in treatment with vitamin D preparations. However, the increasing use of vitamin D treatments has also seen a substantial increase in the number of reports of vitamin D intoxication, with the majority (75%) of reports published since 2010.

Focal Therapy in Primary Localised Prostate Cancer: The European Association of Urology Position in 2018.

Unlabelled: Radical treatment of localised prostate cancer is recognised to be an unnecessary intervention or overtreatment in many men. Consequently, there has been a rapid uptake in the use of focal ablative therapies. However, there are several biological and practical concerns about such approaches as they have yet to be proved as robust treatment options.

Viscoelastometry guided fresh frozen plasma infusion for postpartum haemorrhage: OBS2, an observational study.

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) can be exacerbated by haemostatic failure. Based on data from trauma studies, empirical infusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are often given during severe PPH if coagulation tests are unavailable. This study observed a cohort of women with moderate/severe PPH in whom FFP infusion was guided by the use of viscoelastometric point-of-care testing (VE-POCT) and clinical assessment.

Viscoelastometric-guided early fibrinogen concentrate replacement during postpartum haemorrhage: OBS2, a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) can be exacerbated by haemostatic failure. We hypothesized that early fibrinogen replacement, guided by viscoelastometric testing, reduces blood product usage and bleed size.

Methods: Women with PPH 1000-1500 ml were enrolled.

Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor IX product, trenonacog alfa in previously treated haemophilia B patients.

Introduction: Trenonacog alfa (IB1001) is a recombinant factor IX (rFIX) manufactured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. IB1001 was evaluated in a multicentre clinical trial with haemophilia B patients.

Aim: The aim was to establish IB1001 pharmacokinetic non-inferiority to comparator rFIX, safety and efficacy in previously treated patients (PTPs) with haemophilia B.

Acquired hemophilia A: Updated review of evidence and treatment guidance.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disease resulting from autoantibodies (inhibitors) against endogenous factor VIII (FVIII) that leads to bleeding, which is often spontaneous and severe. AHA tends to occur in elderly patients with comorbidities and is associated with high mortality risk from underlying comorbidities, bleeding, or treatment complications. Treatment, which consists of hemostatic management and eradication of the inhibitors, can be challenging to manage.

A genetic variant within previously associated with inattention in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with enhanced cognition in healthy adult males.

Introduction: The enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) converts sulfated steroids to their non-sulfated forms. Deficiency for this enzyme is associated with inattention but preserved response control. The polymorphism rs17268988 within the X-linked gene is associated with inattentive, but not other, symptoms in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Insights into rare diseases from social media surveys.

The internet, and social media platforms, are increasingly being used by substantial sectors of the worldwide population. By engaging effectively with online and social media, scientists and clinicians can obtain unprecedented access to relatively large cohorts of individuals with rare diseases, as well as their relatives, carers and professionals involved in their healthcare. Online surveys of these stakeholder groups may provide important new insights into rare conditions and their management relatively quickly and easily, with the possibility of rapid translation into healthcare interventions and policy.

Anti-flavivirus Activity of Different Tritylated Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleoside Analogues.

A series of tritylated and dimethoxytritylated analogues of selected pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against two important members of the genus Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family, the yellow fever (YFV) and dengue viruses (DENV). Among all compounds tested, the 5'-O-tritylated and the 5'-O-dimethoxytritylated 5-fluorouridine derivatives exerted potency against YFV. Interestingly in the series of purine analogues, the 5'O, N-bis-tritylated fludarabine derivative revealed strong inhibitory activity against DENV at μm concentrations, however significantly weaker potency against YFV.

In vivo response of GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice to topically applied fish oil - effects on cellular markers and macrophages.

Psoriasis is an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal red, itchy and scaly skin. This work examined the modulation of inflammation, hyperproliferation and immune cell markers following topical application of fish oil (FO) in comparison to the antipsoriatic agents, betamethasone dipropionate (BD) and salicylic acid (SA), to GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice, a hair loss mutant which also exhibits epidermal hyperproliferation akin to psoriasis. The mice were dosed with 100 mg of the test formulation and after 10 days, the mice were sacrificed, skin sections excised and subjected to immunohistochemical determination of COX-2, K17 and MAC-1; and immunofluorescence of Ki-67.

Patterns of bruising in preschool children with inherited bleeding disorders: a longitudinal study.

Objective: The extent that inherited bleeding disorders affect; number, size and location of bruises in young children <6 years.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study.

Setting: Community.

Role of enhanced half-life factor VIII and IX in the treatment of haemophilia.

Treatment of congenital haemophilia with factor VIII and IX concentrates often requires frequent infusions. This has obvious implications in establishing effective administration strategies and, in turn, adherence. To overcome these issues, three main technologies--polyethylene-glycol, Fc-neonatal IgG1 and albumin fusion products--have emerged into various stages of clinical development.

Outcome of localised blastemal-type Wilms tumour patients treated according to intensified treatment in the SIOP WT 2001 protocol, a report of the SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG).

Blastemal-type Wilms tumour (BT-WT) has been identified as a high risk histological subgroup in WT assessed after pre-nephrectomy chemotherapy in trials of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Renal Tumour Study Group. Therefore, in SIOPWT2001, post-operative chemotherapy for BT-WT was intensified aiming to improve survival. Survival analysis of all unilateral BT-WT patients (SIOPWT2001) (n=238), was compared with historical BT-WT controls (SIOP93-01) (n=113).