Best practices in the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) frequently cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroid irAEs being the most common endocrine-related irAEs. The incidence of overt thyroid irAEs ranged 8.9-22.

Cerebral blood flow and histological analysis for the accurate differentiation of infiltrating tumor and vasogenic edema in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is characterized by neovascularization and diffuse infiltration into the adjacent tissue. T2*-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion images provide useful measurements of the biomarkers associated with tumor perfusion. This study aimed to distinguish infiltrating tumors from vasogenic edema in glioblastomas using DSC-MR perfusion images.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

A Helicobacter pylori flagellar motor accessory is needed to maintain the barrier function of the outer membrane during flagellar rotation.

The Helicobacter pylori flagellar motor contains several accessory structures that are not found in the archetypal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica motors. H. pylori hp0838 encodes a previously uncharacterized lipoprotein and is in an operon with flgP, which encodes a motor accessory protein.

SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques.

The latent viral reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV cure, placing the burden of strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV to prevent recrudescence of viremia. For infants with perinatally acquired HIV, adherence is anticipated to be a lifelong need. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of ART and viral Envelope-specific rhesus-derived IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) with or without the IL-15 superagonist N-803 early in infection would limit viral reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.

Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Dioxygenated Linkers.

Developing new classes of drugs that are active against infections caused by is a priority for treating and managing this deadly disease. Here, we describe screening a small library of 20 DNA gyrase inhibitors and identifying new lead compounds. Three structurally diverse analogues were identified with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.

Donor Regulatory T-Cell Therapy to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In preclinical studies and early-phase clinical studies enrichment of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) appears to prevent GVHD and promote healthy immunity.We enrolled 44 patients on an open-label, single-center, phase 2 efficacy study investigating if a precision selected and highly purified Treg cell therapy manufactured from donor mobilized peripheral blood improves one-year GVHD-free relapse free survival (GRFS) after myeloablative conditioning (trial NCT01660607).

Epcoritamab plus GemOx in transplant-ineligible relapsed/refractory DLBCL: results from the EPCORE NHL-2 trial.

Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor outcomes. Gemcitabine + oxaliplatin (GemOx) with rituximab, a standard salvage therapy, yields complete response (CR) rates of approximately 30% and median overall survival (OS) of 10-13 months. Patients with refractory disease fare worse, with a CR rate of 7% for subsequent therapies and median OS of 6 months.

Age and biologic survival in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: A cohort study from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR).

Background: The current management of psoriasis does not differentiate between young and old patients in selecting the safest and/or most effective biologic.

Objectives: To explore the effect of age at treatment initiation in response to biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the UK and Eire.

Methods: Data from patients registering to the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR) from 2007-2024 on first course of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 12/13, IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors (i) with at least 6 months' follow-up were included.

SLC35A2 modulates paramyxovirus fusion events during infection.

Paramyxoviruses are significant human and animal pathogens that include mumps virus (MuV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai (SeV). Despite their importance, few host factors implicated in paramyxovirus infection are known. Using a recombinant SeV expressing destabilized eGFP (rSeVCdseGFP) in a loss-of-function CRISPR screen, we identified the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) gene SLC35A1 and the UDP-galactose transporter (UGT) gene SLC35A2 as essential for paramyxovirus infection.

The development of preterm infants from low socio-economic status families: The combined effects of melatonin, autonomic nervous system maturation and psychosocial factors (ProMote): A study protocol.

Preterm births constitute a major public health issue and a chronic, cross-generational condition globally. Psychological and biological factors interact in a way that women from low socio-economic status (SES) are disproportionally affected by preterm delivery and at increased risk for the development of perinatal mental health problems. Low SES constitutes one of the most evident contributors to poor neurodevelopment of preterm infants.

Enhancing semantical text understanding with fine-tuned large language models: A case study on Quora Question Pair duplicate identification.

Semantical text understanding holds significant importance in natural language processing (NLP). Numerous datasets, such as Quora Question Pairs (QQP), have been devised for this purpose. In our previous study, we developed a Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (S-CNN) that achieved an F1 score of 82.

A Survey of Sedation Practices for Adolescents and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Undergoing Lumbar Puncture.

Purpose: Lumbar puncture is a frequently performed procedure for patients undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This brief procedure is frequently performed with sedation in young patients but with only local anesthesia in adults. Adolescent and young adult patients may be cared for by physicians with different training backgrounds and sedation preferences, making the utilization of sedation for lumbar punctures variable among providers.

Internal validation of a convolutional neural network pipeline for assessing meibomian gland structure from meibography.

Significance: Optimal meibography utilization and interpretation are hindered due to poor lid presentation, blurry images, or image artifacts and the challenges of applying clinical grading scales. These results, using the largest image dataset analyzed to date, demonstrate development of algorithms that provide standardized, real-time inference that addresses all of these limitations.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate an algorithmic pipeline to automate and standardize meibomian gland absence assessment and interpretation.

New Productive Force: The Preliminary Report of First Craniofacial Surgical Robot IST Multicenter Clinical Trial in China.

Background: This paper presents the authors' team's research on a craniofacial surgical robot developed in China. Initiated in 2011 with government funding, the craniofacial surgical robot project was officially launched in Shanghai, developed jointly by the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University medical-engineering team. Currently, based on multiple rounds of model surgeries, animal experiments, and clinical trials, our team is applying for approval as a Class III medical device from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA).

National assessment on the frequency of pain medication prescribed for intrauterine device insertion procedures within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) is a highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception, widely recognized for its convenience and efficacy. Despite its benefits, many patients report moderate to severe pain during and after their IUD insertion procedure. Furthermore, reports suggest significant variability in pain control medications, including no adequate pain medication.

Long-Term Impact of an Online Physician Group-Coaching Program to Improve Burnout and Self-Compassion in Trainees.

Goal: To evaluate long-term outcomes of Better Together Physician Coaching, a digital life-coaching program to improve resident well-being.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of survey data from the pilot program implementation between January 2021 and June 2022. An intention-to-treat analysis was completed for baseline versus post-6 months and baseline versus post-12 months for all outcome measures.

A national survey of career development according to gender and subspecialties among cardiologists in Japan.

Background: Training opportunities, work satisfaction, and the factors that influence them according to gender and subspecialties are understudied among Japanese cardiologists.

Methods: We investigated the career development of Japanese cardiologists with an e-mail questionnaire. Feelings of inequality in training opportunities, work dissatisfaction, and reasons were assessed by examining the cardiologists' gender and invasiveness of subspecialties.

Automated quantitative pupillometry as a predictor for transtentorial brain herniation in patients with malignant acute ischemic stroke.

Brain herniation can be a life-threatening condition, resulting in poor prognosis and higher fatality rates. We examined whether quantitative characteristics of sequential pupillary light reflex (PLR) could serve as biomarkers for identifying brain herniation in fatal acute stroke cases with anterior circulation involvement admitted to neurological intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU). Automatic pupillometer assessed PLR automatically every 4-6 hours, measuring eight specific features: NPi (Neurological pupil index) score, initial resting and constriction pupil size, constriction change, constriction velocity, constriction latency, and dilation velocity.

Recent Advances in Strategies to Enhance Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Performance of Single-Component Organic Phototherapeutic Agents.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising treatment options, showcasing immense potential in addressing both oncologic and nononcologic diseases. Single-component organic phototherapeutic agents (SCOPAs) offer advantages compared to inorganic or multicomponent nanomedicine, including better biosafety, lower toxicity, simpler synthesis, and enhanced reproducibility. Nonetheless, how to further improve the therapeutic effectiveness of SCOPAs remains a challenging research area.

Exceptional Uptake, Limited Protein Expression: Liver Macrophages Lost in Translation of Synthetic mRNA.

Most gene therapies exert their actions via manipulation of hepatocytes (parenchymal cells) and the reasons behind the suboptimal performance of synthetic mRNA in non-parenchymal cells (NPC) such as Kupffer cells (KC), and liver macrophages, remain unclear. Here, the spatio-temporal distribution of mRNA encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (Egfp), siRNA, or both co-encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in the liver in vivo using real-time intravital imaging is investigated. Although both KC and hepatocytes demonstrate comparable high and rapid uptake of mRNA-LNP and siRNA-LNP in vivo, the translation of Egfp mRNA occurs exclusively in hepatocytes during intravital imaging.

Anticoagulation for Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: An American Glaucoma Society Survey.

Precis: Perspectives and practice patterns regarding perioperative anticoagulation management and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery were queried among surgeons of American Glaucoma Society. Management varied based on surgeon preference and type of procedure performed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize anticoagulation and antiplatelet practice patterns for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in the perioperative period.