Longitudinal Associations of PFAS Exposure With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Among Hispanic Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History.

Objective: We investigated associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and changes in diabetes indicators from pregnancy to 12 years after delivery among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: Eighty Hispanic women with GDM history were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 years after delivery. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted during follow-up.

Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated With Chronic Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Gestational Hypertension.

Importance: Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia are leading risk enhancers for maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality. Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) indicators include heart, kidney, and liver disease, but studies have not excluded patients with preexisting diseases that define SMM. Thus, SMM risks for uncomplicated chronic hypertension specific to preeclampsia remain unclear.

Net Benefit of Early Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The net clinical effect of early vs later direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether early DOAC treatment is associated with a net clinical benefit (NCB).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a post hoc analysis of the Early Versus Late Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Post-Ischaemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) open-label randomized clinical trial conducted across 103 sites in 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia between November 6, 2017, and September 12, 2022, with a 90-day follow-up.

Nelonemdaz and Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mechanical Reperfusion: The RODIN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nelonemdaz selectively antagonizes the 2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor and scavenges free radical species.

Objective: To evaluate whether nelonemdaz enhances the clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent reperfusion therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase 3 trial (December 25, 2021, to June 30, 2023, in South Korea) recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke who met the following criteria: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score greater than or equal to 8, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score greater than or equal to 4, and endovascular thrombectomy within 12 hours after stroke onset.

Understanding of Clinical Trials Among Patients With Cancer and Their Relatives.

Importance: Clinical trials are vital for advancing cancer treatments and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the factors that influence participants' decision-making is critical for enhancing trial recruitment.

Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of patients with cancer and their relatives toward clinical trial participation, identifying key barriers and motivators that affect their willingness to engage in such trials.

Candidate Genes Related to Spiritual Mediumship: A Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis of Highly Gifted Mediums.

Objective: There has been a call for neuroscientific studies of spiritual experiences due to their global prevalence, significant impact, and importance for understanding the mind-brain problem. Mediumship is a spiritual experience where individuals claim to communicate with or be influenced by deceased persons or non-material entities. We assessed whether mediums possess specific genetic alterations.

Left atrial appendage velocity, association with inflammatory indices in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients.

Introduction: Decreased left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAV) is a marker for thrombus formation. This study evaluates the association between LAAV and inflammatory indices in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods: The study population was 1428 patients with AF, 875 of whom enrolled.

Preoperative Nutritional Status Influences Enteral Nutrition Weaning 6 Months Post-Surgery in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify whether nutritional status at admission affects enteral nutrition weaning 6 months after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 81 patients who underwent subtotal esophageal cancer resection between April 2014 and February 2016. The survey items were as follows: 1) sex, 2) age, 3) presence or absence of family members living together, 4) clinical stage, 5) surgical procedure, 6) reconstructed organs, 7) nutritional status at admission, 8) presence or absence of postoperative complications (anastomotic leakage, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis), and 9) presence or absence of treatment other than surgery (chemo- or radiotherapy).

CRM1 regulates androgen receptor stability and impacts DNA repair pathways in prostate cancer, independent of the androgen receptor.

Among the known nuclear exportins, CRM1 is the most studied prototype. Dysregulation of CRM1 occurs in many cancers, hence, understanding the role of CRM1 in cancer can help in developing synergistic therapeutics. The study investigates how CRM1 affects prostate cancer growth and survival.

Finite element modeling of clavicle fracture fixations: a systematic scoping review.

Finite element analysis has become indispensable for biomechanical research on clavicle fractures. This review summarized evidence regarding configurations and applications of finite element analysis in clavicle fracture fixation. Seventeen articles involving 22 clavicles were synthesized from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

LINC01224 promotes the Warburg effect in gastric cancer by activating the miR-486-5p/PI3K axis.

The Warburg effect, a common feature of solid tumors, rewires the metabolism and promotes growth, survival, proliferation, and long-term maintenance in gastric cancer (GC). We performed in vitro and in vivo studies of the pathogenesis of GC to investigate the effects and mechanism of LINC01224 in this cancer. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of LINC01224 or miR-486-5p in GC cells, and the expression of LINC01224 in GC tissues by FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis was evaluated.

Safety and Efficacy of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%) in Treating Demodex Blepharitis: Pooled Analysis of Two Pivotal Trials.

Introduction: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution (0.25%) is the first United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved drug for treating Demodex blepharitis. In pivotal trials, it was found to be well tolerated and demonstrated a significant reduction in collarettes and mite density after a 6-week treatment regimen.

Impact of comorbidity on survival in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: Immunotherapy efficacy in elderly patients with comorbidities and poor performance status is not well understood. More knowledge on this topic is needed to identify subgroups that will benefit from immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of comorbidity burden in patients receiving immunotherapy.

Brief Scoping Review of Pathways Community Hubs for the Care of Pregnant Mothers and Their Infants.

Objectives: Pathways Community Hub (PCH) programs help connect pregnant women to healthcare and social services. A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies on PCHs that reported quantitative outcomes was conducted.

Methods: A search of academic databases from 1901 to 2024 initially yielded a total of 1,312 articles, which was ultimately reduced to 4 articles after duplicates were removed, and two levels of screening were conducted to determine whether studies met the inclusion criteria of evaluating a community hub for pregnant women, was written in English, was peer-reviewed, and reported quantitative outcomes.

Strategies for Fidelity Monitoring a Solution-Focused Brief Intervention in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Integrated Care (IC) models have increased, but the current mechanisms to analyze the efficacy and fidelity of behavioral interventions within IC models are limited. A mixed methods concurrent process evaluation was used within the context of a randomized clinical trial to assess intervention fidelity for a Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention implemented within an IC model. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to develop a participant survey and charting template for the SFBT intervention.

Correlates of length of stay in a short-term inpatient residential addiction treatment facility.

Background: There is a gap in the extant literature regarding length of stay (LOS) in short-term inpatient addiction treatment facilities. Furthermore, there is a lack in focus on treatment factors which may be better indicators for positive patient outcomes than demographic profiles. The current study sought to examine modifiable correlates of LOS within a short-term inpatient residential facility to extend LOS and improve patient outcomes.

Cognitive variation reflects amyloid, tau, and neurodegenerative biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the accumulation of neuropathological markers such as amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cortical neurodegeneration occurs over many years before overt manifestation of cognitive impairment. There is thus a need for neuropsychological markers that are indicative of pathological changes in the early stages of the disease. Intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV), defined as the variation of an individual's performance across cognitive domains, is a promising neuropsychological marker measuring heterogeneous changes in cognition that may reflect these early pathological changes.

Demographic, medical, and neighborhood barriers to clinical neuropsychological services in pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated in the United States.

Background: Medulloblastoma is the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumor of childhood. Treatment includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, all of which are associated with cognitive impairments. Despite appreciation of the value of neuropsychological evaluations to assess for cognitive impairments, there are barriers to these evaluations.

Long-term safety and efficacy of fostamatinib in Japanese patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Fostamatinib had superior efficacy to a placebo and acceptable safety profiles for at least 1 year in a phase 3 study of Japanese patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Here, we report the 3-year safety and efficacy of fostamatinib in that study. Data from 33 patients who received at least one dose of fostamatinib were analyzed.