Novel introductions of human-origin H3N2 influenza viruses in swine, Chile.

Influenza A virus (IAV) continuously threatens animal and public health globally, with swine serving as a crucial reservoir for viral reassortment and evolution. In Chile, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were introduced in the swine population before the H1N1 2009 pandemic, and the H1N1 was introduced from the H1N1pdm09 by successive reverse zoonotic events. Here, we report two novel introductions of IAV H3N2 human-origin in Chilean swine during 2023.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Real World Data Infrastructure: A Big-Data Resource for Study of the Impact of COVID-19 in Patient Populations With Immunocompromising Conditions.

Background: We developed a United States-based real-world data resource to better understand the continued impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on immunocompromised patients, who are typically underrepresented in prospective studies and clinical trials.

Methods: The COVID-19 Real World Data infrastructure (CRWDi) was created by linking and harmonizing de-identified HealthVerity medical and pharmacy claims data from 1 December 2018 to 31 December 2023, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virologic and serologic laboratory data from major commercial laboratories and Northwell Health; COVID-19 vaccination data; and, for patients with cancer, 2010 to 2021 National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data.

Results: The CRWDi contains 4 cohorts: patients with cancer; patients with rheumatic diseases receiving pharmacotherapy; noncancer solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; and people from the general population including adults and pediatric patients.

Gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide influences prostate cancer progression via the p38/HMOX1 pathway.

Background: Prostate cancer was the fourth most diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2022. Radical treatments and androgen deprivation therapy benefit newly diagnosed patients but impact quality of life, often leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Short-term dietary changes significantly affect the gut microbiota, which differs markedly between prostate cancer patients and healthy individuals, impacting both cancer progression and treatment response.

Association of early aspirin use with 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis: an PSM analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Objective: In addition to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin inhibits bacterial proliferation directly. The potential benefits of aspirin may enhance the prognosis for sepsis patients. However, little is known about the effects of early aspirin administration.

Duvelisib is a novel NFAT inhibitor that mitigates adalimumab-induced immunogenicity.

Introduction: TNFα inhibitor (TNFi) immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a major obstacle to its therapeutic effectiveness. Although methotrexate (MTX) can mitigate TNFi immunogenicity, its adverse effects necessitate alternative strategies. Targeting nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors may protect against biologic immunogenicity.

Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) can potentially be used as therapeutic drugs to reduce hypertension caused by small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

The emergence of targeted anti-tumor drugs has significantly prolonged the lifespan and improved the prognosis of cancer patients. Among these drugs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, particularly novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are extensively employed as VEGF inhibitors; however, they are also associated with a higher incidence of complications, with hypertension being the most prevalent cardiovascular toxic side effect. Currently, it is widely accepted that TKIs-induced hypertension involves multiple mechanisms including dysregulation of the endothelin (ET) axis, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), imbalance in NO-ROS equilibrium system, vascular rarefaction, and activation of epithelial sodium calcium channels; nevertheless, excessive activation of ET system appears to be predominantly responsible for this condition.

The impact of solute carrier proteins on disrupting substance regulation in metabolic disorders: insights and clinical applications.

Carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids, various inorganic salt ions and organic acids are the main nutrients or indispensable components of the human body. Dysregulation in the processes of absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion of these metabolites can lead to the onset of severe metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gout and hyperbilirubinemia. As the second largest membrane receptor supergroup, several major families in the solute carrier (SLC) supergroup have been found to play key roles in the transport of substances such as carbohydrates, lipids, urate, bile acids, monocarboxylates and zinc ions.

Neural reshaping: the plasticity of human brain and artificial intelligence in the learning process.

Unlabelled: This study explores the concept of neural reshaping and the mechanisms through which both human and artificial intelligence adapt and learn.

Objectives: To investigate the parallels and distinctions between human brain plasticity and artificial neural network plasticity, with a focus on their learning processes.

Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted using literature reviews and machine learning experiments, specifically employing a multi-layer perceptron neural network to examine regression and classification problems.

Long-term Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Perfusion: The INFLATE Study.

Purpose: When performed for clinically significant carotid artery stenosis (CAS), the long-term impact of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on choroidal and choriocapillaris (CC) circulation was studied using swept-source OCT angiography.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Participants: Patients with clinically significant CAS undergoing unilateral CEA.

Associations of Retinal Microvascular Density and Fractal Dimension with Glaucoma: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank.

Objective: To explore the association between retinal microvascular parameters and glaucoma.

Design: Prospective study.

Subjects: The UK Biobank subjects with fundus images and without a history of glaucoma.

Utilization of Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis in the United States From 2010 to 2019.

Background: Interphalangeal joint (IPJ) arthrodesis and arthroplasty are mainstay treatments for IPJ arthritis with conflicting evidence about the most efficacious choice. Our study describes case volume and incidence over the last decade (2010-2019).

Methods: The IBM MarketScan database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for IPJ arthrodesis and arthroplasty from January 2010 to December 2019.

Multidetector-row Computed Tomography Analysis of the Radial Midpalmar Flap: A Retrospective Anatomical Study.

Background: Soft tissue defects on the palm side of the thumb can be effectively covered by using the radial midpalmar (RMP) flap, which is usually harvested as a pedicled flap. However, previous anatomical studies on this flap are limited. We analyzed multidetector-row computed tomography angiograms of the radial midpalm of hands to more precisely characterize the 3-dimensional anatomical structure of the perforators in living patients.

Correlation Between PIK3R1 Expression and Cell Growth in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line BT-474 and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: While mutations in the gene play important roles in human breast carcinogenesis, gene alterations are recognized as actionable mutations for clinical cancer treatment. We aimed to elucidate the role of PIK3R1 in cell proliferation on breast carcinoma and to correlate the PIK3R1 expression with patients' outcome using human tumor tissue arrays.

Methods: Using human BT-474 (estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-high) breast carcinoma cell line as model, the role of PIK3R1 in cell proliferation was elucidated by knock-down of the gene (ΔPIK3R1) in this cell line.

Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Gene Expression Is Associated With High Infiltration of Stromal Cells and Immune Cells, but With Less Cancer Cell Proliferation and Better Overall Survival in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancers.

Background: Peritumoral lidocaine infiltration prior to excision is associated with better survival in breast cancer (BC), which led us to hypothesize that innervation to the tumor affects its biology and patient survival. Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) gene expression is known to be regulated by neuronal activity. Therefore, we studied the clinical relevance of ARC gene expression as a surrogate of neuronal activity in BC.

Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Is Associated With Worse Prognosis, but Better Response to Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) is a key inducer of angiogenesis, responsible for generating new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitating metastasis. Notably, Avastin, which targets VEGFA, failed to demonstrate any significant benefit in clinical trials for breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of gene expression in BC.

Machine learning for antimicrobial peptide identification and design.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models are being deployed in many domains of society and have recently reached the field of drug discovery. Given the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the challenges intrinsic to antibiotic development, there is an urgent need to accelerate the design of new antimicrobial therapies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are therapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections, but their translation into the clinic has been slow owing to toxicity, poor stability, limited cellular penetration and high cost, among other issues.

Lifetime stressors relate to invisible symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

Aim: Childhood stressors can increase adult stress perception and may accumulate over the lifespan to impact symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence links childhood stressors (e.g.

Home Respiratory Polygraphy to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy.

 Supracricoid partial laryngectomy is a surgical treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer which is implemented to preserve organ function, but it may cause obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) due to anatomical changes after surgery that may be neglected by clinicians. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSAS is polysomnography, respiratory polygraphy is an alternative valid method with a high level of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity; since the equipment is portable, it can be used at home, with no need for hospitalization.  To describe the polygraphy result of patients submitted to supracricoid partial laryngectomy.

A family with normal sperm motility carrying a sY86 deletion in AZFa region and partial deletion in AZFc region.

Introduction: Usually, patients with sY84 or sY86 deficiency present with azoospermia, but recent studies have shown that some males with partial AZFa deletions, including sY84 or sY86, exhibit normal fertility. Here, we reported a rare case of AZF deletion in a family, where both father and son exhibited a deletion at the sY86 site in the AZFa region and a partial deletion in the AZFc region.

Methods And Results: Detection was performed using classical multiplex polymerase chain reaction and the "Male AZF Full-region Detection" Panel, revealing specific deletions in AZFa: Yq11.

Case Report: Craniofacial deafness hand syndrome with unusual cardiovascular symptoms and lack of holistic care.

Background: Delays in diagnosing rare genetic disorders often arise due to limited awareness and systemic challenges in primary care. This case highlights the importance of a holistic approach to patient care, encompassing timely detection and comprehensive evaluation of clinical features.

Methods: We report the case of a 21-year-old Ecuadorian male with facial and hand dysmorphias, cardiomegaly, pulmonary hypertension, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Patient "No-Show" Prior to Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Increases Risk of Postoperative Anemia.

Background: Patients who "no-show" (NS) clinical appointments are at a higher risk of poor healthcare outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize the relationship between patient NS prior to primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 90-day complication risk after THA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4147 patients undergoing primary THA.

3D modeling to predict vascular involvement in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Current management of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BR-PDAC) depends on the degree of involvement of the major arterial and venous structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate 3D segmentation and printing to predict tumor size and vascular involvement of BR-PDAC to improve pre-operative planning of vascular resection and better select patients for neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 16 patients with BR-PDAC near vascular structures who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with or without vascular resection between 2015 and 2021.

Application of fibrin sealant in drain-free transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach.

Objective: The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a minimally invasive technique. This study aimed to compare the safety of TOETVA with fibrin sealant (Tisseel) and TOETVA with drainage.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent TOETVA between January 2018 and December 2021 were divided into drainage ( = 20) and Tisseel ( = 30) groups.

Blockade of Src signaling prevented stemness gene expression and proliferation of patient-derived gastric cancer stem cells.

Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Mounting studies highlighted gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) were responsible for the failure of treatment due to recurrence and drug resistance of advanced GC. However, targeted therapy against GCSC for improving GC prognosis suffered from lack of suitable models and molecular targets in terms of personalized medicine.

The value of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-based radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer.

Currently, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world is lung cancer, and 85% of cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With growing knowledge of oncogene drivers and cancer immunology, several novel therapeutics have emerged to improve the prognostic outcomes of NSCLC. However, treatment outcomes remain diverse, and an accurate tool to achieve precision medicine is an unmet need.