Clinically important interactions of macrolides and tetracyclines with dietary interventions-a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Background: Effective management of drug-food interactions is crucial for enhancing antibiotics' efficacy/safety. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to assess the impact of dietary interventions on the bioavailability of 15 macrolides and 10 tetracyclines.

Methods: We included studies examining the influence of food, beverages, antacids, and mineral supplements on the pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered macrolides and tetracyclines.

Prognostic value of body composition parameters by computed tomography in patients with lower extremity arterial disease: a single-center retrospective-prospective analysis.

Background: In this study, we examine the associations between cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous, visceral, and total adipose tissue (SAT, VAT, and TAT) measured by computed tomography (CT), and clinical outcomes in patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).

Methods: Images obtained by lower extremity CT arteriography in 177 consecutive LEAD patients were retrospectively reviewed. The CSAs of SM, SAT, VAT, and TAT were determined at various body levels using OsiriX software.

Identification of hypermucoviscous strains untargeted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections, especially due to the emergence of the hypervirulent (hvKp) strains. Multiple methods have been developed to discriminate hvKp strains from classical (cKp) strains, such as the presence of candidate genes (, -344, , and ), high level of siderophore production, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, Although the string test is commonly used to confirm the hypermucoviscosity of strains, it is a method lacking rigidity and accuracy. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with machine learning algorithms has been widely used in discriminating bacterial pathogens with different phenotypes.

Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study.

Introduction: Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link.

Objective: To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality.

Acute effects of eccentric versus concentric exercise on executive function and attention of older adults.

Cognitive function is improved acutely after aerobic and/or resistance exercise, but it is unclear if the types of muscle contraction can influence this effect. This study tested the hypothesis that undertaking an acute bout of exercise with eccentric than concentric contractions would be more beneficial for improving cognitive function post-exercise in older adults. Twenty healthy older adults (66-75 years) performed descending stair walking (DSW), ascending stair walking (ASW), and resistance exercise of the knee extensors with eccentric-only (RE-ECC) or concentric-only contractions (RE-CON) for ∼20 min each with a week between exercises in a randomized order.

Combined knee osteoarthritis and diabetes is associated with reduced muscle strength, physical inactivity, and poorer quality of life.

Objective: This study delves into the intriguing connection between knee osteoarthritis and diabetes in Malaysia. Specifically, the exacerbation of knee osteoarthritis in the presence of diabetes in terms of symptoms, physical performance, physical activity, psychological status, social participation, and quality of life was discussed.

Design: This cross-sectional study recruited adults aged 50 and above by convenient sampling and grouped them into: knee osteoarthritis-diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis+diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis-diabetes+, and knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+.

Association between the presence of and the development of de novo anemia in adults undergoing sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy has gained prominence in obesity treatment, yet it is not without complications, such as the development of anemia in the medium term. Given the high prevalence of infection in Peru, it is imperative to explore its potential association with this postoperative complication.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of and the development of anemia 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy.

Error in jump height estimation using the flight time method: simulation of the effect of ankle position between takeoff and landing.

During vertical jump evaluations in which jump height is estimated from flight time (FT), the jumper must maintain the same body posture between vertical takeoff and landing. As maintaining identical posture is rare during takeoff and landing between different jump attempts and in different individuals, we simulated the effect of changes in ankle position from takeoff to landing in vertical jumping to determine the range of errors that might occur in real-life scenarios. Our simulations account for changes in center of mass position during takeoff and landing, changes in ankle position, different subject statures (1.

Establishing Quality Indicators and Implementation Priorities for Post-Stroke Aphasia Services Through End-User Involvement.

Background: Currently, there are no agreed quality standards for post-stroke aphasia services. Therefore, it is unknown if care reflects best practices or meets the expectations of people living with aphasia. We aimed to (1) shortlist, (2) operationalise and (3) prioritise best practice recommendations for post-stroke aphasia care.

Flavonoid intakes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult asthma, and lung function: a cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Given their antioxidative stress, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects, flavonoids are hypothesized to play a role in preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

Objectives: This cohort study aimed to examine associations between flavonoid intake and COPD, asthma, and lung function.

Methods: Among 119,466 participants of the UK Biobank, median [interquartile range] age of 60 [53, 65] y, we estimated intakes of flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and a flavodiet score from 24-h diet assessments.

Post-stroke lateropulsion in Australia and New Zealand: a survey investigating current knowledge, priorities and practice.

Background: Post-stroke lateropulsion is prevalent and associated with poor rehabilitation outcomes, but evidence to guide rehabilitation of affected stroke survivors is limited. Current post-stroke lateropulsion rehabilitation practice across Australia and New Zealand has not been previously described.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe lateropulsion rehabilitation practice in Australia and New Zealand, determine clinicians,' educators' and researchers' opinions about the need for educational resources to guide best-practice, and to identify current barriers to, and enablers of, optimal rehabilitation delivery.

Lessons learned: drive-through COVID-19 clinic testing during an adaptive epidemic response and a point-of-care test assessment of a computer-read rapid lateral flow immunoassay with fluorescence-based detection.

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated a need for robust SARS-CoV-2 test evaluation infrastructure to underpin biosecurity and protect the population during a pandemic health emergency. The first generation of rapid antigen tests was less accurate than molecular methods due to their inherent sensitivity and specificity shortfalls, compounded by the consequences of self-testing. This created a need for more accurate point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.

Effect of maternal prebiotic supplementation on human milk immunological composition: Insights from the SYMBA study.

Background: Immunomodulatory proteins in human milk (HM) can shape infant immune development. However, strategies to modulate their levels are currently unknown. This study investigated whether maternal prebiotic supplementation alters the levels of immunomodulatory proteins in HM.

Cruciferous vegetables lower blood pressure in adults with mildly elevated blood pressure in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial: the VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study.

Background: Higher cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies. The pathways involved remain uncertain. We aimed to determine whether cruciferous vegetable intake (active) lowers 24-h brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) compared to root and squash vegetables (control) in Australian adults with mildly elevated BP (SBP 120-160 mmHg inclusive).

Potential donor family behaviours, experiences and decisions following implementation of the Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Act 2019 in England: A qualitative study.

Background: In May 2020, England implemented "deemed consent" legislation, to make it easier for individuals to donate their organs and convey their decision when alive. Families are supposed to support the decision but can still override it if they disagree. We aimed to learn more about this changed role when families were approached about organ donation.

Investigating Genetic Overlap between Alzheimer's Disease, Lipids, and Coronary Artery Disease: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Cross Trait Analysis.

There is evidence to support a link between abnormal lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Similarly, observational studies suggest a comorbid relationship between AD and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the intricate biological mechanisms of AD are poorly understood, and its relationship with lipids and CAD traits remains unresolved.

Positive Association between Patients' Perception of Chronic Pain Rehabilitation as a Personally Meaningful Experience and the Flourishing Aspect of Well-Being.

Chronic pain rehabilitation helps to reduce pain and restore valued life roles. Patients may have more positive outcomes when they perceive rehabilitation to be personally meaningful. This study examined associations between self-reported, personally meaningful rehabilitation and well-being.

Prognosis Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Radiomics and Clinical Information.

(1) Background: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer whose prognosis is affected by its heterogeneous nature. We aim to predict 5-year overall survival in HNSCC radiotherapy (RT) patients by integrating radiomic and clinical information in machine-learning models; (2) Methods: HNSCC radiotherapy planning computed tomography (CT) images with RT structures were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive. Radiomic features and clinical data were independently analyzed by five machine-learning algorithms.

The Influence of β-Carotene and Its Liposomal Form on the Expression of EMT Markers and Androgen-Dependent Pathways in Different Prostate Cell Lines.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men. Although the prognosis in the early stages is good, the treatment of advanced PCa remains a formidable challenge. Even after an initial response to hormone therapy or chemotherapy, recurrences are frequent and resistance to any systemic treatment is common.

Effects of a 6-month dual-task, power-based exercise program on cognitive function, neurological and inflammatory markers in older adults: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Functional power-based exercise training can improve physical performance in older adults and cognitive training can improve measures of cognition, but their combined effects on cognition and related risk factors (neurological and inflammatory markers) remains uncertain. This 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of dual-task functional power training (DT-FPT) on cognition and circulating neurological and inflammatory markers in older adults at increased falls risk, and whether intervention responses varied by apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms. Three hundred residents aged ≥ 65 years at increased falls risk residing in 22 independent-living retirement communities, were randomised by village, to DT-FPT (n = 156, 11 villages) involving a multi-component power-based training program performed simultaneously with cognitive and/or motor tasks (45-60 min, 2/week), or a usual care control (CON) group (n = 144, 11 villages).

The physiological consequences of and recovery following the Australian Special Forces Selection Course.

This study aimed to determine the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery rate from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course. Ninety-three male soldiers (mean ± SD, 28.1 ± 3.

Creating "a Safe Place to Go": Yarning With Health Workers About Stroke Recovery Care for Aboriginal Stroke Survivors-A Qualitative Study.

Stroke affects Aboriginal people at disproportionate rates compared to other populations in Australia. Aboriginal peoples are less likely to receive a timely stroke diagnosis, or timely culturally responsive treatment, as there are very few stroke resources and recovery plans that have been developed by Aboriginal peoples for Aboriginal peoples. Understanding how to develop and implement culturally responsive stroke care requires research approaches that are informed by and with Aboriginal people.

Persistent inward currents in human motoneurons: emerging evidence and future directions.

The manner in which motoneurons respond to excitatory and inhibitory inputs depends strongly on how their intrinsic properties are influenced by the neuromodulators serotonin and noradrenaline. These neuromodulators enhance the activation of voltage-gated channels that generate persistent (long-lasting) inward sodium and calcium currents (PICs) into the motoneurons. PICs are crucial for initiating, accelerating, and maintaining motoneuron firing.